The company is considering the introduction of a new product that is expected to reach sales of $10 million in its first full year and $13 million of sales in the second and third years. Thereafter, annual sales are expected to decline to two-thirds of peak annual sales in the fourth year and one-third of peak sales in the fifth year. No more sales are expected after the fifth year. The CGS is about 60% of the sales revenues in each year. The GS&A expenses are about 23.5% of the sales revenue. Tax on profits is to be paid at a 40% rate. A capital investment of $0.5 million is needed to acquire production equipment. No salvage value is expected at the end of its five-year useful life. This investment is to be fully depreciated on a straight-line basis over five years. In addition, working capital is needed to support the expected sales in an amount equal to 27% of the sales revenue. This working capital investment must be made at the beginning of each year to build up the needed inventory and implement the planned sales program. Furthermore, during the first year of sales activity, a one-time product introductory expense of $200,000 is incurred. Approximately $1.0 million has already been spent promoting and test marketing the new product.

a. Formulate a multiyear income statement to estimate the cash flows throughout its five-year life cycle.

b. Assuming a 20% discount rate, what is the new product’s NPV?

c. Should the company introduce the new product?

The table lists foreign exchange rates for August 25, 2017. On that day, how many dollars would be required to purchase 800 units of each of the following: British pounds, Canadian dollars, EMU euros, Japanese yen, Mexican pesos, and Swedish kronas? Use the direct quotation for your calculations. Round your answers to the nearest cent.

You are evaluating the performance of two portfolio managers, and you have gathered annual return data for the past decade:

1. For each manager, calculate (1) the average annual return, (2) the standard deviation of returns, and (3) the semi-deviation of returns. Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answers to two decimal places.

   	Average annual return	Standard deviation of returns	Semi-deviation of returns
   Manager X	4.35 %	7.74%	? %
   Manager Y	4.35%	5.67%	? %

2. Assuming that the average annual risk-free rate during the 10-year sample period was 1.0%, calculate the Sharpe ratio for each portfolio. Based on these computations, which manager appears to have performed the best? Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answers to three decimal places.

   Sharpe ratio (Manager X): 0.433

   Sharpe ratio (Manager Y): 0.591

3. Calculate the Sortino ratio for each portfolio, using the average risk-free rate as the minimum acceptable return threshold. Based on these computations, which manager appears to have performed the best? Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answers to three decimal places.
   1. Sortino ratio (Manager X): ?

   2. Sortino ratio (Manager Y): ?

Iconic memory is a type of memory that holds visual information for about half a second (0.5 seconds). To demonstrate this type of memory, participants were shown three rows of four letters for 50 milliseconds. They were then asked to recall as many letters as possible, with a 0-, 0.5-, or 1.0-second delay before responding. Researchers hypothesized that longer delays would result in poorer recall. The number of letters correctly recalled is given in the table.

(a) Complete the F-table. (Round your values for MS and F to two decimal places.)

(b) Compute Tukey's HSD post hoc test and interpret the results. (Assume alpha equal to 0.05. Round your answer to two decimal places.)

The critical value is for each pairwise comparison.

Which of the comparisons had significant differences? (Select all that apply.)

Recall following no delay was significantly different from recall following a one second delay. The null hypothesis of no difference should be retained because none of the pairwise comparisons demonstrate a significant difference. Recall following no delay was significantly different from recall following a half second delay. Recall following a half second delay was significantly different from recall following a one second delay.

A sample of gas occupies 300 ml at STP. Under what pressure would this sample occupy a volume of 150 ml at a temperature of 546 ̊C?

Calculate the pressure exerted by 60.0 g C2H6 (ethane) in a 30.0-L vessel at 27 ̊C.

When nickel is heated in carbon monoxide, a gaseous product is formed that has a density of 6.57 g/L at 750 torr and 40 ̊C. The compound is analyzed to show 34.30% Ni, 28.1% C and 37.53% O. What is the molecular formula of the compound?

If 2.0 liters of N2 at 2.0 atm and 2.0 liters of H2 at 1.0 atm are put in a 4.0-liter vessel, what is the final pressure, temperature being constant?

Two gases, Ar and He, are contained in vessel. The mole fraction of He is 0.35 with a partial pressure of 1.15 atm. What is the partial pressure of Ar?

Given the reaction below, how many grams of iron are needed to produce 100 liter of hydrogen gas at STP?

3Fe(s) + 4H2O(l) → Fe3O4 (s) +4H2 (g)

What volume of oxygen at 18 ̊C and 750 torr can be obtained from the thermal decomposition of 100-g KClO3?

2KClO3 (s) → 2KCl(s) +3O2 (g)

A student collects 2.63 L of O2 over water at 29 ̊C and 769 torr by thermal decomposition of potassium chlorate. a) How many grams of oxygen are in the sample? b) How many grams of KClO3 decomposed to produce the oxygen?

2KClO3 (s) → 2KCl (s)+ 3O2 (g)

Beige Book - April 18, 2018

The Federal Reserve released its regular "Beige Book." the April 18th release. Read and write a one page summarizing the details of the report. What’s happening in employment and wages, price and consumer spending, Manufacturing and Distribution, service and finance and banking in March.

Federal Reserve Bank of New York

Overall Economic Activity
Economic activity continued to expand at a modest to moderate pace across the 12 Federal Reserve Districts in March and early April. Outlooks remained positive, but contacts in various sectors including manufacturing, agriculture, and transportation expressed concern about the newly imposed and/or proposed tariffs. Consumer spending rose in most regions, with gains noted for nonauto retail sales and tourism, but mixed results for vehicle sales. Manufacturing activity grew moderately, and demand for nonfinancial services was mostly solid. Residential construction and real estate activity expanded further, although low home inventories continued to constrain sales in several Districts. Loan demand increased, and commercial real estate activity and construction improved since the last report. Transportation services activity expanded in over half of the reporting Districts, buoyed by increases in port traffic and/or air, rail and/or trucking shipments. Agricultural conditions were little changed or worsened on net, in part due to persistent drought conditions. Contacts in the energy sector cited a pickup in activity, except in the Richmond District, where coal production was flat and natural gas production dipped slightly.

Employment and Wages
The labor market has remained tight and hiring activity has been steady. One employment agency in upstate New York noted a seasonal pickup in hiring. A major New York City agency indicated that hiring has been robust and that it is taking longer to fill jobs, particularly those requiring technical skills. Businesses noted particular shortages of tech workers, truck drivers, and skilled tradespeople. A few contacts cited difficulties in attracting young job-seekers away from major urban centers.

Business contacts in the finance and information sectors reported fairly brisk hiring activity, while those in manufacturing, wholesale trade, education & health, and leisure & hospitality indicated modest hiring, on net. Retailers continued to report declining employment. Still, firms in most service industries, including retail, said they plan to expand hiring in the months ahead, while manufacturers have scaled back hiring plans.

Businesses across all major service industries reported ongoing wage pressures. Some contacts maintained that wages had accelerated over the past year, though plans to raise wages in the months ahead were little changed. A New York City agency reports that a new law prohibiting potential employers from asking about a candidate's salary history has led candidates to demand higher pay.

Prices
Input prices have continued to rise briskly but have not accelerated further, according to contacts in most industry sectors. Still, businesses generally anticipated further increases in the months ahead. A growing proportion of service-sector contacts indicated that they were raising their selling prices--most notably, wholesalers--but manufacturers noted only modest hikes in their prices.

Among retailers, some contacts indicated that they have held prices steady, while others reported price increases. Prices for New York City hotel rooms and Broadway theater tickets picked up noticeably in March. Looking ahead, a growing proportion of businesses in manufacturing and wholesale trade said that they planned to raise their prices, while most retailers did not foresee any significant price hikes.

Consumer Spending
Retail contacts reported that sales have picked up somewhat in recent weeks but are still considered lackluster, reflecting unseasonably cold and wet weather. Retailers in upstate New York indicated that sales have strengthened but remained fairly subdued, despite strong customer traffic. A major retail chain noted that sales advanced in March, running somewhat ahead of plan and up modestly from a year ago. Inventories were generally reported to be at satisfactory levels, and retailers were moderately optimistic about the near-term outlook.

New vehicle sales in upstate New York were reported to have weakened in February but there were some signs of a rebound in March. Sales of used cars were steady to up slightly. Vehicle inventories were said to be in fairly good shape. Dealers continued to characterize retail and wholesale credit conditions as favorable. Consumer confidence in the Middle Atlantic states (NY, NJ, PA) edged up to a new multi-year high in March.

Manufacturing and Distribution
Manufacturers reported some acceleration in growth since the last report. In contrast, wholesalers indicated a pause in growth, and transportation firms reported some decline in activity. Looking ahead, manufacturers have become substantially less optimistic about the near-term outlook, while contacts in wholesale distribution and transportation have remained moderately optimistic.

Services
Reports from service-sector firms were mixed but generally pointed to little growth in activity. Contacts in professional & business services and leisure & hospitality reported modest growth, while those in the information and health & education sectors reported flat activity. Service sector businesses have grown less optimistic about the near-term outlook, most notably in the health & education sector.

Tourism in New York City has picked up since the last report. Hotels reported an increase in both revenues and occupancy rates in March. Broadway theaters indicated that business was sluggish in February and early March but picked up noticeably in the second half of the month.

Banking and Finance
Small to medium size banks in the District reported higher demand for residential mortgages, commercial mortgages, and C&I loans, and steady demand for consumer loans. Banks reported lower loan spreads for consumer loans and residential mortgages, and no change in spreads across all other loan categories. Bankers reported that both credit standards and delinquency rates were unchanged across all loan categories.

Year   Commodities%   Services%
1960 0.9 3.4
1961   0.6 1.7
1962 0.9    2.0
1963 0.9 2.0
1964 1.2 2.0
1965 1.1 2.3
1966 2.6 3.8
1967 1.9 4.3
1968 3.5 5.2
1969 4.7 6.9
1970 4.5 8.0
1971 3.6 5.7
1972 3.0 3.8
1973 7.4 4.4
1974 11.9 9.2
1975 8.8 9.6
1976 4.3 8.3
1977 5.8 7.7
1978 7.2 8.6
1979 11.3 11.0
1980 12.3 15.4
1981 8.4 13.1
1982 4.1 9.0
1983 2.9 3.5
1984 3.4 5.2
1985   2.1 5.1
1986   -0.9 5.0
1987 3.2 4.2
1988 3.5 4.6
1989 4.7 4.9
1990 5.2 5.5
1991 3.1 5.1
1992 2.0 3.9
1993 1.9 3.9
1994 1.7 3.3
1995 1.9 3.4
1996 2.6 3.2
1997 1.4 3.0
1998 0.1 2.7
1999 1.8 2.5
2000 3.3 3.4
2001 1.0 4.1
2002 -0.7 3.1
2003 1.0 3.2
2004 2.3 2.9
2005 3.6 3.3
2006 2.4 3.8

Use Data Set J, U.S. annual Percent Inflation in Prices of Commodities and Services (n=47), on page 536 of your textbook to answer the following questions. Commodities percentage (Commodities %) is the independent, variable and Services percentage (Services%) is the dependent variable. Data are year-to-year percent changes in the Consumer Price Index (CPI) in these two categories. The data file, Inflation, may be found on Canvas under Modules under Chapter 12 Textbook Data Files. Use MINITAB to obtain the simple regression equation, confidence interval, prediction interval, and required graphs. Insert tables and graphs in your report as appropriate. All interpretations should be in terms of the problem (data).

Use Minitab and produce the appropriate output to answer the following questions. Attach the output. Construct a scatter plot. Recalling what scatter plots are used for, write a couple of sentences addressing what you observed from the plot. Be sure to relate your observations to the purpose of using scatter plots in regression. (4 points)

Can we conclude that year-to-year changes in Commodities percentage (Commodities%) helps in predicting year-to year changes in Services percentage (Services%)? Follow and show the 7 steps for hypothesis testing. (12 points)

Find the sample regression equation and interpret the coefficients. Remember your interpretations should be in terms of the problem. (4 points)

Find the coefficient of determination, and interpret its value. (3 points)

Use residual analysis to check the validity of the model and fully explain your findings and conclusions. (6 points)

Estimate with 95% confidence the average year-to-year Services percentage for when all year-to-year Commodities change is 3.0%. Predict with 95% confidence the estimated Services percentage when an individual year’s Commodities change is 3.0%. Write at least one sentence using your confidence interval and at least one sentence using your prediction interval. (8 points)

Verify that the p-value for the F is the same as the slope’s t statistic’s p-value, and show that t2 = F. (3 points)

Attach or include relevant Minitab output to support your results in parts (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6). (4 points)

2. Which is more dangerous, touching a faulty 110-volt light bulb or a Van de Graaff generator charged to 100,000 volts? Why? Give a detailed elaborate answer.

3. Calculate the size of the force that would be experienced by a 3.0 µC charge placed into a uniform electric field of strength 1.0 x 10⁵ N/C.

4. A – 5.0 mC charge travels due south under the influence of a 10 N force when placed into a uniform electric field. What force would a 10 mC charge experience if placed in the same field and in which direction would it move?

5. What is the magnitude of a point charge that would create an electric field of 1.00 N/C at points 1.00 m away?

6. Consider a fixed point charge of +2.00 μC. What is the magnitude and direction of the electric field at a point P, a distance of 0.100 m away?

7. An electric field has an electric field strength 6000. N/C at a distance of 1.5 m. What is the strength of the field at a distance of 6.0 m?

8. 24. An alpha (α) particle is positioned in an electric field such that the gravitational force acting on it is equal to the electrostatic force.

             (q_α = 3.2 x 10^–19 C and m_α = 6.64 x 10^–27 kg)

a) What is the direction of the electric field at this point?

b) What is strength of the electric field?

c) If the field is located 0.25 m away, what is the magnitude of the charge?

9. Determine the potential at a point 0.50 m from a 20. µC point charge.

10. An electric field is parallel to the x-axis. What is the magnitude and direction of the electric field if the potential difference between x = 1.0 m and x = 2.5 m is found to be +900 V?

11. A charged droplet of mass 5.88 x 10^–10 kg is hovering motionless between two parallel plates. The parallel plates create have a potential difference of 24000 V and are 2.00 mm apart. What is the charge on the particle?

Pharaphrase and rewrite the following paragraph:

Arduino Arduino Uno is a microcontroller board b... pharaphrase and rewrite the following paragraph: Arduino Arduino Uno is a microcontroller board based on the ATmega328P (datasheet). It has 14 digital input/output pins (of which 6 can be used as PWM outputs), 6 analog inputs, a 16 MHz quartz crystal, a USB connection, a power jack, an ICSP header and a reset button. It contains everything needed to support the microcontroller; simply connect it to a computer with a USB cable or power it with a AC-to-DC adapter or battery to get started.[1] "Uno" means one in Italian and was chosen to mark the release of Arduino Software (IDE) 1.0. The Uno board and version 1.0 of Arduino Software (IDE) were the reference versions of Arduino, now evolved to newer releases. The Uno board is the first in a series of USB Arduino boards, and the reference model for the Arduino platform.[1] The Arduino Uno can be programmed with the (Arduino Software (IDE)). The ATmega328 on the Arduino Uno comes preprogrammed with a bootloader that allows you to upload new code to it without the use of an external hardware programmer. It communicates using the original STK500 protocol (reference, C header files).Differences with other boards The Uno differs from all preceding boards in that it does not use the FTDI USB-to-serial driver chip. Instead, it features the Atmega16U2 (Atmega8U2 up to version R2) programmed as a USB-to-serial converter.[1]Programming Power The Arduino Uno board can be powered via the USB connection or with an external power supply. The power source is selected automatically. External (non-USB) power can come either from an AC-to-DC adapter (wall-wart) or battery. The adapter can be connected by plugging a 2.1mm center-positive plug into the board's power jack. Leads from a battery can be inserted in the GND and Vin pin headers of the POWER connector.[1] The board can operate on an external supply from 6 to 20 volts. If supplied with less than 7V, however, the 5V pin may supply less than five volts and the board may become unstable. If using more than 12V, the voltage regulator may overheat and damage the board. The recommended range is 7 to 12 volts.[1] The power pins are as follows: Vin. The input voltage to the Arduino/Genuino board when it's using an external power source (as opposed to 5 volts from the USB connection or other regulated power source). You can supply voltage through this pin, or, if supplying voltage via the power jack, access it through this pin. 5V.This pin outputs a regulated 5V from the regulator on the board. The board can be supplied with power either from the DC power jack (7 - 12V), the USB connector (5V), or the VIN pin of the board (7-12V). Supplying voltage via the 5V or 3.3V pins bypasses the regulator, and can damage your board. 3V3. A 3.3 volt supply generated by the on-board regulator. Maximum current draw is 50 mA. GND. Ground pins. IOREF. This pin on the Arduino/Genuino board provides the voltage reference with which the microcontroller operates. A properly configured shield can read the IOREF pin voltage and select the appropriate power source or enable voltage translators on the outputs to work with the 5V or 3.3V.[1]