Synthesis of banana oil

this is my discussion and below it is the professors comments. Can you correct it for me?

Discussion:

            The purpose of the experiment performed was to synthesize isopentyl acetate, or more commonly known as banana oil, from isopentyl alcohol and glacial acetic acid. Both liquids were combined and remained clear until the addition of concentrated sulfuric acid. The addition of an acid caused a reaction to occur that resulted in a polymer, which gave the mixture color. The liquid turned dark brown when the polymer formed. The polymer was removed via distillation.

            After creating the ester, the biggest challenge was separating it from all the other chemicals in the flask, which include water, acetic acid, sulfuric acid, and isopentyl alcohol. The isopentyl acetate is not soluble in water; so two layers are created in the separatory funnel. While the product will not dissolve in water, both acetic acid and sulfuric acid are. Since the acids are also slightly in the organic layer, sodium bicarbonate is used to convert the acids into a salt, which is soluble in water, as seen in Figure 2. The sodium bicarbonate reaction also produces carbonic acid, which is unstable and will break down into water and CO₂ as seen in Figure 3. The little amount of unreacted isopentyl alcohol is separated by removing the first ten drops of product during the distillation. This is possible because it has a lower boiling point then the ester that is produced.

            This whole reaction was first done and called the Fischer esterification. The general reaction scheme can be seen above. In the experiment, isopentyl alcohol and acetic acid react in the presence of sulfuric acid to form isopentyl acetate. This reaction mechanism can be seen below in Figure 5.

Figure 5 – Fischer esterification mechanism

In the reaction above, Acetic acid takes a proton from concentrated sulfuric acid. Then it reacts with isopropentyl alcohol. Delocalization of electrons and protons in later steps leads to elimination of water molecule to form final product.

            During the distillation, the temperature was recorded for the boiling point of isopentyl acetate. It was found to be at 129 degrees Celsius. This is low compared to the literature value of 142 degrees Celsius. This difference is believed to be due to the different typed of thermometers used to record the boiling point. The literature value most likely used a mercury thermometer, while the experiment performed used an alcohol thermometer. Alcohol thermometers are not as accurate as mercury thermometers, but have to be used due a law banning mercury thermometers in the state of New Jersey. Because of this, not much can be said about the purity of the substance obtained.

            While an NMR was not taking during the experiment, nor was an IR spectrum, attached is both an NMR example and an IR example of isopentyl acetate. On the NMR sheet, all hydrogen peaks are labeled on a drawing of the molecule, and all the information is written in the chart. On the IR sheet, peaks above 1500 cm^-1 are labeled for what they are believed to be. While the pictures were found from a reputable source, they were not from the experiment performed so one cannot be perfectly sure that the desired substance was obtained.

            The last topic for the reaction was the product loss. Most organic reactions are not perfect and have relatively low yields. The 42 percent yield was most likely due to side reactions occurring in the flask. Since there were several chemicals in the flask together, side reactions are bound to occur, creating a lower yield. For example, a polymer was formed which changed the color of the flask. This was not intended to happen so this reaction lowered the yield of the experiment.

professors comments.

You need to explain what substances should have been in the flask at the end of refluxing. Show a flow

diagram of the purification process. You did an extraction, a drying and a distillation.

Alcohol thermometers are quite accurate in the range they are designed to function. This type of

alcohol thermometer was not designed to work around 142 degrees C.

Treat the NMR and IR spectra as if they were obtained by you for your product. You should have tables

in your Results Section for IR, NMR and GC. You should discuss these results in more detail in the

discussion. What do we learn from each measurement.

Give more details of the many causes for obtaining less than 100% Yield.

Discuss whether this experiment is a good example of Green Chemistry. Does the Atom efficiency make

it a good candidate. Does the Reaction efficiency make it a good example of Green chemistry. What

about other things.

1. The natural law theory is composed of all but which of the following concepts.

a.There are certian legal values or value judgments.

b.Legal values are constantly changing.

c.Legal values can be determined by human reason.

d.Once legal values are determined, they supersede any form of human law.

2. The only court created by the U.S. Constitution is the U.S.:

a.Claims Court.

b.Court of Appeals.

c.District Court.

d.Supreme Court.

3. The power of judicial review, that is the power of the federal court to review and determine the meaning and effect of federal law:

a.is found in Article 3 of the U.S. Constitution.

b.is found in an enabling statute.

c.was created by the U.S. Supreme Court.

d.was authorized by an executive order.

4. A federal court has subject matter jurisdiction in both of the following situations.

a.The case involves a political question and a federal question.

b.The case involves a state claim (whether or not the claim is based on diversity jurisdiction), or there is a pendent state claim.

c.The case involves a federal question or a state based claim based on diversity jurisdiction.

d.None of the above.

5. Statutes that allow courts to exercise personal jurisdiction over defendants who are not domiciliaries of the state based upon minimum contacts are called:

a.jurisdictional statutes.

b.personam statutes.

c.extraterritorial statutes.

d.long-arm statutes.

6. The primary source of the federal government's power to regulate business is the:

a. Supremeacy Clause.

b. Commerce Clause

c. Contract Clause.

d. Privilege and Immunities Clause.

7.All of the following types of speech are protected under the First Amendment, except.

a.Offensive speech.

b.Political speech.

c.Speech that incites immediate violence.

d.Commercial speech.

8.When applying the equal protection clause, which of the following classifications is clearly a suspect class?

a. Those directed at age.

b. Those directed at race.

c. Those directed at sexual preference.

d. All of the above.

9. The standards of review under the 14th Amendment Equal Protection clause are:

a. Strict scrutiny, moot case test and suspect class.

b. Procedural scrutiny, in rem scrutiny and mid-level scrutiny

c. Rational basis test, political test and advisory test.

d. Rational basis test, mid-level scrutiny, and strict scrutiny.

10. Charmane sued Gabrielle. Gabrielle made a motion for summary judgment. In order to prevail in this motion, Gabrielle must show that:

a.Charmane has no evidence supporting her case.

b.the judge made a prejudicial error.

c.Charmane has failed to state a claim upon which relief can be granted.

d.there is no genuine issue of material fact.

QUESTION 15

1. Which of the following is NOT TRUE about the Rb pathway:

   		Rb is a tumor suppressor originally identified in retinoblastomas
   		Alfred Knudson noted that retinoblastomas can occur in either an inherited or a sporadic fashion in the 1960s
   		RB was cloned in the 1980s, after p53 was identified
   		Only young children develop retinoblastomas
   		RB is phosphorylated by CDKs, preventing binding to E2F

2 points   

QUESTION 16

1. Which of the following is NOT TRUE about p53:

   		in tumors lacking RB, p53 expression is high
   		it was originally thought to be an oncogene
   		it was first identified as binding to the human papilloma virus E7 protein
   		it is the most commonly mutated gene in human cancer
   		it is considered to be guardian of the genome

2 points   

QUESTION 17

1. Which ONE of the following is TRUE about “knock-out” & “knock-down” technologies

   		A knock-out of a tumor suppressor gene can cause cancer, while a knock-down cannot
   		A knock-out is a physical modification to the genome, while a knock-down affects only gene expression
   		There is no difference, they are just two different ways to describe genetic manipulation of the genome
   		A knock-out of an oncogene can cause cancer, while a knock-down cannot
   		A knock-out can be reversed and controlled, while a knock-down is a permanent modification

2 points   

QUESTION 18

1. Which ONE of the following is NOT TRUE about BCR-ABL:

   		the fusion protein is oncogenic because BCR retains ABL in the cytoplasm where it phosphorylates new substrates
   		the translocation is caused by bimolane, a topoisomerase inhibitor, used as a medical treatment in China
   		ABL is a tyrosine kinase in the Src family
   		the translocated chromosome is referred to as the Philadelphia chromosome
   		it is a fusion protein created by a reciprocal translocation found in chronic myelogenous leukemia

2 points   

QUESTION 19

1. Which ONE of the following is NOT TRUE about PML-RAR:

   		the translocation is caused by ionizing irradiation and found in Hiroshima and Nagasaki victims
   		it is a fusion protein created by a reciprocal translocation found in acute promyelocytic leukemia
   		the fusion protein retains the ability of the retinoic acid receptor (RAR) to bind retinoic acid and DNA
   		PML contains zinc fingers and a coiled-coil domain, which are important for maintaining the structure of nuclear bodies

2 points   

QUESTION 20

1. The CRISPR-Cas9 is a genome editing system. It was first discovered as…

   		The defense mechanism in bacteria against bacteriophages
   		The defense mechanism in bacteria against humans
   		The defense mechanism in zebrafish against bacteria
   		The defense mechanism in bacteria against macrophages
   		The defense mechanism in zebrafish against sharks

Read the fictional scenario and address the checklist items.

Secnario:

ROBolnc is a robotics software company with 100 employees located in South Bend, Indiana, in the United States. Until recently, the corporate culture had been established as a rigid culture that excluded families from company celebrations and in which everyone had an explicit job description. The company hires mostly locals, and only directors make any important decisions. The company has had a formal code of ethics but it has not be enforced. As a result, there have been increasing incidents of personnel doing consulting work for other companies outside of working hours. The CEO is concerned that their robotics software could be compromised. Lately, as the company's software has been increasingly sought out by robot-producing companies around the globe, the CEO realizes it is time to reimagine a more diverse, inclusive, and global type company, while adhering to an ethical code of conduct with uniform responses to infringement.

The CEO knows they will soon need to hire at least another 20 sales staff and additional software developers to address this increasing global demand. The CEP wants to restructure the company while keeping company costs down as much as possible.

Help ROBolnc.address the problems by completing the checklist items.

view the company's current organizational structure:

There are two V.P.'s one for finance and one for human resources. An accountant reports to the budget manager who reports to the V.P. of Finance and a recruiter reports the V.P.of Human resources. Then reporting to the two V.P.s and CEO are 4 directors. The director of production has 10 robot maintenance engineers (maintain the robots once on client site), 20 robot engineers (they design al parts), and 10 software engineers (who program the robots) all reporting to him. The director of sales has 2 assistants, 7 industrial sales staff and 7 medical sales staff reporting to her. The director of customer services has a customer services manager reporting to him and he in turn has and 14 call center customer service staff reporting to him,

Address the following items in your Assessment

1. Identify the characteristics needed to implement a share ethical culture and explain how this will help the organization.

2. Explain how the ethical culture will be affected by the global context. Describe some of the global implications. (Use the Competing Values Framework in assessing the situation)

3. Analyze the current organizational structure and identify the key questions the executives need to answer in order to create the most effective and suitable organizational structure and culture.

4. Explain the importance of ethical leadership involved in implementing a new organization structure and suggest a possible new structure base on the Learning Activity.

After completing your education, you joined as an investment advisor in Sahyog Capital Ltd, one of the renowned limited liability partnership firms. Your job profile includes providing investment advice to individuals and corporates. You have been approached by Mr. Hasmukh bhai, he wants some help on investment related matters. Mr. Hasmukh bhai is currently 45 years old. He plans to work for 15 more years and retire at the age of 60. His present income is INR 4,50,000 per year. He expects his income to increase at the rate of 12 % p.a. until his retirement. Once he retires at the age of 60 years, he would like to withdraw INR 5,50,000 p.a. from his investment for the following 15 years (as he expects to live up to the age of 75 years). He also wants to bequeath INR 10,00,000 to his only son at the end of his life. 1) How much money would he need 15 years from now?

2) How much should he save each year for the next 15 years to be able to meet his investment objectives spelt out above? Mr. Hasmukh bhai wants to donate INR 2,00,000 each year in the last three years of his life to the orphanage home. Each donation would be made at the end of the year.

3) How much money does he needs when he reaches the age of 60 years to meet this specific donation need?

Mr. Hasmukh bhai attended a seminar on human capital where the speaker talked about a person’s human capital as the present value of his lifetime earnings. Mr. Hasmukh bhai is curious to find out the present value of his lifetime salary. For the sake of simplicity assume his present salary is INR 4,50,000 will be paid exactly one year from now (i.e. when he is 46 years old), and his salary will be paid in annual instalments. Remember that Mr Hasmukh bhai expects his salary to increase at the rate of 12% p.a. until his retirement. 4) What is the present value of his lifetime salary?

In this entire case assume inflow/outflow of income is happening at the end of the year. The discount rate is 10%. Also, ignore any tax factor.

PLEASE DO ALL 4 SHORT QUESTIONS IN EXCEL

Variable and Fixed Costs, Cost Formula, High-Low Method

Li Ming Yuan and Tiffany Shaden are the department heads for the accounting department and human resources department, respectively, at a large textile firm in the southern United States. They have just returned from an executive meeting at which the necessity of cutting costs and gaining efficiency has been stressed. After talking with Tiffany and some of her staff members, as well as his own staff members, Li Ming discovered that there were a number of costs associated with the claims processing activity. These costs included the salaries of the two paralegals who worked full time on claims processing, the salary of the accountant who cut the checks, the cost of claims forms, checks, envelopes, and postage, and depreciation on the office equipment dedicated to the processing. Some of the paralegals’ time appears to vary with the routine processing of uncontested claims, but considerable time also appears to be spent on the claims that have incomplete documentation or are contested. The accountant’s time appears to vary with the number of claims processed.

Li Ming was able to separate the costs of processing claims from the costs of running the departments of accounting and human resources. He gathered the data on claims processing cost and the number of claims processed per month for the past 6 months. These data are as follows:

Required:

1. Classify the claims processing costs that Li Ming identified as variable and fixed.

2. What is the independent variable?

What is the dependent variable?

3. Use the high-low method to find the fixed cost per month.
$

Use the high-low method to find the variable rate. Round to two decimal places.
$ per claim

What is the cost formula?
Total cost of claims processing = $ + ( $ per unit ×   )

4. Conceptual Connection: Suppose that an outside company bids on the claims processing business. The bid price is $4.60 per claim. If Tiffany expects 75,600 claims next year, should she outsource the claims processing or continue to do it in-house?

What your top three takeaways are from this article. As a supervisor or manager, how would you apply these points?

The most important influence on ethical behavior in the workplace is overall company culture, which determines whether employees are valued or belittled and whether stakeholders are treated with trust or suspicion. A company that bases its policies and decisions on deeply rooted ethics will create a culture in which employees are naturally disposed to act ethically, too. The type of integrity that is at the root of an ethical company culture cannot be faked or taught, but it can be contagious and inspiring. As Jill Young of South University's School of Business explains, "If you act with integrity, ethical behavior is just a natural progression."
Customer Service
The values that shape an ethical company culture influence the relationships that a business maintains with its customers. An ethical company will train employees to treat customers with dignity and respect, and to be fair and honest with them. Employees who see such behavior as an integral part of customer service will understand the depth of the company's commitment to ethical behavior. They will likely model their work accordingly because ethical behavior can inspire kindness, honesty and fairness.
Human Resources
Ethical human resource policies are vital to creating and maintaining an ethical company culture. Employees who are treated with basic decency are more likely to be content with their jobs. When employees feel exploited, they are prone to overt unethical behavior such as theft, as well as more subtle offenses such as using company resources for personal gain. When employees are fairly compensated for their work, they are likely to give more to the company and less inclined to take advantage of opportunities to cut corners or exploit situations for personal gain
Product Integrity
A company culture that inspires ethical behavior in its employees will probably provide products and services created with ethical values in mind. For example, a food business that uses optimally fresh ingredients handled in a clean and compliant facility most likely won't have to be dishonest with customers who get sick from eating the company's food. Employees who know they can stand behind the products they sell will probably be inspired to act ethically in other facets of their work life.
Competitive Integrity
Although a company's competitors are often seen as enemies, a truly ethical company extends its solid values to the way it treats its competitors as well as its stakeholders. Calling a competitor, pretending to be a customer and asking questions that you will use to create competing products is dishonest. Employees who are asked to engage in this type of behavior get the message that all company values are questionable, and this impression will interfere with your overall efforts to maintain an ethical workplace.

8. Outward shifts of the U.S. production possibilities frontier can be caused by

Group of answer choices

human actions such as wars and environmental pollution.

advances in technology and increases in human capital (education).

natural disasters such as earthquakes, hurricane, floods and epidemics.

the discovery and development of new sources of raw materials in Brazil, Canada, or Russia.

increasing the current production of consumption goods and decreasing the current production of capital goods.

1. In Question 8, mutual gain would result if ____ trades away ____ in return for ____.

Group of answer choices

the U.S., one car, 15 computers.

the U.S., five computers, one car.

the U.S., 15 computers, one car.

Canada, one car, 15 computers.

Canada, one computer, 15 cars.

9. Given 100 hours of labor, if the U.S. can produce either 1000 computers or 100 cars and Canada can produce either 800 computers or 40 cars, then

Group of answer choices

the U.S. has a comparative advantage (CA) in both computers and cars.

the U.S. has a CA in computers and should specialize in the production of computers.

the U.S. has a CA in cars and should specialize in the production of cars.

Canada has a CA in cars and should specialize in the production of cars.

Canada has a CA in computers and should specialize in the production of cars.

2. If (i) the price of pepperoni (a pizza topping or input) increases, (ii) pizza is a normal good in consumption, and, (iii) consumer income increases, then the equilibrium quantity of pizza

Group of answer choices

will decrease but the change in the equilibrium price of pizza is indeterminate.

will increase but the change in the equilibrium price of pizza is indeterminate.

may increase, decrease, or not change but equilibrium price of pizza will not change.

may increase, decrease, or not change but the equilibrium price of pizza will increase.

may increase, decrease, or not change but the equilibrium price of pizza will decrease.

32. If the demand for a good is inelastic, then (own) price elasticity coefficient E_d

Group of answer choices

equals 0 and so a 50% increase in price will not change the quantity demanded, Q^d.

is greater than 1 and so a 10% increase in price will decrease Q^d by more than 10%.

is less than 1 and so a 5% decrease in price will increase Q^d by less than 5%.

is less than 1 and so a 15% decrease in price will increase Q^d by more than 15%.

the demand curve is vertical.

42. If Bo Bob’s Burgers sells 200 deluxe burgers at $6 and 800 deluxe burgers at $4, then (using the midpoint formula) the (own) price elasticity of deluxe burger demand, Ed, is

Group of answer choices

0.33.

1.5.

2.67.

3.0.

10.0.

You are a recent college graduate with a bachelor’s degree in accounting and have little to no experience and applying for your first job. Write a cover letter to apply for this job posting.

be sure to distinguish your application with a persuasive cover letter or cover message. A cover letter/message has three purposes: (a) introduce your résumé, (b) highlight your strengths in terms of benefits to the employer, and (c) help you gain an interview.

Job Posting:

Entry Level/Recent Graduates

Concorde Staffing Group

We are always actively seeking Recent College Graduates and Entry Level candidates for various opportunities throughout Westchester and Lower Fairfield Counties.

If you're looking to start your career, get back into the workforce, or embarking upon a career change, we want to hear from you! Our clients are among the most sought-out companies in the area who offer excellent benefits and perks, convenient and accessible locations, and excellent growth potential.

We are here to help you find the job that best suits you. We offer temporary, temp to permanent, and permanent placement services in a variety of job disciplines and industries including:

Accounting/Finance

Administrative

Banking

Legal

Human Resources

Real Estate

Medical Office Support

Miscellaneous

If you are interested in exploring employment opportunities, submit your resume today. We are a well-seasoned and dedicated team that can make all the difference in finding the right job for you.

Job Type: Full-time

Job Posting:

Entry Level/Recent Graduates

Concorde Staffing Group

We are always actively seeking Recent College Graduates and Entry Level candidates for various opportunities throughout Westchester and Lower Fairfield Counties.

If you're looking to start your career, get back into the workforce, or embarking upon a career change, we want to hear from you! Our clients are among the most sought-out companies in the area who offer excellent benefits and perks, convenient and accessible locations, and excellent growth potential.

We are here to help you find the job that best suits you. We offer temporary, temp to permanent, and permanent placement services in a variety of job disciplines and industries including:

Accounting/Finance

Administrative

Banking

Legal

Human Resources

Real Estate

Medical Office Support

Miscellaneous

If you are interested in exploring employment opportunities, submit your resume today. We are a well-seasoned and dedicated team that can make all the difference in finding the right job for you.

Job Type: Full-time

Cover letter:

The Wentworth Corporation is a mid-sized manufacturing company located in the metropolitan area of Atlanta, Georgia. In business for ten (10) years, it has become one of the area’s largest producers of Widgets. James Henderson and three (3) associates founded the company, which has slowly grown to employ 500 employees, primarily production workers, in its three (3) existing facilities. Henderson is the President and CEO of the corporation, and Mike Johnson is the newly appointed Manager of Human Resources. Wentworth has not employed a full-time HR manager in the past. Henderson is currently in the final stages of securing a major new account. If awarded to Wentworth, it would be a major accomplishment for the firm. However, the additional business would require setting up a new production facility in the state of Wisconsin and hiring 275 additional employees. Mike Johnson has had little experience in creating large staffing initiatives, and both he and Henderson are unsure how to proceed. Henderson and Johnson turn to HR Strategies, Inc., a consulting firm specializing in the functional areas of human resources. As a senior-level consultant in the staffing and recruitment division, you have been asked to head up the team designed to assist Wentworth in the development of a staffing initiative for the new facility. Your Stand-Alone Project responses should be both grammatically and mechanically correct and formatted in the same fashion as the project itself. In addition, you must appropriately cite all resources used in your response and document them in a bibliography using APA style.

Part D: Recruitment Process (40 points)

As the consultant for the Wentworth project, you have now completed your job analysis and know the types of jobs required to staff the Wisconsin manufacturing plant. The next step is to determine whether to use an internal or an external recruitment process to identify and attract job applicants to the new plant. In either case, there will be organizational, administrative, and strategic decisions to be made. As you begin the recruitment phase of the project, you must respond to the following questions. a. Should Wentworth use an external or an internal recruitment initiative? Why? b. Based on your answer to the first question, describe the following. a. Describe the major organizational and administrative decisions to be made including recruitment efforts, requisitions, contact development, budget, and developing a recruitment guide. b. Describe the strategic policy to be followed to implement the initiative; include the concept of targeted strategy, possible targeted sources, and your opinion on the best solution for implementation. c. Describe the communication methods to be used in attracting applicants to these jobs; include the message choice and medium in your discussion.