Are the educational aspirations of students related to family income? This question was investigated in the article “Aspirations and Expectations of High School Youth” (Int. J. of Comp. Soc. (1975): 25). The accompanying 4 X 3 table resulted from classifying 273 students according to expected level of education and family income. Does the data indicate that education aspirations and family income are not independent? Conduct hypothesis test using = .05. Income Aspired Level Low Middle High Some High School 9 11 9 High School Graduate 44 52 41 Some College 13 23 12 College Graduate 10 22 27

Professor Smith would like to see if giving the students chocolate made a difference in their levels of happiness. The students were asked to rate how happy they felt on a 1(not happy at all) to 10(the happiest they have ever been) level before they were given chocolate and after. Please use the following data for questions a-d.

1. 1. Calculate the t value
2. 2. What are the critical values at the .05 and .01 significance levels?
3. 3. What is the interpretation of the obtained value at .05 and .01 levels of significance?
   4. Write up the results at p = .05 in APA format.

1) The distribution of 800 test scores in an introduction to criminal justice course had a mean of 35 and a standard deviation of 6.

1. What proportion of the students had scores between 30 and 40?
2. Would you expect to find the same proportion of students between scores of 20 and 30? If so, why? If not, why?

2) Find the proportion of the area under the normal distribution that lies

1. below Z = .50
2. above Z = .50
3. below Z = -1.50
4. above Z = 1.50
5. below Z = 2.25
6. below Z = 1.64
7. between Z = .25 and Z = .75
8. Between Z = 0 and Z = 1.75
9. Between Z = -1.96 and Z = 1.96

1) Babcock and Marks (2010) reviewed survey data from 2003–2005, and obtained an average of μ = 14 per week spent studying by full-time students at four-year colleges in the United States. To determine whether this average has changed in recent years, a researcher selected a sample of n = 64 of today’s college students and obtained an average of M = 12.5 hours . If the standard deviation for the distribution is σ = 4.8 per week, does this sample indicate a significant change in the number of hours spent studying? Use a two-tailed test with α = .05. Report Cohen’s d to indicate the size of the effect if necessary. Step 1,2,3,4,5,6

1) Babcock and Marks (2010) reviewed survey data from 2003–2005, and obtained an average of μ = 14 per week spent studying by full-time students at four-year colleges in the United States. To determine whether this average has changed in recent years, a researcher selected a sample of n = 64 of today’s college students and obtained an average of M = 12.5 hours . If the standard deviation for the distribution is σ = 4.8 per week, does this sample indicate a significant change in the number of hours spent studying? Use a two-tailed test with α = .05. Report Cohen’s d to indicate the size of the effect if necessary. Step 1,2,3,4,5,6

A survey conducted at Chicago Public Schools (CPS) involving high school students on whether they had participated in binged drinking during the past month. Binge drinking was defined as 5 or more drinks in a row on one or more of the past 30 days.

a. From the sample data is there evidence that the proportion of students who participate in binge drinking is greater than 10%? Write a null and alternative hypothesis and perform an appropriate significance test using

b. Construct a 90% Confidence Interval for the population proportion. Does it support the same conclusion as in part a? Explain.

1. There are actually 6 different high schools in the Duchene Count School District. Overall, 82% of students from the school district passed the test in 2010. The percent from each school that passed is given below. Conduct a test to determine if there is a difference in the percent that passed from any of the 6 high schools. Assume the scores from 2010 can be considered a simple random sample and to make it easier, you can also assume 200 students from each school took the test.

The Graduate Record Examination (GRE) is a test required for admission to many U.S. graduate schools. Students' scores on the quantitative portion of the GRE follow a normal distribution with standard deviation 8.8. Suppose a random sample of 10 students took the test, and their scores are given below. 152, 126, 146, 149, 152, 164, 139, 134, 145, 136 a. Are the criteria for approximate normality satisfied? Why? b. Calculate the sample mean, x with bar on top. Round your answer to one decimal place. c. Calculate the Z test statistic for this sample. Round your answer to two decimal places. d. Does this sample appear to be unusual? Why?