Blue Bayou Middle School wants to raise money for a new sound system for its auditorium. The primary fund-raising event is a dance at which the famous disc jockey Kray Zee will play classic and not-so-classic dance tunes. Grant Hill, the music and theater instructor, has been given the responsibility for coordinating the fund-raising efforts. This is Grant’s first experience with fund-raising. He decides to put the eighth-grade choir in charge of the event; he will be a relatively passive observer. Grant had 500 unnumbered tickets printed for the dance. He left the tickets in a box on his desk and told the choir students to take as many tickets as they thought they could sell for $5 each. In order to ensure that no extra tickets would be floating around, he told them to dispose of any unsold tickets. When the students received payment for the tickets, they were to bring the cash back to Grant, and he would put it in a locked box in his desk drawer. Some of the students were responsible for decorating the gymnasium for the dance. Grant gave each of them a key to the money box and told them that if they took money out to purchase materials, they should put a note in the box saying how much they took and what it was used for. After 2 weeks, the money box appeared to be getting full, so Grant asked Lynn Dandi to count the money, prepare a deposit slip, and deposit the money in a bank account that Grant had opened. The day of the dance, Grant wrote a check from the account to pay Kray Zee. The DJ said, however, that he accepted only cash and did not give receipts. So Grant took $200 out of the cash box and gave it to Kray. At the dance, Grant had Dana Uhler working at the entrance to the gymnasium, collecting tickets from students and selling tickets to those who had not pre-purchased them. Grant estimated that 400 students attended the dance. The following day, Grant closed out the bank account, which had $250 in it, and gave that amount plus the $180 in the cash box to Principal Sanchez. Principal Sanchez seemed surprised that, after generating roughly $2,000 in sales, the dance netted only $430 in cash. Grant did not know how to respond. Identify as many internal control weaknesses as you can in this scenario, and suggest how each could be addressed.

Stephen Hall is a 25 year-old with an entrepreneurial dream and an eclectic background. His dream is to start a travel agency that specializes in sports-related trips. These would include travel packages to attend professional sports events throughout the world and multi-country tours that are built around specific sporting competitions. Stephen knows there are travel agencies that already do this, but he feels it is a growing market and his knowledge of sports and his ability to work well with customers should help him be successful. He estimates he needs $150,000 bankable business plans for entrepreneurial ventures 236 to start this business, most of which will go into marketing expenses. His father has agreed to give him $50,000 and now he is writing a plan to show to potential investors. Stephen’s background includes interest and experience in many sports. He was an excellent wrestler in high school and college where he majored in computer science and graduated with a 2.8 grade-point average. After graduating, he worked at a storefront travel agency that had no particular specialty. He currently is a customer-service rep for a regional airline at the major airport near his home. While in high school and college, Stephen held many part-time jobs including running the deep-fat fryer in a fast food restaurant, working for a moving company, and being a security guard at a movie theater. Without overstating his qualifications, Stephen wants to point out his knowledge, relevant work experience, and personal skills that will make potential investors confident in supporting his venture. But he feels somewhat defensive talking about his background. His school career was not stellar and his jobs have been largely minimum wage and clerical. Stephen is considering not including a resume in his plan and avoiding discussion of his own background in the text of his business plan. He is also wonders if there is some way to define his business strategy that would better match his qualifications or if he can describe his experience and skills in the best light without exaggerating. 1. Playing the role of a potential investor, what do you consider Stephen’s strengths and weaknesses? 2. What kind of resume should Stephen prepare? 3. Write a one paragraph description of Stephen that stresses how his qualifications and abilities could make this venture successful.

Many entrepreneurial ventures raise money from venture capitalists. Getting venture capital funding is a complex process of finding one or more partners to commit to back the company on its journey. The relationship between entrepreneurs and venture capitalists is important – it can be very positive and help a venture succeed, or it can be stressful and have negative implications. We will spend quite a bit of time trying to understand what venture capitalists do and how they structure deals with entrepreneurial ventures. The big question – Can venture capitalists help you and your venture succeed? Venture capitalists are professionals who specialize in investing in high growth potential ventures. They typically raise funds from institutional investors, corporations or individuals and form partnerships that deploy capital over a period of up to ten years. The venture capitalists act as General Partners and the investors are Limited Partners. Venture capital firms have two income streams. They charge a management fee based on the amount in the fund and they take a share of the profits – that share is called the carried interest. For most funds, the management fee is under 2% per year and the carried interest percentage is between 15 and 30%. Most venture capital firms have several partners and invest in multiple companies, often in separate rounds of financing for each company. Venture capital firms tend to specialize in geography, stage of investment, and/or industry. At one end of the spectrum, some funds only invest in early-stage companies. Other firms invest in more established companies to fund growth. The professional venture capital industry has existed since the 1940s though the industry remained small until the mid-1990s as the Internet revolution took hold. Total capital deployed in the industry is under $300 billion. There are several hundred active venture capital funds in the United States and around the world. Venture capital is a “hits” business. Even the best investors lose money or make modest returns on a majority of the companies they back. A few great successes generate most of the value, as was true with companies like Intel, Genentech, Apple, Amazon, Google, Facebook and more recent companies like Uber and Airbnb. A small number of venture capital firms consistently back big winners. In recent years, Sequoia, Benchmark, Accel, and Greylock have had a disproportionate number of “Unicorn” hits – these are companies that attain valuations of $1 billion or more. There is enormous variety in the industry. Some funds are small – from $10 million up to $100 million. These firms are willing to back new companies and write initial checks of several hundred thousand up to a few million dollars. Most venture funds reserve capital to make follow-on investments in companies that are doing well. Larger funds – those up to $1 billion in capital – will only invest in companies that might need tens of millions of dollars over the life of the fund. Venture capitalists are active investors. They often insist on a seat on the board of directors and they negotiate for certain control rights such as the right to replace the CEO or to approve any large capital expenditure or corporate action. Venture capitalists almost always use a standard investment vehicle – convertible preferred stock – though the exact terms depend on many factors. Some venture capitalists have been successful entrepreneurs while others have experience in large companies or finance.

What do you think about raising money from venture capital firms? How do you decide whether you should do so?

4. If you burn 2.3 grams of a compound off the top of crème brulee, and it has carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen, would you be able to determine the empirical formula if you collected 2.7 grams water, and 4.4 grams carbon dioxide, and if yes, what is the empirical formula of the compound?

5. Which of the following has more atoms? 5.0 grams F2 or 8.0 grams S?

6. When you burn gasoline, a few different reactions can happen. One is C8H18(l) + O2(g)  H2O(l) + CO2(g) If you react 5.0 kg gasoline with 1.0 kg oxygen, how much water could you form?

7. Balance, identify the oxidizing agent and the reducing agent in the following reaction by assigning oxidation numbers, and give the phase (s, l, g, aq) of each reactant and product. H2O + Zn + HCl(aq)  H2 + H2O + ZnCl2

8. How many liters of 0.500 M H3PO4 would it take to react with 8.00 L of 0.100 M NaOH?

9. If you want to dilute some salt water solution from 3.0 M NaCl to 0.20 M NaCl and have 9.0 L after dilution, what would you need for starting volume?

4. If you burn 2.3 grams of a compound off the top of crème brulee, and it has carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen, would you be able to determine the empirical formula if you collected 2.7 grams water, and 4.4 grams carbon dioxide, and if yes, what is the empirical formula of the compound?

5. Which of the following has more atoms? 5.0 grams F2 or 8.0 grams S?

6. When you burn gasoline, a few different reactions can happen. One is C8H18(l) + O2(g)  H2O(l) + CO2(g) If you react 5.0 kg gasoline with 1.0 kg oxygen, how much water could you form?

7. Balance, identify the oxidizing agent and the reducing agent in the following reaction by assigning oxidation numbers, and give the phase (s, l, g, aq) of each reactant and product. H2O + Zn + HCl(aq)  H2 + H2O + ZnCl2

8. How many liters of 0.500 M H3PO4 would it take to react with 8.00 L of 0.100 M NaOH?

9. If you want to dilute some salt water solution from 3.0 M NaCl to 0.20 M NaCl and have 9.0 L after dilution, what would you need for starting volume?

A plant manufacturing nails and screws uses a large pool (volume = 10,000 L) to collect and treat its residual wastewater before discharging it in a nearby stream. The manufacturing process makes use of a strong acid (HCl) and a weaker one (phosphoric acid, H₃PO₄; pK_a1 = 2.148, pK_a2 = 7.20, pK_a3 = 12.15), before discharging them in the pool for treatment (neutralization). Once the pool is filled to its maximum capacity, a technician measures the chlorine and phosphorus concentrations in the wastewater to be 0.5 M and 1.0 M, respectively. Assume (i) that chlorine and phosphorus come only from HCl and phosphoric acid, respectively, and (ii) that no H⁺ was consumed (or neutralized) in the manufacturing process.

Knowing that the technician has to bring the pH of the waste water back to a minimum of 7.2 before discharging it in the stream, what is the minimum amount (in kg) of NaOH_(s) (40 g/mol) that he has to add to the pool before discharging the waste water in the stream?

What will be the pH of the wastewater following the addition of 200 kg of NaOH to the initial wastewater?

What will then be the number of moles of each phosphorus species (H₃PO₄, H₂PO₄^-, HPO₄^2- and PO₄^3-) in the pool after the addition of NaOH?

What will be the pH of the wastewater if the technician adds 10.0 kg of NaOH in excess to what is needed to bring the pH to 7.2?

1. Three materials X, Y, and Z are required to produce two products A and B. The profit function of each product is nonlinear. The total profit function for Product A is 80A - A2 and the total profit function for Product B is 72B - 0.8B2. Thus, the total profit for producing A and B together is 80A - A2

+ 72B - 0.8B2. (These two profit functions are independent.)

a. Use the Nonlinear Solver (GRG Nonlinear) to solve the nonlinear profit function for this problem. (Note: this problem does not have a constraint.) What is the optimal production quantity for each product? What is the total profit? Why is the solution optimal? Is the total profit function a function with decreasing marginal return? Why?

b. Following information about resource requirement and availability is given. Formulate the problem with constraints as a nonlinear programming model on the spreadsheet to maximize the total profit.

C. Solve the problem using the Nonlinear Solver. What is the optimal solution? What is the maximum total profit?

D. Explain why solutions in (a) and (c) are different.

E. Formulate the problem in (b) as an algebraic model.

1) Blue Ram Brewing Company currently has no debt in its capital structure, but it is considering using some debt and reducing its outstanding equity. The firm’s unlevered beta is 1.15, and its cost of equity is 11.55%. Because the firm has no debt in its capital structure, its weighted average cost of capital (WACC) also equals 11.55%. The risk-free rate of interest (rRFrRF) is 3.5%, and the market risk premium (RPMRPM) is 7%. Blue Ram’s marginal tax rate is 25%.

Blue Ram is examining how different levels of debt will affect its costs of debt and equity, as well as its WACC. The firm has collected the financial information that follows to analyze its weighted average cost of capital (WACC). Complete the following table.

1). A star with an absolute magnitude of 4.5 is located 50 pc from Earth. Ignoring the dimming effect of the interstellar medium, its apparent magnitude will be...

Question 38 options:

2). The absolute magnitude of a star is 2.6, but its apparent magnitude viewed from Earth is 8.9. How far away from Earth is the star?

Question 37 options:

3). Two stars have the same radius, but surface temperatures star A is 3,000 K and the surface temperature of star B is 12,000 K. How much more luminous is star B than star A?

4). A star has an absolute magnitude of 2.84. What is its luminosity in solar units?

Question 40 options:

Please help. Thanks

You have been able to get a part-time job in a University laboratory. The group is planning a set of experiments to study the forces between nuclei in order to understand the energy output of the Sun. To do this experiment, you shoot alpha particles from a Van de Graaf accelerator at a sheet of lead. The alpha particle is the nucleus of a helium atom and is made of 2 protons and 2 neutrons. The lead nucleus is made of 82 protons and 125 neutrons. The mass of the neutron is almost the same as the mass of a proton. To assure that you are actually studying the effects of the nuclear force, an alpha particle should come into contact with a lead nucleus. Assume that both the alpha particle and the lead nucleus have the shape of a sphere. The alpha particle has a radius of 1.0 x 10-15 m and the lead nucleus has a radius 4 times larger. Your boss wants you to make two calculations: (a) What is the minimum speed of such an alpha particle if the lead nucleus is fixed at rest? (b) What is the potential difference between the two ends of the Van de Graaf accelerator if the alpha particle starts from rest at one end (from a bottle of helium gas)? ...Note: Asked to use the following equations to solve the problem : F=ma & F=QE