Is Copper completely obsolete?

Here is a direct quote from “Why such slow Wi-Fi?” in a recent Los Angeles Times article:

“In an analysis of fixed broadband and mobile speeds in July, Speedtest ranked the United State No. 9 for broadband and No. 46 for mobile (Nos.1, respectively, Singapore and Norway. Last: Venezuela and Iraq). Part of the issue for Americans: Many of us still have home service based on copper wire, not fiber.
Craig Ganssle, chief executive of Camp3, which works on wireless infrastructures, explains this difference: Copper service is based on the speed of sound (generally about 1,125 feet per second if it’s 68 degrees and the air is dry), and fiber is based on the speed of light (about 984 million feet per second).”

With a few exceptions, most of us get our home Internet access through a cable modem and the wires that connect our modems to our ISPs are made of copper. Let’s assume you are streaming a Netflix movie. The nearest Open Connect appliance, which Netflix uses to host and deliver movies to customers (see Chapter 11, pg. 360), is 3 miles from your home. Let’s also assume you have already found the movie to watch and is ready to start. You click on the Play button, a one-bit signal is sent over the 3-mile copper wire to reach the Open Connect appliance, which then starts sending the digitized movie frames back to your home, also over the 3-mile copper wire.

Questions:
a. Given the quoted speeds above (i.e., 1,125 feet per second vs. 984 million feet per second), from the moment you click the Play button, to the moment the first frame of the movie appears on your screen, how long will it take (round-trip time) over a copper wire? Over a fiber optic cable?
Note: 1 mile = 5,280 feet
Round-trip time = (Distance / Speed) × 2

b. How does your calculated result over a copper wire compare to your own experience of streaming movies on the Internet, excluding any buffering time? Do you see any problem with what the expert in the article above was saying? Hint: this expert did not get some basic facts of physics right.

GRAMMAR: Subject-Verb Agreement in the Simple Present

INSTRUCTIONS: Complete each sentence with the correct verb.

11. Everyone who ________________ (attend / attends) the concert will receive a t-shirt and poster.

12. The U.S. Olympic ice hockey team ________________ (practice / practices) in Colorado.

13. All the drinking water in New York City ________________ (come / comes) from the mountains more than a hundred miles away.

14. One of the most obvious causes of car accidents ________________ (is / are) drivers who use their phones while driving.

15. Living in a big city ________________ (cost / costs) more money than living in a small town.

GRAMMAR: Word Forms

INSTRUCTIONS: Complete each sentence with the correct word form.

16. Scientists were quick to understand the ________________ (important / importance) of the new discovery.

17. Choosing a major in college can be a difficult ________________ (decide / decision) to make.

18. Effective teachers plan ________________ (creative / creatively) lessons for their students.

19. Stress can have a negative effect on a person’s ________________ (mental / mentally) health.

20. The ________________ (recommend / recommendation) of some experts is to avoid checking email throughout the day.

INSTRUCTIONS: Choose the correct word to complete each sentence.

____ 21. A(n) ________________ advantage of this program is that it can be used on mobile devices.

a. doubtful b. additional c. abandoned

____ 22. Although a university degree cannot ________________ a great job, graduates do tend to receive higher salaries than those without a degree.

a. be related to b. shrink c. guarantee

____ 23. Races that are 10,000 kilometers or longer test the ________________ of the athletes.

a. impact b. strategy c. endurance

____ 24. Sitting still for long periods of time can be a ________________ challenging task for young learners.

a. dilemma b. mentally c. particularly

INSTRUCTIONS: Choose the correct word form to complete each sentence.

25. Families often build an ________________ (addition / add / additional / additionally) to their house as they have more children and need more space.

26. Modern medicine has made it unnecessary for people to ________________ (endure / endurance / enduring) the terrible pain that often accompanies diseases such as cancer.

27. When learning a new language, it is best to ________________ (interaction / interact / interactive / interactively) with native speakers as often as possible.

28. Strong ________________ (motivation / motivate / motivational) can be a powerful tool in reaching one’s goals.

29. The sales department’s ________________ (strategy / strategize / strategic / strategically) for increasing sales has been extremely successful.

I would like to get the step by step solution for the below question

Question 11 pts

What is the difference between positive economics and normative economics?

Group of answer choices

Positive economics deals with dynamic systems, while normative economics focuses on static systems.

Normative economics deals with how the world actually works, whereas positive economics focuses on what people ought to do.

Positive economics requires making value judgments, while normative economics relies solely on factual statements.

Normative economics applies in cases that are characterized by typical or normal behaviors and dynamics, while positive economics applies in cases with unusually rapid technological progress.

Normative economics focuses on what people ought to do, whereas positive economics deals with how the world actually works.

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Question 21 pts

Which of the following are true statements about public goods?

Group of answer choices

To find the aggregate marginal willingness to pay (MWTP) for the good you would add together the individual MWTP corresponding to given ``output'' levels

The good is available in the same quantities to everyone

Payment of a fee to a public agency provides access to the good

The total amount consumed is the sum of the amounts consumed by each individual

Public goods are those paid for by taxes and provided and maintained by the government

Overuse by some diminishes the amount available to others

They are rival and non-excludable

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Question 31 pts

Angela is willing to pay $75 now for an item to be delivered in exactly 3 years time. The most she would be willing to pay for the item today is $100. What is Angela's discount rate?

Group of answer choices

7.5% per year

25% per year

15% per year

10% per year

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Question 41 pts

Aubrey consumes 5 units of a certain good. Aubrey would buy one additional unit only if the price per unit were $10 or less. What concept is being illustrated here?

Group of answer choices

Diminishing marginal utility

Marginal willingness to pay

Discounting

Aggregate willingness to pay

Intrinsic value

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Question 51 pts

A local firm makes and sells handcrafted equestrian riding boots. Some of the residual chemicals from the leather tanning process are discharged into a river used for the town's drinking water supply. The social marginal cost curve for the riding boots is ___________________ the firm's riding boot supply curve.

Group of answer choices

lower than

higher than

completely unrelated to

equal to

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Question 61 pts

Last week you paid $20 for a ticket to the opening game of the Cowboy's upcoming football season. Tickets are now sold out, and your acquaintance, Mary, asks to buy your ticket. The lowest price at which you would be willing to sell your ticket to Mary is $50, but she is willing to pay no more than $40. If attending the game and selling your ticket to Mary are your only two options, what is your opportunity cost of going to the game?

Group of answer choices

$50

$20

$40

$30

$0

$10

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Question 71 pts

Which one or more of the following statements is consistent with the economic definition of sustainability for a nonrenewable natural resource?

Group of answer choices

Non-renewable resources cannot be used sustainably because they eventually will run out; only renewable resources can be used sustainably.

Sustainability requires that the rate of extraction must be less than the discount rate in all periods.

Use of a non-renewable resource can be sustainable if investments in other forms of productive capital are made in an amount equal to or exceeding the user cost.

Extraction can be sustainable only if it is matched or exceeded by the rate of discoveries of new deposits.

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Question 81 pts

Which of the following are typically associated with open-access resources?

Group of answer choices

rivalry

over-use relative to the economically efficient level

resource discounting inflation

Under-supply relative to the economically efficient level due to free-riding

Public goods

Private goods

excludability

resource rent dissipation

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Question 91 pts

If the government charges a tax to producers in the amount of $x per unit of output, this has the effect of...

Group of answer choices

Decreasing the market quantity

Shifting the marginal external cost curve down

Shifting the supply curve up

Shifting the marginal external cost curve up

Increasing the market quantity

Decreasing the market price

Shifting the demand curve up

Shifting the supply curve down

Increasing the market price

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Question 101 pts

The table below shows the consumer surplus per visitor that would be generated at different levels of attendance at a local public park that currently charges no fee for entry. Consumer surplus per visitor declines with the number of visitors because of crowding and congestion in the park.

Number of visitors	Consumer surplus per visitor
200	50
300	40
400	20
500	0
600	-10
700	-15
800	-20

What entry fee would need to be charged to limit the number of visitors to the level that maximizes total surplus?

Group of answer choices

$60

$40

$20

$50

$0

$30

$10

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Question 111 pts

A project has been proposed to build an overlook area off the Snowy Range Scenic Byway. To finance the construction of the overlook, a two-tier tax will be assessed on residents of Laramie and several nearby towns. Households below the median income will pay 0.1% of their income in taxes, and those above the median income will pay 0.2%. Differences in households' willingness-to-pay for the overlook have been found to be unrelated to their incomes.

Based on the information provided, which one or more of the following conclusions can we draw about the distribution of the benefits, costs, and net benefits of the proposal relative to household incomes?

Group of answer choices

Net benefits are distributed regressively

Costs are distributed regressively

Benefits are distributed progressively

Net benefits are distributed progressively

Costs are distributed proportionally

Net benefits are distributed proportionally

Benefits are distributed regressively

Benefits are distributed proportionally

Costs are distributed progressively

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Question 121 pts

Which of the following are reasons why voluntary contributions to The Nature Conservancy probably would not correspond to the total value that people place on the wildlife habitat protected by that organization?

Group of answer choices

Travel costs may be prohibitive for some contributors.

Protection of species habitat is a public good.

The protected habitat also may provide consumptive or non-consumptive use values.

The marginal private cost of protecting the habitat will be greater than the marginal social benefits.

Existence values cannot be measured using a contingent valuation approach.

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Question 131 pts

Use the table below to answer the questions that follow.

Time period	Project A benefit	Project A cost	Project B benefit	Project B cost
0	10	25	40	120
1	25	25	40	0
2	40	25	40	0
3	50	25	40	0

Recall that a project's internal rate of return (IRR) is the discount rate for which the project's present value of net benefits equals zero.

(a) The internal rate of return for Project A is                            [ Select ]                       ["equal to", "greater than", "less than"]         0.3 per period.

(b) The internal rate of return for Project B is                            [ Select ]                       ["equal to", "greater than", "less than"]         0.3 per period.

(c) If the discount rate is 0.1 per period and only one project an be adopted, an economist would recommend                            [ Select ]                       ["Project B", "Project A"]         .

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Question 141 pts

A portfolio manager summarizes the input from the macro and micro forecasters in the following table:

Micro Forecasts
Asset	Expected Return (%)			Beta	Residual Standard Deviation (%)
Stock A		24		0.7		57
Stock B		14		1.1		71
Stock C		12		0.5		63
Stock D		10		0.6		52

Macro Forecasts
Asset	Expected Return (%)			Standard Deviation (%)
T-bills		7			0
Passive equity portfolio		14			25

Calculate the following for a portfolio manager who is not allowed to short sell securities. The manager's Sharpe ratio is 0.3531.

a. What is the cost of the restriction in terms of Sharpe’s measure? (Do not round intermediate calculations. Enter your answer as decimals rounded to 4 places.)

Find z such that 5.4% of the standard normal curve lies to the right of z. (Round your answer to two decimal places.)
z =  

Find the z value such that 83% of the standard normal curve lies between −z and z. (Round your answer to two decimal places.)
z =  

Thickness measurements of ancient prehistoric Native American pot shards discovered in a Hopi village are approximately normally distributed, with a mean of 5.1 millimeters (mm) and a standard deviation of 0.7 mm. For a randomly found shard, find the following probabilities. (Round your answers to four decimal places.)

(a) the thickness is less than 3.0 mm


(b) the thickness is more than 7.0 mm


(c) the thickness is between 3.0 mm and 7.0 mm

On Sept 30th, 2011, Exxon Mobil (XOM) stock was traded at $72.63 while the December XOM put option with $75 exercise price is traded at $5.00 and the December XOM call option with $70 exercise price is traded at $5.60. The put option's delta is -0.65 and the call option's delta is 0.7.

A) On October 3rd, XOM stock price changed to $71.15 on Oct 3rd, what will be the values of the put and call options?

B) Consider a portfolio composed of:

1,005 XOM stocks

20 Dec XOM Call options

37 Dec XOM Put options

     What is the portfolio position delta?

C) Using the portfolio position delta, calculate the portfolio value before AND after the stock price change.

3. Probability+ Central Limit Theorem questions:

a. The return on investment is normally distributed with a mean of 10% and a standard deviation of 5%. What is the probability of losing money?

b. An average male drinks 2 liter of water when active outdoor (with a standard deviation of 0.7). An organization is planning for a full day outdoor for 50 men and will bring 110 liter of water. What is the probability that the organization will run out of water? (8)

c. The lifetime of a certain battery is normally distributed with a mean of 10 hours and standard deviation of 1 hour. There are 4 such batteries in the package.

i. What is the probability that the lifetime of all 4 batteries exceed 11 hours?

ii. What is the probability that the total lifetime of all 4 batteries will exceed 44 hours.

On Sept 30th, 2011, Exxon Mobil (XOM) stock was traded at $72.63 while the December XOM put option with $75 exercise price is traded at $5.00 and the December XOM call option with $70 exercise price is traded at $5.60. The put option's delta is -0.65 and the call option's delta is 0.7.

A) On October 3rd, XOM stock price changed to $71.15 on Oct 3rd, what will be the values of the put and call options?

B) Consider a portfolio composed of:

1,005 XOM stocks

20 Dec XOM Call options

37 Dec XOM Put options

     What is the portfolio position delta?

C) Using the portfolio position delta, calculate the portfolio value before AND after the stock price change.

A 2.5 TR split unit is to be powered using solar photovoltaic (PV) cells. Assume the cooling unit has a COP = 3, the solar panel converts only the direct solar radiation (i.e. neglect diffuse part) & the conversion energy efficiency is 30%, calculate the required surface solar panel area (m2) and the saving in the monthly running cost (S.R./month) assume 8 hr’s unit daily operation & the power charge is 0.18 S.R/kW-hr. To calculate the solar radiation, use the following data: Location: Jeddah, l = 21.67o, L = 39.15o, CN = 0.7 Day: June 21st Solar hour (h) = 37.6o the solar panel is facing south with a surface tilting angle = 23o from the horizontal.

A wood burning stove is box shaped with a height of 30.7”, width 26.25” and depth 25.5”. The front surface is glass (Ԑ= 0.9) and the other surfaces are cast iron (Ԑ= 0.7). The fire keeps the stove surface at a constant 202 °C.

a.Calculate the rate at which the stove’s one glass surface (30.7” by 26.25”) radiates heat into the surrounding space.

b.Calculate the rate at which the cast iron sides radiate heat into the surrounding space. Add this to your answer to part a) to determine the total rate of radiation into the surrounding space. Assume the stove is raised off the floor so the bottom radiates.

c. If the surrounding temperature is 22 °C, find the net rate of radiative heat transfer from the wood stove to the surroundings