EPIDEMIOLOGY QUESTION

60. Investigators explored the relationship between coffee drinking and osteoporosis using a case-control study. They calculated the overall odds ratio and odds ratios among smokers and non-smokers. The results are shown below. OR (overall) = 2.20 OR (smokers) = 5.0 OR (non-smokers) = 1.0 In this example, would smoking be best considered an effect modifier, mediator, or confounder for the relationship between coffee consumption and osteoporosis? A. Confounder B. Mediator C. Effect modifier

For a system corresponding mainly to a uniform electric field, the flashover voltage is slightly lower than the breakdown voltage of air alone, for the same electrode gaps. The decrease in the flashover voltage is due to the presence of small air pockets between the electrodes and solid dielectric, the influence of moisture and the non-uniformity of the electric field resulting of the difference between the permittivity of both the solid and that of air. The non-uniformity of electric field increases with the voltage because of the surface charging that takes place in this situation.

1. What does electronegativity measure?
2. What makes a bond polar?
3. Indicate which bonds are polar in the molecules below by drawing their Lewis structure and drawing in dipole moments. If it is non-polar write N/A.
   1. CH₃F                     b. HOCl                c. Br₂                   d. CH₃CH₃            e. HCOOH

4.For the molecules in question two, redraw their Lewis structure and indicate the molecule dipole.

A) Label the hybridization (sp, sp², sp³, sp³d) of each non-hydrogen atom in the molecule below.

Consider non-dissociative adsorption. Assuming both adsorption and desorption are first-order processes, write down an expression for the coverage of an adsorbate as a function of time. The system is at a temperature T, there is only one component in the gas phase above the surface at pressure p and the saturation surface coverage is given by qmax. Assume adsorption is non-activated and that the sticking is direct. Hint: Start by writing d? (t) dt =? 0 d?(t) dt = r ads ? r des

Tobramycin in an antibiotic commonly prescribed for bacterial conjectivitis (pink-eye). Tobramycin works by inhibiting the assembly of the 30S and 50S ribosomal subunits.

a. Would mRNA binding and initiator tRNA binding still be likely to occur in bacteria undergoing tobramycin treatment? Briefly explain your rationale.

b. Both the 30S and 40S ribosomal subunits contain non-coding RNAs with ribozyme activity. Name and briefly describe the role of one other non-coding RNA in the cell.

Compliance measures are used in many cases to ensure the safety, quality and suitability of a product for a given market. However, compliance and certification process is sometimes used to make market entry more difficult for non-host company suppliers.

Provide three examples of compliance being used for any of these "goals" (or more than one of them). Non-US only. Dig a little deeper than page 1. What was the outcome of the compliance requirements in the host market.

Celebrity Inc. has the following shares outstanding at December 31, 2019:

Common shares, $1,500,000 no par value, 10,000 shares issued and outstanding, unlimited number authorized.

Preferred shares, $200,000, $5.00, no par value, non voting shares, 2,000 shares issued and outstanding.

The preferred shares are cumulative and non-participating.

   Dividends have not been declared for the past two years.

   Dividends declared are $30,000.

What is the total common share dividends?

1. A Pareto efficient allocation of resources occurs where:

a. no individual can be made better off without making another worse off.

b. there is justice in the distribution of income and wealth MSB>MSC

c. MSB>MSC

d. all of the above

2. A public good is:

a) Any good traded in markets

b) A good that is non-excludable and non-rival in consumption

c) A good provided only to those who pay for it

d) Rarely provided by the government

An inspection by a quality officer found that in a large shipment of electronic parts, 0.025 are bad. The parts are tested using a machine that correctly identifies bad parts as defective with a probability of 0.96 and correctly identifies good parts as non-defective with a probability of 0.92.

(a) If a part is randomly sampled from the shipment and tested, calculate the probability that the testing machine identifies the part as defective.

(b) Given that the test indicates a non-defective part, calculate the probability that the part is truly good?