c program

//the file's size in bytes
unsigned int fileSize(const char* name){
    return 0;
}

//same as fileSize except if the file is a directory then it recursively finds the size of directory and all files it contains
unsigned int fileSizeRec(const char* name){
    return 0;
}

using matlab:

1- Using ‘input’ command, ‘prompt’ your name and ask for a grade (A, B, C, D, F should be accepted only, otherwise it should ask again)

2- Use ‘display’ command for the previous problem and display your name and your grade

QUESTION 1

1. Assume that the two samples of five cereal boxes (one sample for each of two cereal varieties) listed on the TCCACCTC Web site were collected randomly by organization members. For each sample, assume that the population distribution of individual weight is normally distributed, the average weight is indeed 368 grams and the standard deviation of the process is 15 grams, and obtain the following using Excel and PHStat:

   Weights of Oxford O’s boxes
   360.4
   361.8
   362.3
   364.2
   371.4
   
   Weights of Alpine Frosted Flakes with Vitamins & Minerals boxes
   366.1
   367.2
   365.6
   367.8
   373.5 All answers should be accurate to 2 decimal places.

2. (a) For the Oxford's O:

      (i) The value of the sample mean =

      (ii) The proportion of all samples for each process that would have a sample mean less than the value you calculated in step (a)(i) =

      (iii) The proportion of all the individual boxes of cereal that would have a weight less than the value you calculated in step (a)(i) =

      (iv) The probability that an individual box of cereal will weigh less than 368 grams =

      (v) The probability that 4 out of the 5 boxes sampled will weigh less than 368 grams =

      (vi) The lower limit of the 95% confidence interval for the population average weight =

      (vii) The upper limit of the 95% confidence interval for the population average weight =

   (b) For the Alpine Frosted Flakes:

      (i) The value of the sample mean =

      (ii) The proportion of all samples for each process that would have a sample mean less than the value you calculated in step (b)(i) =

      (iii) The proportion of all the individual boxes of cereal that would have a weight less than the value you calculated in step (b)(i) =

      (iv) The probability that an individual box of cereal will weigh less than 368 grams =

      (v) The probability that 4 out of the 5 boxes sampled will weigh less than 368 grams =

      (vi) The lower limit of the 95% confidence interval for the population average weight =

      (vii) The upper limit of the 95% confidence interval for the population average weight =

QUESTION 2

1. Oxford Cereals then conducted a public experiment in which it claimed it had successfully debunked the statements of groups such as the TriCities Consumers Concerned About Cereal Companies That Cheat (TCCACCTC) that claimed that Oxford Cereals was cheating consumers by packaging cereals at less than labeled weights. Review the Oxford Cereals' press release and supporting documents that describe the experiment at the company's Web site and then answer the following assuming that now you have no information about the mean and standard deviation of the population distribution of the weight of all boxes of the cereal produced:

   Weight
   351.8
   360.65
   372.74
   382.96
   375.28
   352.16
   374.15
   361.8
   366.67
   398.86
   384.34
   367.53
   361.59
   364.47
   382.93
   366.88
   368.14
   408.19
   356.03
   379.27
   380.38
   386.44
   378.72
   342.05
   380.29
   361.1
   355.11
   387
   346.86
   391.94
   366.3
   350.52
   397.27
   349
   373.78
   384.04
   392.55
   361.98
   377.07
   390.88
   395.86
   370.21
   380.66
   389.33
   361.15
   386.74
   353
   354.22
   374.24
   363.77
   352.08
   364.11
   359.79
   367.12
   375.84
   343.29
   357.7
   384.75
   380.72
   356.22
   389.72
   375.28
   380.44
   379.14
   364.64
   379.63
   369.29
   337.1
   371.42
   347.63
   363.86
   381.28
   379.21
   366.26
   365.15
   351.33
   375.91
   363.32
   357.96
   375.58

   All answers should be accurate to 2 decimal places.

   (a) For a two-tailed t-test on whether the population mean weight is equal to 368g:

      (i) The value of the t-test statistic is =

      (ii) The p-value of the t-test statistic is =

      (iii) The lower-critical value is =

      (iv) The upper-critical value is =

   (b) For an upper-tailed t-test on whether the population mean weight is more than 368g:

      (i) The value of the t-test statistic is =

      (ii) The p-value of the t-test statistic is =

      (iii) The upper-critical value is =

   (c) For the 95% confidence interval for the population average weight:

      (i) The lower limit =

      (ii) The upper limit =

NOTE: THIS IS ALL INFORMATION PROVIDED

Eric Mendes and Becky Conners, each age 42, married on September 7, 2016. Eric and Becky will file a joint return for 2018. Eric’s Social Security number is 444-55-6667. Becky’s Social Security number is 321-21-4321. Becky adopted Mendes as her married name. They live at 4450 Emerald Street, Los Angeles, California 90032.

Eric divorced his former wife, Sara Mendes, in March of 2016. Under the divorce agreement Eric pays Sara $1,250 per month for the next 10 years or until Sara’s death, whichever comes first. During 2018, Eric made all twelve payments to her. In addition, Eric paid Sara $22,000 which is designated as being for her share of the marital property. Eric and Sara had no children. Sara’s Social Security number is 677-76-9292.

Eric’s 2018 salary is $150,000. He is an executive working for Maple Manufacturing Company. As part of his compensation package, Maple provides him with group term life insurance equal to twice his annual salary. His employer withheld $25,000 for federal income taxes and $8,500 for California income taxes.

Becky recently graduated from law school and is employed by the law firm of Davis and Davis. She received a salary of $85,000 in 2018. Her employer withheld $9,000 for federal income taxes and $4,000 for California income taxes.

Eric and Becky had $550 of interest income from Bank of America. They received a $1,900 refund on their 2017 California income tax return during the year. They itemized deductions during 2017 (itemized deductions exceeded their standard deduction by $600). During 2018 they paid $7,200 of mortgage interest and $8,000 of property taxes on their personal residence. They made charitable cash contributions of $1,800 to their church during 2018. Both spouses had health insurance the entire year and do not want to contribute to the Presidential Election Campaign.

Prepare Eric and Becky’s 2018 federal income tax return. Part of your assignment is to select the forms necessary to prepare this income tax return. Forms are available at IRS.gov

Alfred E. Old and Beulah A. Crane, each age 42, married on September 7, 2016. Alfred and Beulah will file a joint return for 2018. Alfred’s Social Security number is 111-11- 1112. Beulah’s Social Security number is 123-45-6789, and she adopted “Old” as her married name. They live at 211 Brickstone Drive, Atlanta, GA 30304.

Alfred was divorced from Sarah Old in March 2016. Under the divorce agreement, Alfred is to pay Sarah $1,250 per month for the next 10 years or until Sarah’s death, whichever occurs first. Alfred pays Sarah $15,000 in 2018. In addition, in January 2018, Alfred pays Sarah $50,000, which is designated as being for her share of the marital property. Also, Alfred is responsible for all prior years’ income taxes. Sarah’s Social Security number is 123-45-6788.

Alfred’s salary for 2018 is $150,000, and his employer, Cherry, Inc. (Federal I.D. No. 98-7654321), provides him with group term life insurance equal to twice his annual salary. His employer withheld $24,900 for Federal income taxes and $8,000 for state income taxes. The proper amounts were withheld for FICA taxes. Beulah recently graduated from law school and is employed by Legal Aid Society, Inc. (Federal I.D. No. 11-1111111), as a public defender. She receives a salary of $42,000 in 2018. Her employer withheld $7,500 for Federal income taxes and $2,400 for state income taxes. The proper amounts were withheld for FICA taxes.

Alfred and Beulah had interest income of $500. They receive a $1,900 refund on their 2017 state income taxes. They itemized deductions on their 2017 Federal income tax return (total of $15,000). Alfred and Beulah pay $4,500 interest and $1,450 property taxes on their personal residence in 2018. Their charitable contributions total $2,400 (all to their church). They paid sales taxes of $1,400, for which they maintain the receipts. Both spouses had health insurance for all months of 2018 and do not want to contribute to the Presidential Election Campaign. Compute the Olds’ net tax payable (or refund due) for 2018. If you use tax forms for your solution, you will need Form 1040 and Schedules A

Methane, a powerful greenhouse gas, is generated via the anaerobic decomposition of solid waste in landfills. Collecting the methane for use as a gaseous fuel rather than allowing it to be released to the atmosphere provides an alternative to natural gas as an energy source and has a beneficial effect on the environment. If a batch of waste with mass M(tonnes) [1 tonne or 1 metric ton = 1000 kg] is deposited in a landfill at t=0, the rate of generation of methane at a later time t is given by the following equation V CH4 (t) = kL o M waste e -kt where: V CH4 (SCM CH 4 /y) = methane generation rate [SCM = m 3 (STP)] K = rate constant (y -1 ), a measure of how fast the waste decomposes L o = landfill gas yield potential [SCM CH 4 /tonne waste] M waste = tonnes of waste deposited at t= 0
a. Explain in your own words the benefits of reducing the release of methane from landfills and using the methane as a fuel instead of natural gas.
b. Starting with the above equation, derive an expression for the mass generation rate of M CH4 (t)[tonnes CH 4 /y]. Without doing any calculations, sketch the shape of a plot of M CH4 vs t from t=0 to t = 3y, and graphically show on the plot the total masses of methane generated in YEARS 1, 2, and 3 (Hint: Remember your calculus.) Then derive an expression for M CH4 (t)(tonnes CH 4 ), the total methane generated from t =0 to an arbitrary time t.
c. A new landfill has a yield potential L o = 100 SCM CH 4 /tonne waste and a rate constant k = 0.04y -1 . At the beginning of its first year, 48,000 tonnes of waste are deposited. Calculate the tonnes of methane generated from this deposit over a three-year period.
d. A junior engineer solving the problem of Part c calculates the methane produced in three years from the 48,000 waste deposit as M CH4 (t=3) = M CH4 (t=0){tonnes CH 4 /y}x 1y + M CH4 (t=1)x1 + M CH4 (t=2)x1 where M CH4 is given by the first expression derived in Part b.
-- -- -- Briefly state what the engineer is assuming about the rate of methane generation
-- -- -- - Calculate the value she would determine and the percentage error in her calculation, and show graphically what the calculated value corresponds to on another sketch of M CH4 vs t.
-- -- - The answer to Part c is 390 tonnes CH 4 . When one of the text authors first did the calculation of M, the result was 210 tonnes CH 4 . The author immediately knew that something had to be wrong in the calculation. Explain her reasoning.
e. The following amounts of waste are deposited in the landfill on January 1 in each of three consecutive years: Waste (tonnes) Year 1 48,000 Year 2 45,000 Year 3 54,000 Calculate the metric tons of methane generated through December 31 of the third year.
f. One way to avoid the environmental hazard of methane generation is to incinerate the waste before it has a chance to decompose. What problems might this alternative process introduce?

                
IPG Photonics Corporation                          
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS                          
amounts in thousands, except share and per share data                          
   "December 31,
2017"       "December 31,
2016"           Increase (Decrease)  
                          
ASSETS   Amount   Percent   Amount   Percent       Amount   Percent
Current Assets:                          
Cash and cash equivalents   $909,900        $623,855    34.9%          
Short-term investments   206,257        206,779    11.6%          
Accounts receivable, net   237,278        155,901    8.7%          
Inventories   307,712        239,010    13.4%          
Prepaid income taxes   44,944        34,128    1.9%          
Prepaid expenses and other current assets   47,919        41,289    2.3%          
Total Current Assets   1,754,010    74.1%   1,300,962    72.7%       453,048    34.8%
Long-Term Assets:                          
Deferred income taxes, net   26,976    1.1%   42,442    2.4%       (15,466)   (36.4%)
Goodwill   55,831    2.4%   19,828    1.1%       36,003    181.6%
Intangible assets, net   51,223    2.2%   28,789    1.6%       22,434    77.9%
Property, plant and equipment, net   460,206    19.4%   379,375    21.2%       80,831    21.3%
Other assets   19,009    0.8%   18,603    1.0%       406    2.2%
TOTAL ASSETS   $2,367,255    100.0%   $1,789,999    100.0%       $577,256    32.2%
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY                          
Current Liabilities                          
Current portion of long-term debt   3,604    0.2%   3,188    0.2%       416    13.0%
Accounts payable   35,109    1.5%   28,048    1.6%       7,061    25.2%
Accrued expenses and other liabilities   144,417    6.1%   102,485    5.7%       41,932    40.9%
Income taxes payable   15,773    0.7%   24,554    1.4%       (8,781)   (35.8%)
Total Current Liabilities   198,903    8.4%   158,275    8.8%       40,628    25.7%
"Deferred income taxes and other Long-Term
      Liabilities"   100,652    4.3%   36,365    2.0%       64,287    176.8%
Long-Term Debt, net of current portion   45,378    1.9%   37,635    2.1%       7,743    20.6%
Total Liabilities   344,933    14.6%   232,275    13.0%       112,658    48.5%
STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY                          
Common stock, $0.0001 par value; 175,000,000 shares authorized; 54,007,708 shares issued and 53,629,439 shares outstanding at December 31, 2017; 53,354,579 shares issued and 53,251,805 shares outstanding at December 31, 2016   5    0.0%   5    0.0%       -     0.0%
Additional paid-in capital   704,727    29.8%   650,974    36.4%       53,753    8.3%
Retained earnings   1,443,867    61.0%   1,094,108    61.1%       349,759    32.0%
Treasury stock, at cost (378,269 shares at 12/31/17 and 102,774 shares at 12/31/2016)   (48,933)   (2.1%)   (8,946)   (0.5%)       (39,987)   447.0%
Accumulated other comprehensive loss   (77,344)   (3.3%)   (178,583)   (10.0%)       101,239    (56.7%)
Noncontrolling interests   -    0.0%   166    0.0%       (166)   N/A
Total Stockholders’ Equity   2,022,322    85.4%   1,557,724    87.0%       464,598    29.8%
TOTAL LIABILITIES & STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY   $2,367,255    100.0%   $1,789,999    100.0%       $577,256    32.2%

SEE THE INSTRUCTIONS IN THE CANVAS MODULE BEFORE BEGINNING THIS ASSIGNMENT.

Use the information you calculated in the yellow cells of the "IPG Photonics Horizontal and Vertical Analysis" file (available in the Canvas module). Remember, there are two sheets (the Balance Sheet and the Income Statement) in that file. Enter the answers below and Check your Work. After getting all correct answers, make any necessary corrections in the Excel file, then use that file to help you complete the Analysis Questions in the Canvas module.

For the vertical analysis answers, write your answers with one decimal place, and do not type the % sign.

For IPG Photonics year ended December 31, 2017:

Cash and cash equivalents as a percent of Total Assets %

Short-term investments as a percent of Total Assets %

Accounts receivable, net as a percent of Total Assets %

Inventories as a percent of Total Assets %

Prepaid income taxes as a percent of Total Assets %

Prepaid expenses and other current assets as a percent of Total Assets %

Gross Profit as a percent of Net Sales %

Operating Income as a percent of Net Sales %

For the horizontal analysis answers, write the dollar amounts with no decimal places.

Include all the zeros in the answers. Remember, the amounts in the financial statements are all in thousands, so the amount of increase or decrease is also in thousands of dollars. Do not type commas in the numbers.

Write the percents with one decimal place. Do not type the percent sign.

For both the dollars and percents, use a minus sign before the number if there is a decrease.

Amount of increase (decrease) in Cash and cash equivalents from Dec. 31, 2016 to Dec. 31, 2017 $

Percent of increase (decrease) in Cash and cash equivalents from Dec. 31, 2016 to Dec. 31, 2017 %

Amount of increase (decrease) in Short-term investment from Dec. 31, 2016 to Dec. 31, 2017 $

Percent of increase (decrease) in Short-term investments from Dec. 31, 2016 to Dec. 31, 2017 %

Amount of increase (decrease) in Accounts receivable, net from Dec. 31, 2016 to Dec. 31, 2017 $

Percent of increase (decrease) in Accounts receivable, net from Dec. 31, 2016 to Dec. 31, 2017 %

Amount of increase (decrease) in Inventories from Dec. 31, 2016 to Dec. 31, 2017 $

Percent of increase (decrease) in Inventories from Dec. 31, 2016 to Dec. 31, 2017 %

Amount of increase (decrease) in Prepaid income taxes from Dec. 31, 2016 to Dec. 31, 2017 $

Percent of increase (decrease) in Prepaid income taxes from Dec. 31, 2016 to Dec. 31, 2017 %

Amount of increase (decrease) in Prepaid expenses and other current assets from Dec. 31, 2016 to Dec. 31, 2017 $

Percent of increase (decrease) in Prepaid expenses and other current assets from Dec. 31, 2016 to Dec. 31, 2017 %

For the following description of​ data, identify the​ W's, name the​ variables, specify for each variable whether its use indicates it should be treated as categorical or​ quantitative, and for any quantitative variable identify the units in which it was measured​ (or note that they were not​ provided). Specify whether the data come from a designed survey or experiment. Are the variables time series or​ cross-sectional? Report any concerns you have as well.

A certain horse race has been run every year since

18711871

in a city. The accompanying table shows the official race data for the first two races and two recent races.

Identify the​ "who." Choose the correct answer below.

A.

The horses that competed in the​ city's horse races

B.

The​ city's horse races

C.

Horse races

D.

This information is not given.

Identify the​ "what." Choose the correct answer below.

A.

​Year, winner,​ margin, jockey,​ winner's payoff,​ duration, track condition

B.

​Year, margin,​ winner's payoff, duration

C.

​Winner, jockey, track condition

D.

This information is not given.

Identify the​ "when." Choose the correct answer below.

A.

May

B.

18711871​-20052005

C.

18711871​,

18721872​,

20042004​,

and 20052005

D.

This information is not given.

Identify the​ "where." Choose the correct answer below.

A.

All race tracks in the state

B.

The city where the horse races took place

C.

United States

D.

This information is not given.

Identify the​ "why." Choose the correct answer below.

A.

To see if the same horse won in multiple years

B.

To maintain a list of the winners

C.

To compare the times of the winners from year to year

D.

This information is not given.

Identify the​ "how." Choose the correct answer below.

A.

A chronic better recorded the data.

B.

A random sample of races was taken.

C.

Official statistics were collected at the time of the race.

D.

This information is not given.

Specify the categorical variables for this problem. Select all that apply.

A.

Winner

B.

Jockey

C.

Track Condition

D.

​Winner's payoff

E.

Duration

F.

Year

G.

Margin

H.

There are no categorical variables.

Specify the quantitative variables and identify the units for this problem. Select all that apply.

A.

​Year; the units are years

B.

​Winner's payoff; the units are dollars

C.

​Winner; the units not specified

D.

Track​ condition; the units not specified

E.

​Jockey; the units not specified

F.

​Duration; the units are minutes and seconds

G.

​Margin; the units are lenghts

H.

There are no quantitative variables.

Specify whether the data come from a designed survey or experiment. Choose the correct answer below.

A.

Experiment

B.

Designed survey

C.

This information cannot be determined by the given data.

Are the variables time series or​ cross-sectional?

Time series

​Cross-sectional

Neither

Specify any concerns. Select all that apply.

A.

The data sample size was too large.

B.

There are too many quantitative variables.

C.

The data collection was done incorrectly.

D.

There are no specific concerns.