Quinine, C20H24N2O2, occurs naturally in the bark of the cinchona tree and was the first effective treatment for malaria. It is a diprotic base with Kb values of (the acidic protons are shown in red) C20H24N2O2 + H2O HC20H24N2O2+ + OH- Kb2 = 1.0 × 10-6 HC20H24N2O2+ + H2O H2C20H24N2O22+ + OH- Kb1 = 1.58 × 10-10

a) The recommended IV dose of quinine is 0.800 g/kg, that is, 0.800 g of quinine per 1 kg of water. If we assume that the density of the solution is 1.00 g/mL, what is the pH of this solution? The molar mass of quinine is 324.412 g/mol. For simplicity, abbreviate C20H24N2O2 as Q.

b) 100 mL of the solution from part a is then titrated with a solution of 0.010 M HCl. How many mL of HCl solution is required to reach the first equivalence point?

c) What is the pH at the first equivalence point?

d) What is the pH when 32.00 mL of HCl has been added?

e) What is the pH at the second equivalence point?

f) Quantitatively draw the resulting titration curve on the axes below. Be sure to label both axes, equivalence points and buffer regions. Be as accurate as use can and make use of your results for parts a-e. g) The pH in the stomach is often quite low, between 2 and 3. What species of quinine is predominant at a pH of 2.5?

h) The pH of blood is buffered at 7.4. What species of quinine is predominant at this pH?

1. (a) What is the Na⁺ concentration in each of the following solutions:

2.85 M sodium sulfate:

2.18 M sodium carbonate:

0.985 M sodium bicarbonate:

(b) What is the concentration of a lithium carbonate solution that is 0.395 M in Li⁺? M

2. A sample of 0.7160 g of an unknown compound containing barium ions (Ba²⁺) is dissolved in water and treated with an excess of Na₂SO₄. If the mass of the BaSO₄ precipitate formed is 0.6894 g, what is the percent by mass of Ba in the original unknown compound?

3. A 0.9080 g sample of a mixture of NaCl and KCl is dissolved in water, and the solution is then treated with an excess of AgNO₃ to yield 1.953 g of AgCl. Calculate the percent by mass of each compound in the mixture.

% mass NaCl

% mass KCl

4. The concentration of lead ions (Pb²⁺) in a sample of polluted water that also contains nitrate ions (NO₃⁻) is determined by adding solid sodium sulfate (Na₂SO₄) to exactly 500 mL of the water. Calculate the molar concentration of Pb²⁺ if 0.00260 g of Na₂SO₄ was needed for the complete precipitation of lead ions as PbSO₄.

5. Consider the reaction

H₂(g) + Cl₂(g) → 2HCl(g) Δ H = −184.6 kJ/mol

If 5.0 moles of H₂ reacts with 5.0 moles of Cl₂ to form HCl at 1.0 atm, what is Δ U for this reaction? Assume the reaction goes to completion and Δ V = 0 L.
(The conversion factor is 1 L atm = 101.3 J.)

F. Pierce Products Inc. is considering changing its capital structure. F. Pierce currently has no debt and no preferred stock, but it would like to add some debt to take advantage of low interest rates and the tax shield. Its investment banker has indicated that the pre-tax cost of debt under various possible capital structures would be as follows:

* Use the exact value of 2/3 in your calculations.

F. Pierce uses the CAPM to estimate its cost of common equity, r_s and at the time of the analaysis the risk-free rate is 7%, the market risk premium is 8%, and the company's tax rate is 40%. F. Pierce estimates that its beta now (which is "unlevered" because it currently has no debt) is 1. Based on this information, what is the firm's optimal capital structure, and what would be the weighted average cost of capital at the optimal capital structure? Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answers to two decimal places.

Debt:   %
Equity:   %
WACC:   %

F. Pierce Products Inc. is considering changing its capital structure. F. Pierce currently has no debt and no preferred stock, but it would like to add some debt to take advantage of low interest rates and the tax shield. Its investment banker has indicated that the pre-tax cost of debt under various possible capital structures would be as follows:

* Use the exact value of 2/3 in your calculations.

F. Pierce uses the CAPM to estimate its cost of common equity, r_s and at the time of the analaysis the risk-free rate is 7%, the market risk premium is 8%, and the company's tax rate is 40%. F. Pierce estimates that its beta now (which is "unlevered" because it currently has no debt) is 1. Based on this information, what is the firm's optimal capital structure, and what would be the weighted average cost of capital at the optimal capital structure? Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answers to two decimal places.

Debt:   %
Equity:   %
WACC:   %

At a recent seminar you attended, the invited speaker was discussing some of the advantages and disadvantages of standard costs in terms of evaluating performance and motivating goal-congruent behavior on the part of employees. One criticism of standard costs in particular caught your attention: The use of conventional standard costs may not provide appropriate incentives for improvements needed to compete effectively with world-class organizations. The speaker then discussed so-called continuous-improvement standard costs. Such standards embody systematically lower costs over time. For example, on a monthly basis, it might be appropriate to budget a 1.0% reduction in per-unit direct labor cost.

Assume that the standard wage rate into the foreseeable future is $25 per hour. Assume, too, that the budgeted labor-hour standard for October of the current year is 2.00 hours and that this standard is reduced each month by 2%. During December of the current year the company produced 8,800 units of XL-10, using 17,300 direct labor hours. The actual wage rate per hour in December was $29.00.

Required:

1. Prepare a table that contains the standard labor-hour requirement per unit and standard direct labor cost per unit for the 4 months, October through January.

2. Compute the direct labor efficiency variance for December. Was this variance favorable (F) or unfavorable (U)?

A company manufactures and sells two products: Product A1 and Product C4. Data concerning the expected production of each product and the expected total direct labor-hours (DLHs) required to produce that output appear below:

The direct labor rate is $29.70 per DLH. The direct materials cost per unit is $263 for Product A1 and $266 for Product C4.

The company is considering adopting an activity-based costing system with the following activity cost pools, activity measures, and expected activity:

The total cost per unit of Product C4 under activity-based costing is closest to: (Round your intermediate calculations to 2 decimal places.)

rev: 03_25_2018_QC_CS-119201

Multiple Choice

• $961.52 per unit

• $1,057.70 per unit

• $676.70 per unit

• $994.40 per unit

17. A portfolio consists 20% of a risk-free asset and 80% of a stock. The risk-free return is 4%. The stock has an expected return of 15% and a standard deviation of 30%. What’s the expected return

A. 12.8%

B. 9.5%

C. 15.0%

D. 4.0%

18. The stock of Alpha Company has an expected return of 0.10 and a standard deviation of 0.25. The stock of Gamma Company has an expected return of 0.16 and a standard deviation of 0.40. The correlation coefficient between the two stock’s return is 0.2. If a portfolio consists of 40% of Alpha Company and 60% of Gamma Company, what’s the expected return of the portfolio?

A. 0.126

B. 0.136

C. 0.160

D. 0.130

19. You have the following data on the securities of three firms: Return last year Beta Firm A 10% 0.8 Firm B 11% 1.0 Firm C 12% 1.2 If the risk-free rate last year was 3%, and the return on the market was 11%, which firm had the best performance on a risk-adjusted basis?

A. Firm A

B. Firm B

C. Firm C

D. There is no difference in performance on a risk-adjusted basis

20. An investor has $10,000 invested in Treasury securities and $15,000 invested in stock UVW. UVW has a beta of 1.2. What is the beta of the portfolio?

A. 0.00

B. 0.72

C. 1.20

D. 1.60

Capital Budgeting For the following two projects, determine the 1. Payback Period 2. Discounted Payback 3. Net Present Value 4. Profitability Index (Benefit-Cost Ratio) 5. Internal Rate of Return 6. Modified Internal Rate of Return Project A Project B Year Net Income Cash Flow Net Income Cash Flow 0 (15,000) (19,000) 1 5,000 6,000 3,000 4,000 2 5,000 6,000 5,000 6,000 3 5000 6,000 7,000 8,000 4 5,000 6,000 11,000 12,000 Risk Index 1.80 .60 The firm’s cost of capital ko is 15% and the risk free rate Rf is 10%. The firm assesses risk and assigns a risk index to determine a risk adjusted discount rate. An index of 1.0 would be assigned to an average risk project. To determine risk adjusted rates the firm uses the following equation: Risk Adjusted Rate (RADR) = Rf + [Risk Index (ko – Rf) Task: Rank the projects in accordance with each method of analysis..

At one engineering firm, several call centers are maintained to track customer complaints. Unfortunately, very few employees like this job and therefore there is a lot of employee turnover. This call center uses X-Bar and s charts to track voluntary quits over time. The averages compiled below are from three call centers. The average number is 25 minutes before an employee gets frustrated and quits. The sample size was n = 5 for each month. Use the data below to create one X-Bar chart and one s chart.

Month (Avg. Time) ((s))

January (27.0) ((2.0)) February (27.0) ((2.7)) March (26.5) ((3.0)) April (28.0) ((2.7)) May (25.5) ((2.0)) June (27.5) ((3.0)) July (25.0) ((1.5)) August (25.5) ((1.6)) September (28.0) ((0.5)) October (26.0) ((2.5)) November (26.0) ((4.7)) December (26.5) ((1.3)) January (25.5) ((2.5)) February (25.0) ((6.0)) March (26.5) ((5.5)) April (25.0) ((4.4)) May (28.5) ((2.0)) June (28.0) ((0.5)) July (26.5) ((2.5)) August (24.5) ((1.0))

Create X-Bar and s control charts from this data. Also, calculate the following: X-Double-Bar, s-Bar, UCLx, LCLx, UCLs, and LCLs

Note: single bracket represents “avg.time” and double bracket represents “s”

F. Pierce Products Inc. is considering changing its capital structure. F. Pierce currently has no debt and no preferred stock, but it would like to add some debt to take advantage of low interest rates and the tax shield. Its investment banker has indicated that the pre-tax cost of debt under various possible capital structures would be as follows:

* Use the exact value of 2/3 in your calculations.

F. Pierce uses the CAPM to estimate its cost of common equity, r_s and at the time of the analaysis the risk-free rate is 5%, the market risk premium is 6%, and the company's tax rate is 40%. F. Pierce estimates that its beta now (which is "unlevered" because it currently has no debt) is 1.4. Based on this information, what is the firm's optimal capital structure, and what would be the weighted average cost of capital at the optimal capital structure? Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answers to two decimal places.

Debt:   %
Equity:   %
WACC:   %