You observe the following term structure of interest rates (zero-coupon yields, also called "spot rates"). The spot rates are annual rates that are semi-annually compounded.

Compute the six-month forward curve, i.e. compute f(0,0.5,1.0), f(0,1.0,1.5), f(0,1.5,2.0), f(0,2.0,2.5), and f(0,2.5,3.0). Round to six digits after the decimal. Enter percentages in decimal form, i.e. enter 2.1234% as 0.021234.

In all the following questions, enter percentages in decimal form, i.e. enter 2.1234% as 0.021234. Assume semi-annual compounding.

Compute the one-year forward rate in six months, i.e. compute f(0,0.5,1.5)

Compute the one-year forward rate in one year, i.e. compute f(0,1.0,2.0)

Compute the one-year forward rate in two years, i.e. compute f(0,2.0,3.0)

Compute the 1.5-year forward rate in six months, i.e. compute f(0,0.5,2.0)

Compute the 1.5-year forward rate in one-year, i.e. compute f(0,1.0,2.5)

Compute the 1.5-year forward rate in 1.5-years, i.e. compute f(0,1.5,3.0)

Compute the two-year forward rate in six-months, i.e. compute f(0,0.5,2.5)

Compute the two-year forward rate in one-year, i.e. compute f(0,1.0,3.0)

Compute the 2.5-year forward rate in six-months, i.e. compute f(0,0.5,3.0)

A 60-year-old woman came to her physician because she was having problems with urination. Her previous history included hypertension and episodes of edema. The physician ordered various laboratory tests on blood drawn in his office. The results are shown in Case Study Table 14-4.1. Questions 1. What are the abnormal results in this case? 2. Why do you think the triglycerides are abnormal? 3. What is the primary disease exhibited by this patient’s laboratory data?

CASE STUDY TABLE 14-4.1 LABORATORY RESULTS PATIENT REFERENCE ANALYTE VALUES RANGE Na 149 135–143 mEq/L K 4.5 3.0–5.0 mEq/L Cl 120 98–103 mEq/L CO2 content 12 22–27 mmol/L Total protein 5.7 6.5–8.0 g/dL Albumin 2.3 3.5–5.0 g/dL Ca2 7.6 9.0–10.5 mg/dL Cholesterol 201 140–200 mg/dL Uric acid 15.4 3.5–7.9 mg/dL Creatinine 4.5 0.5–1.2 mg/dL BUN 87 7–25 mg/dL Glucose 88 75–105 mg/dL Total bilirubin 1.3 0.2–1.0 mg/dL Triglycerides 327 65–157 mg/dL Lactate 200 90–190 IU/L dehydrogenase Aspartate 45 8–40 IU/L transaminase Amylase 380 76–375 IU/L

You plan to invest in the Kish Hedge Fund, which has total capital of $500 million invested in five stocks:

Kish's beta coefficient can be found as a weighted average of its stocks' betas. The risk-free rate is 6%, and you believe the following probability distribution for future market returns is realistic:

1. What is the equation for the Security Market Line (SML)? (Hint: First determine the expected market return.)
   
   1. r_i = 5.7% + (9.5%)b_i
   2. r_i = 6.0% + (9.1%)b_i
   3. r_i = 4.0% + (10.4%)b_i
   4. r_i = 6.0% + (9.5%)b_i
   5. r_i = 5.7% + (9.1%)b_i
   
   -Select-IIIIIIIVVItem 1
   
2. Calculate Kish's required rate of return. Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answer to two decimal places.
     %
   
3. Suppose Rick Kish, the president, receives a proposal from a company seeking new capital. The amount needed to take a position in the stock is $50 million, it has an expected return of 14%, and its estimated beta is 1.5. Should Kish invest in the new company?
   The new stock -Select-should notshouldItem 3 be purchased.
   
   At what expected rate of return should Kish be indifferent to purchasing the stock? Round your answer to two decimal places.
     %

1) Investigators found a RR = 1.90 to explain the association between maternal education (high vs. low) and onset of adolescent eating disorders. They should therefore conclude that adolescents whose mothers had high education had a 90% greater risk of developing eating disorders than adolescents whose mothers had low education.

A. True

B. False

2) When examining an association between an exposure and an outcome, researchers may find a small effect that is statistically significant but could lack practical importance or "clinical significance."

A. True

B. False

3) Effect modification occurs when the effect of the exposure on the outcome is modified by a third variable. A. True B. False 59. Investigators are exploring the relationship between number of hours worked per week and cardiovascular disease among academic faculty in the United States. During their analysis, they find that the number of hours worked per week and cardiovascular disease are both associated with sedentary behavior (number of hours sitting). Is sedentary behavior more likely to be a confounder or a mediator of this association between number of hours worked and cardiovascular disease?

A. Confounder

B. Mediator

4)

Investigators explored the relationship between coffee drinking and osteoporosis using a case-control study. They calculated the overall odds ratio and odds ratios among smokers and non-smokers. The results are shown below.

OR (overall) = 2.20

OR (smokers) = 5.0   

OR (non-smokers) = 1.0

In this example, would smoking be best considered an effect modifier, mediator, or confounder for the relationship between coffee consumption and osteoporosis?

A. Confounder

B. Mediator

C. Effect modifier

Ratio Analysis:

A patient on your team is experiencing difficulty breathing. There is no change in the patient's status after you elevate the head of bed, apply oxygen, have the patient use pursed lip breathing, and obtain a breathing treatment for the patient. Auscultation of the lungs demonstrates crackles bilaterally halfway up the lungs. The respiratory rate is 40 breaths/min, with an oxygen saturation level of 90% on 4 liters oxygen per nasal cannula. The patient is restless and having difficulty speaking because of the shortness of breath. After exhausting all nursing interventions, you call the physician by telephone regarding the change in patient's status

1. Describe how you would communicate the following areas using the I-SBAR-R tool.
2. The physician orders Lasix 40 mg IVP and morphine 4 mg IVP and 1 to 2 mg IVP every 1-hour prn. You write down the telephone order and hang up. Your transcription includes the following information:
   • Lasix 40 mp IVP Stat and QD
   • MSO4 4.0 mg IVP Stat and 1.0-2.0 mg IVP q1hr prn

Is this the correct transcription of the order? How would you change it?

3. Did you take the telephone order correctly? What additional steps should be followed?
4. What tips for communicating with physicians on the telephone can you recall from the textbook chapter? Which of these were missing, done incorrectly, or not done during the communication with the physician? Which steps still need to be done?

Sunrise, Inc., has no debt outstanding and a total market value of $356,900. Earnings before interest and taxes, EBIT, are projected to be $50,000 if economic conditions are normal. If there is strong expansion in the economy, then EBIT will be 16 percent higher. If there is a recession, then EBIT will be 25 percent lower. The company is considering a $180,000 debt issue with an interest rate of 5 percent. The proceeds will be used to repurchase shares of stock. There are currently 8,300 shares outstanding. The company has a tax rate of 23 percent, a market-to-book ratio of 1.0, and the stock price remains constant.

a-1. Calculate earnings per share (EPS) under each of the three economic scenarios before any debt is issued. (Do not round intermediate calculations and round your answers to 2 decimal places, e.g., 32.16.)

a-2. Calculate the percentage changes in EPS when the economy expands or enters a recession. (A negative answer should be indicated by a minus sign. Do not round intermediate calculations and enter your answers as a percent rounded to 2 decimal places, e.g., 32.16.)

b-1. Calculate earnings per share (EPS) under each of the three economic scenarios assuming the company goes through with recapitalization. (Do not round intermediate calculations and round your answers to 2 decimal places, e.g., 32.16.)

b-2. Given the recapitalization, calculate the percentage changes in EPS when the economy expands or enters a recession. (A negative answer should be indicated by a minus sign. Do not round intermediate calculations and enter your answers as a percent rounded to 2 decimal places, e.g., 32.16.)

Diabetes

R.M. is a 17-year-old African-American girl with new-onset diabetes, presumed to be type 2 diabetes. She presented to her pediatrician during the winter months with the classic symptoms of polyuria and polydipsia. She reported weight loss over the preceding weeks, but was otherwise well. Her family history was positive for type 2 diabetes in grandparents and some distant relatives and negative for autoimmune diseases.

Physical examination revealed a blood pressure of 103/53 mmHg, pulse of 79, and temperature of 38°C. Her weight was 60 kg (132 lb, 50–75th percentile), height was 155 cm (61 inches, 10th percentile), and body mass index (BMI) was 25 kg/m2 (85th percentile). She had acanthosis nigricans and was at Tanner V stage of sexual development.

Urinalysis revealed a glucose level of >1,000 mg/dl and ketones of 40 mg/dl. Her initial laboratory studies included a blood glucose measurement of 726 mg/dl, bicarbonate of 21 mmol/l (normal range 23–32 mmol/l), venous pH of 7.37, hemoglobin A1c (A1C) of 8.6%, and C-peptide of 1.0 ng/ml (normal range 0.6–3.2 ng/ml).

Discussion Questions: Review the case above and answer these questions.

1.What is the significant differences between type 1 and 2 diabetes.
2. Discuss 4 priority nursing diagnoses?

ABC company's vice president of marketing proposes a new program to significantly increase product sales by 250,000 units per year throughout the 1998-2004 period. Specifically, it is suggested that the company take the following actions: A. Spend $2.5 million over the period of 1998-2000 as promotional expenditures - for example, spend $1.0 million each in the years 1998, 1999, and $0.5 million in the year 2000. B. Make a one-time investment of $1.4 million in plants and equipment needed at the beginning of 1998 to generate these additional products. No new warehouse capability is needed. This investment is to be depreciated on a straight-line basis over the seven-year period. There will be no salvage values for these plants and equipment in 2005. It is further assumed that the product unit cost is $8.00 in 1998, and it is estimated to increase by 3 percent per year. The product unit price is $20 in 1998, and it is estimated to change as manifested in the following table: Items 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 Unit Price $20.00 $20.60 $21.00 $21.15 $21.25 $21.25 $21.00 The SG&A expenditure is estimated at $1.25 million in 1998, and it will increase by 3 percent per year during the six-year period. A corporate tax of 40 percent must be paid for any marginal income. There is an interest charge during this period, and the company's weighted average cost of capital (WACC) is 8 percent. If the company's hurdle rate for this type of investment is 25 percent, and the NPV (Net Present Value) for the proposed marketing initiative is negative at that hurdle rate of 0.25, why would you not recommend the marketing initiative be approved? Explain in depth.

Sunrise, Inc., has no debt outstanding and a total market value of $422,400. Earnings before interest and taxes, EBIT, are projected to be $55,000 if economic conditions are normal. If there is strong expansion in the economy, then EBIT will be 14 percent higher. If there is a recession, then EBIT will be 20 percent lower. The company is considering a $205,000 debt issue with an interest rate of 6 percent. The proceeds will be used to repurchase shares of stock. There are currently 8,800 shares outstanding. The company has a tax rate of 23 percent, a market-to-book ratio of 1.0, and the stock price remains constant. a-1. Calculate earnings per share (EPS) under each of the three economic scenarios before any debt is issued. (Do not round intermediate calculations and round your answers to 2 decimal places, e.g., 32.16.) a-2. Calculate the percentage changes in EPS when the economy expands or enters a recession. (A negative answer should be indicated by a minus sign. Do not round intermediate calculations and enter your answers as a percent rounded to 2 decimal places, e.g., 32.16.) b-1. Calculate earnings per share (EPS) under each of the three economic scenarios assuming the company goes through with recapitalization. (Do not round intermediate calculations and round your answers to 2 decimal places, e.g., 32.16.) b-2. Given the recapitalization, calculate the percentage changes in EPS when the economy expands or enters a recession. (A negative answer should be indicated by a minus sign. Do not round intermediate calculations and enter your answers as a percent rounded to 2 decimal places, e.g., 32.16.)