1- How the cancer is related to the cell cycle?

2- What are the general methodologies for cancer treatment?

3- Please describe the terms below: chromatin, chromosome, chromatid, centrosome.

4- What is the importance of meiosis and what are the main stages of the meiosis?

5- Please fill in blanks in the table

THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN MEIOSIS AND MITOSIS

6- Please explain what the Human Genome Project is, and also explain the importance of the project.

7-What is gel electrophoresis? And explain how we can use this technology in forensic science.

8-Please explain how can a biochip, the one type in which used for a gene microarray, identify the precise form of cancer.

9-Please explain the Darwins’s Theory of Natural Selection in four steps.

10-

According to Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, a population’s allele and genotype frequencies are inherently stable, so please prove this theory by filling the table below (zygote genotype and its frequency) and generate the Hardy-Weinberg formula

1-Taxonomy & systematics reflect phylogeny.’ Please explain this statement

2-What is non-random mating? Why would it be an important thing for conservation biologists to keep track of in a population?

3-What are 5 lines of evidence in support of evolution? Define and give an example of each.

4-Define and give an example for each of the following types of natural selection: directional selection, stabilizing selection, disruptive selection, balancing selection.  

5-What are respiratory pigments? In general, what makes them good at delivering gases from one place in the body to another?

6-Why is human blood red while the blood of some insects is blue?

7-Why is the oxygen-hemoglobin curve sigmoidal (s-shaped) rather than a straight line?

8-What parts of your body have chemoreceptors for detecting changes in breathing rate? What cues do those chemoreceptors pick up? Would the brain react first to an increase in pH or to a decrease in oxygen levels in the blood?

9-How does an increase in CO₂ affect pH (hydrogen ion concentration) of the blood? How does an increase in anaerobic respiration affect pH in the blood?

A person takes a Ca-Mg-Zn pill daily. Zn can inhibit the absorption of Mg. An intake of >142mg of Zn will prevent Mg absorption. However, an intake of >500 mg of Ca can rescue Mg absorption that is blocked by Zn. One dose of the supplement contains 1.502 x 10²² atoms of Ca, 9.94 x 10²¹ atoms of Mg, and 1.379 x 10²⁰ atoms of Zn. With this information, answer the following:

A) How many doses of the pill is necessary to reach the Zn threshold which blocks Mg absorption?

B) The calcium in this pill is in the form of calcium carbonate, and only 15% of the calcium present in the dose will actually get absorbed. Taking this constraint into account, is the level of Ca sufficient enough to rescue the Mg absorption that is blocked by the Zn? Input the amount of Ca²⁺ absorbed.

C) There are 5 L of blood in the human body. Blood concentrations of Ca between 0.0035 and 0.0040 mol/L indicate critical hypercalcemia. At this dose (the dose it takes to block Mg absorption), will the calcium kill the person taking the pill? Answer here with the molarity of Ca²⁺ resulting from ingesting the number of doses calculated in question A.

Read the following scenario. Janice was hired by Dream Massage to be a massage therapist. She is engaged as an independent contractor and, therefore, receives no tax withholding or employment benefits. Dream Massage requires Janice to work a set schedule, provides her with clients and all her massage products, and exercises complete control over how Janice does her work. In addition, when Janice shows up to work the first day, she is informed by Dream Massage that she cannot wear her hijab as it violates the company's dress code policy. The owner of Dream Massage comes to you, a human resources (HR) consultant, to find out if Janice is properly classified as an independent contractor and if there is potential liability concerning the hijab. Create a 700- to 1,050-word HR report for Dream Massage in which you examine the employment issues presented in the scenario. Include the following: Analyze whether Janice qualifies as an employee or should be classified as an independent contractor. Discuss whether Dream Massage has potentially violated any employment discrimination laws. Analyze ethical considerations associated with the maintenance of a rigid company dress policy. Cite a minimum of three references.

QUESTION 57 Imagine a community with a biodiversity of 25 species. One species is hunted to extinction by humans, after which the community is protected from any human intervention. However, a year later, you find that biodiversity is down to 5 species. What does this tell you about the species that went extinct due to hunting? It must have been a producer. It was a virulent pathogen. It was a weak competitor. It may have been a keystone species. It must have been a predator. 1 points

QUESTION 58 In plants, the _______________ are female structures. archegonia and ovule antheridia pollen grains stamens stamen and pollen antheridia and archegonia 1 points QUESTION 59 Which of the following was not one of the observations or inferences that Darwin made relating to his theory of evolution by natural selection? Traits are inherited by offspring if the traits are heritable. Individuals with advantageous traits are more likely to survive and reproduce. All species are capable of reproducing more offspring than the environment can support. Traits that an individual develops during their lifetime are inherited by their offspring. The traits within a population vary. 1 points

QUESTION 60 Which plant tissues are diploid? microspores megaspores gametophyte zygote

Case let

The client was a petrochemical plant with 1,000 employees in a North American corporation. . . . At the plant, we were greeted with statements of goals ranging from hard-nosed interest in increasing productivity to enlightened aspirations for improving human relations in the organization. But whether the outcomes desired of OD were utilitarian or humanitarian, the nature of OD was, for virtually all members of the organization, shrouded in mystery. As is generally true, prospective clients in this organization had a difficult time understanding what they were getting themselves into. At a meeting to discuss the possibility of working with cross-functional task forces, for example, the consultants sketched in typical fashion the outlines of a team-building scenario. They stressed the importance of the group’s willingness to help themselves, held out the possibility of increased self-awareness, and emphasized the absence of any guarantees of improved effectiveness. In response, one member of the task force remarked, “This is the strangest sales pitch I’ve ever heard”
.
Required Question:
Question 01: In the above scenario how would you describe the organization development (OD) process to a potential client?
Question 02: Illustrate the OD practitioner role in an initial client meeting?

-budgeted income statement – direct materials budget – production budget – sales budget

-sales budget – production budget – direct materials budget – budgeted income statement

Who would typically be responsible for the direct material quantity variance?

-the production manager

-the chief financial officer

-the purchasing manager

-the human resources manager

Which of the following is not a component of the operating budget?

-sales budget

-selling and administrative budget

-Budgeted balance sheet

-raw materials purchases budget

Top-down budgeting is:

-when the local managers impose a budget on the top management

-when customers impose a budget on top management of the company.

-when top management sets the budget and imposes it on lower levels of the organization

-when top management imposes a budget on the board of directors.

The number of units included in the production budget:

-are always the same as the number of units in the sales budget.

-depends on the raw materials purchases budget.

-is based on the number of units in the sales budget, and increased for increases in the selling and administrative expense budget to account for increased demand.

-may differ from the number of units in the sales budget, depending on ending inventory goals.

1. (3pts) How would you describe the condition of respiratory acidosis? What would be the response within the respiratory system to this condition? What would be the response of the urinary system to this condition?

2. (2pts) What are the major buffer systems in the body?

3. (3pts) As you’re probably aware the human body is approximately 60% (with large individual variation) water. How is water distributed within the body?  Be sure to address where it is found, what differences exist between location, and what forces act on water within the body to cause it to change location.

4. (4pts) What are the sources of water gain and loss in the body? What are they for sodium?  How are they connected?

5. (3pts) A person has a tumor in the adrenal cortex that continuously secretes large amounts of aldosterone. What effects does this have on the total amount of sodium and potassium in her body?

6. (3pts) Describe the detection of and response to low blood pressure in the body. Be sure to place this scenario into the context of a homeostatic mechanism, and clearly identify the structures that act as receptors, integrating center and effectors. You should identify specific mechanisms of reaction and the systems involved.

1. What are the three main functions of the lymphatic system?

2. What is lymph? What is the normal composition of lymph? How does the composition of lymph differ from that of blood?

3. Describe the structure of lymphatic capillaries emphasizing on the unique features.

4. Which major body regions drain lymph to the right lymphatic duct?

5. What is lymphedema? What can cause lymphedema?

6. What are the functions of the spleen? If your spleen were removed [splenectomy], would you be able to fight off illness or infections effectively? Why or why not?

7. What is the role of the thymus in the human body?

8. If your tonsils are removed, how does your body develop an immune response against antigens in the throat?

9. The radical mastectomy is an operation in which a cancerous breast, surrounding tissues, and the underlying muscles of the anterior thoracic wall, plus the axillary lymph nodes, are removed. After such an operation, the arm usually swells, or becomes edematous, and is very uncomfortable -- sometimes for months. Why?

10. Could humans live without a lymphatic system? Explain why or why not.

11. Why do lymph nodes enlarge when you are sick?