There is a group of kindergarten children observed who have two different shirt colors, red and blue. Red = 1 and Blue = 0. The sample size of 8 can be formed as 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0. What are the lower and upper bounds of the 95 percent confidence interval for this sample if we believe that the sample is drawn from a binomial distribution?

Conditional Probability Problem: An urn contains 5 red balls, 4 green balls, and 4 yellow balls for a total of 13 balls. If 5 balls are randomly selected without replacement what is the probability of selecting at least two red balls given that at least one yellow ball is selected?

a) 0.59

b) 0.61

c) 0.63

d) 0.65

e) 0.67

1. What are necessary buffer components?

2. Write reaction equations to explain how your acetic acid/sodium acetate buffer reacts with an acid and a base. Why pH does not change? Explain.

3. At which point does a buffer lose its effectiveness? Use your data to determine the buffer capacity of Buffer A and Buffer B. Explain.

1.What is management's responsibilities for reporting internal control under Section 404 Sarbanes Oxley Act ?

2.What is auditor's responsibilities for reporting internal control under Section 404 Sarbanes Oxley Act?

1. What (if anything) is wrong with the following code:

   int redCount = 0, blueCount = 0; 
   Scanner scan = new Scanner(System.in); 
   System.out.println("Please make a selection: ");
   String option = scan.next(); 
   
   while(!option.startsWith("q") || !option.startsWith("Q"))
   {
       if(option.equals("red"))
       {
            redCount++;
       }
       else
       {
            blueCount++;
       }
       System.out.println("Please enter another value: ");
       option = scan.next(); 
   }
   System.out.println("Red: " + redCount + ", Blue: " + blueCount); 

   		The condition is not a boolean expression.
   		A variable is out of scope.
   		There is nothing wrong with this code.
   		It will result in an infinte loop.
   		It contains a logic error that will cause it to function incorrectly.

2. What (if anything) is wrong with the following code:

   int redCount = 0, int blueCount = 0; 
   Scanner scan = new Scanner(System.in); 
   System.out.println("Please make a selection: ");
   String option = scan.next(); 
   
   while(!option.toLowerCase().startsWith("q"))
   {
       if(option.equals("red"))
       {
            redCount += 1;
       }
       else
       {
            blueCount += 1;
       }
   
   

       System.out.println("Please enter another value: ");
       option = scan.next(); 

   }
   System.out.println("Red: " + redCount + ", Blue: " + blueCount); 

   		A variable is out of scope.
   		The condition is not a boolean expression.
   		It will result in an infinte loop.
   		There is nothing wrong with this code.
   		It contains a logic error that will cause it to function incorrectly.

Have a standard curve and determine the concentration of the samples. Get the mean, standard deviation for the two samples tested in triplicate and run a t.test. Is there a difference between the two samples? These were two different sets of serum (two different pigs). I would think they will be different but let's see.

Questions

As you should recall, glucose is a reducing sugar. There are many chemical assays for reducing sugars such as using Nelson's alkaline copper reagent or 3,5 dinitrosalicylic acid (DNS). Why is an enzymatic assay the preferred method for blood glucose?

Convert a typical measurement of 95 mg/dL blood glucose into a mM amount.

The concentration of glucose inside a typical cell is about 1.0 mM. Why is the concentration of glucose inside the cell less than in the blood?

A typical red blood cell has a diameter of about 7 m. Although they are disk-shaped, let's assume they are a sphere and determine the number of glucose molecules in the cell?

Red blood cells are one of the few tissues that rely solely on glycolysis. How much ATP can be made from the amount of glucose in the red blood cell?

Based on questions 2-5, why is it important that the blood glucose concentration remain constant?

Maltose is a disaccharide of glucose (two glucose molecules linked by an alpha 1-4 glycosidic bond). A solution of maltose is tested with the DNS-reagent reducing sugar assay and found to be 50 mM. What would the concentration be measured as if this maltose solution is tested with the glucose-oxidase assay? Explain.

Search the literature, web-sites, wikipedia etc. and find an example of a clinical assay that uses coupled reactions involving an oxidase/peroxidase system. Reference you source and write down the reaction sequence.

Background: Determination of blood glucose is a fundamental test performed in a clinical laboratory. Normal fasting blood glucose levels range from 70-99 mg/dL in healthy adults and hyperglycemia is of course an indication of diabetes mellitus or other medical conditions. One of the more common methods for this determination is to use a glucose oxidase/peroxidase system.
The assay that will be used is called an Endpoint Enzymatic Spectrophotometric assay . Glucose oxidase (GOX) is found in various insects and fungi where it is used as an anti-bacterial agent [4]. GOX oxidizes -D-glucose in into D-gluconolactone with the subsequent production of hydrogen peroxide (eq. 1). Hydrogen peroxide is potent oxidizing agent used by many types of cells to kill pathogens. In the glucose assay the hydrogen peroxide that is released, combined with horseradish peroxidase (HPR), is used to oxidize a dye molecule that is monitored spectrophotometrically (eq. 2).
Many dyes have been used for this assay, but today, 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS, figure 1) will be used since it is stable, readily soluble in water and non-toxc

data given
standards 0.726 0.479 0.235 0.139 0.094 0.037 blank
sample 1 0.509 0.48 0.454
sample 2 0.462 0.497 0.539


mg/dL
200
100
50
25
12.5

Topic :Carbon trading.

1. What are carbon permits, credits and offsets?
2. How did the EU-ETS carbon price evolve during 2013-2020? Why is carbonprice volatility a problem?
3. What are TAC? What are MAC?
4. Explain the grandfathering principle used to allocate permits.
5. Why is there reason for trade when the MAC’s of different firms or countries are different?
6. Give two reasons why a carbon emission permit is not a well-defined commodity (as, for instance, a train ticket).
7. Explain why it is impossible to express all global warming costs in monetary terms. (Answer: what is the social rate of discount? What is the money value of ecosystem damage? Etc.)
8. Explain why the carbon market is not a perfectly competitive market?
9. What is the problem with carbon offsets according to Spash?
10.Carbon pricing should be comprehensive. What does this mean?
11.Explain how carbon pricing may stimulate undesirable behaviour?
12.How do environmental motivations get crowded out? Explain in detail.

Suppose that a borrower and a lender agree on the nominal interest rate to be paid on a loan. Then inflation turns out to be lower than they both expected.

1. Is the real interest rate on this loan higher or lower than expected?
2. Use your own “made-up” figures for nominal interest rate, expected inflation rate and actual inflation rate to explain your answer in part “a”?
3. Does the lender gain or lose from this unexpectedly low inflation? Does the borrower gain or lose?
4. Inflation since the Global Financial Crisis (GFC) has been much lower than people expected it to be. How has this affected home-owners who obtained fixed rate mortgages in the mid -2000s? How did it affect the banks that lent them the money?
5. If you were taking a mortgage today, how would your expectations about inflation in next 10 years affect your decision about whether to fix your mortgage or let it vary?

3) Now you will plan for your retirement. To do this we need to first determine a couple of values.

a. How much will you invest each year? Even $25 a month is a start ($300 a year), you’ll be surprised at how much it will earn. You can choose a number you think you can afford on your life circumstances or you can dream big. State what you will use for P, r, and n to earn credit. (3 points)

The typical example of a retirement investment is an I.R.A., an Individual Retirement Account, although other options are available. However, for this example, we will assume that you are investing in an I.R.A. (for more information see: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Individual_Retirement_Account ) earning 8% interest compounded annually. (This is a good estimate, basically, hope for 10%, but expect 8%. But again this is just one example; I would see a financial advisor before investing, as there is some risk involved, which explains the higher interest rates.) List your P, r, and n to earn points for this question.

b. Determine the formula for the accumulated amount that you will have saved for retirement as a function of time and be sure to simplify it as much as possible. You need to be able to show me what you used for r, n, and P so that I can calculate your answers. Plug in those values into the formula and simplify the equation. (5 points)

c. Graph this function from t = 0 to t = 50. (6 points) Ways to show graphs: ? Excel ? Hand draw, take a pic with phone and import it into your document as a picture. ? Online graphing calculator program (try googling free graphing calculators or use one listed in the Tech websites from Module 1)

d. When do you want to retire? Use this to determine how many years you will be investing. (65 years old is a good retirement-age estimate). You need to say how old you are (Age 29) if you are retiring when you are 65 or tell me how long until you retire. State what you will use for t. (2 points)

e. Determine how much you will have at retirement using the values you decided upon above. (5 points)

f. How much of that is interest? (4 points)

g. Now let’s say you wait just 5 years before you start saving for retirement, how much will that cost you in interest? How about 10 years? How about just 1 year? (10 points) Now you need to consider if that is enough. If you live to be 90 years old, well above average, then from the time you retire, to the time you are 90, you will have to live on what you have in retirement (not including social security). So if you retired at 65, you will have another 25 years where your retirement funds have to last.

h. Determine how much you will have to live on each year. Note, we are neither taking into account taxes nor inflation (which is about 2% a year). (5 points) Let’s look at this from the other direction then, supposing that you wanted to have $50,000 a year after retirement.

i. How much would you need to have accumulated before retirement? (5 points)

j. How much would you need to start investing each year, beginning right now, to accumulate this amount? A “short-cut” to doing this is to first compute the effective yield at your retirement age, then divide this amount into Part (i). This is the amount you well need to invest each year. (5 points)

k. That was just using $50,000, how much would you want to have each year to live on? Dream big or reasonable depending on your occupation! Now using that value, repeat parts (i) and (j) again. You need to state what you would want to live on and it needs to be something besides $50,000. (10 points)

Your answer to (k) would work, if you withdrew all of your retirement funds at once and divided it up. However, if you left the money in the account and let it draw interest, it is possible that the interest itself would be enough to live on, or at the very least if you had to withdraw some of the principle, the remaining portion would still continue to earn interest. Essentially, what you have found is the upper bound for the amount of money that you will need to invest each year to attain your financial goals.

l. Finish by summarizing what you have learned in the entire project and consider setting a goal towards saving for retirement. (Your answer should be in complete sentences free of grammar, spelling, and punctuation mistakes.) This should be a paragraph not one sentence. (10 points)