briefly identify the determinants of profit and loss. Explain how two companies in the same industry might have radically different profit earnings during the same accounting period. What would you consider to be the important impact of the variables on competitive strategy?

I need a longer answer someone elaborate more.

The major determinants of Profit and Loss are as follows: ·

Sales Price and Sales volume

· Variable Expenses

· Fixed Expense

· Finance Cost

· Non-Cash Expenditure

· Salary & wages

Two companies of the same industry can have radically different profit earnings during same accounting period, and this can be due to any of the below mentioned reasons: 1) One company could have sold goods with low profit margin in comparison to other company leading to same sales figure but different profits. E.g. Company A sells 100 items at Rs. 10. Thus sales amount to Rs. 1000. Purchase price per unit is Rs. 5. Thus Company A earns a profit of Rs. 500 {i.e. 100*(10-5)}. Whereas company B sells 50 items at Rs. 20. Thus sales amount to Rs. 1000. Keeping the purchase price constant at Rs. 5 per unit. The profit reported by company B comes to Rs. 750 {i.e. 50*(20-5)}. 2) One company could have advantage of competitive purchase price in comparison to other company. This could be due to good bargaining power or due to good business relations. 3) One company could have borrowed money from bank at lower rate of interest than other company leading to less finance cost (interest expenses) during the year resulting in difference in profit margin. 4) One company could have aggressive sales strategy than the other leading to higher expenses resulting in different profit margin.

Few important competitive strategy variables are as follows:

1) Quality: Customers nowadays prefer quality products. Keeping an eye on innovation and quality will also lead to retention of existing customers.

2) Marketing/Advertisement: Advertising a product helps to gain the attention of a larger customer base. Thus, advertising in new publications or advertising more frequently helps to strengthen the customer base.

3) Location: This will help in easy availability of Raw Materials and Labour, lesser transportation cost, scope for expansion, accessibility to markets, etc.

4) Employee Training and Development: This is an important variable which many companies miss. Training of employees on a regular basis keeps them involved in the business and helps them enhance their skill and knowledge which in turn helps them to deliver better service.

5) SWOT Analysis: One should always carry out a SWOT (Strength, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats) analysis to improve the business market share.

Mayfair Co. allows select customers to make purchases on credit. Its other customers can use either of two credit cards: Zisa or Access. Zisa deducts a 6.5% service charge for sales on its credit card. Access deducts a 5.5% service charge for sales on its card. Mayfair completes the following transactions in June.

Required:
Prepare journal entries to record the preceding transactions and events. (The company uses the perpetual inventory system.) (If no entry is required for a transaction/event, select "No journal entry required" in the first account field. Round your final answers to the nearest whole dollar.)

16. Camen Company projects the following​ sales:

January

February

March

Cash sales (45%)

$12,150

$13,500

$14,400

Sales on account (55%)

14,850

16,500

17,600

Total sales

$27,000

$30,000

$32,000

Camen collects sales on account in the month after the sale. The Accounts Receivable balance on January 1 is $13,100​, which represents December​'s sales on account. Camen projects the following cash receipts from​ customers:

Recalculate cash receipts from customers if total sales remain the same but cash sales are only 25​% of the total.Begin by computing the cash sales and sales on account for each month if cash sales are only 25​% of the total.

​Now, recalculate cash receipts from customers for each month if cash sales are only 25​%

of the total.

Enter any number in the edit fields and then continue to the next question.

Mayfair Co. allows select customers to make purchases on credit. Its other customers can use either of two credit cards: Zisa or Access. Zisa deducts a 3.0% service charge for sales on its credit card. Access deducts a 2.0% service charge for sales on its card. Mayfair completes the following transactions in June.

Required:
Prepare journal entries to record the preceding transactions and events. (The company uses the perpetual inventory system.) (If no entry is required for a transaction/event, select "No journal entry required" in the first account field. Round your final answers to the nearest whole dollar.)

42-9. Definition of a Security. In 1997, Scott and Sabrina Levine formed Friendly Power Co. (FPC) and Friendly Power Franchise Co. (FPC-Franchise). FPC obtained a license to operate as a utility company in California. FPC granted FPC-Franchise the right to pay commissions to “operators” who converted residential customers to FPC. Each operator paid for a “franchise”—a geographic area, determined by such factors as the number of households and competition from other utilities. In exchange for 50 percent of FPC’s net profits on sales to residential customers in its territory, each franchise was required to maintain a 5 percent market share of power customers in that territory. Franchises were sold to telemarketing firms, which solicited customers. The telemarketers sold interests in each franchise to between fifty and ninety-four A-4 APPENDIX A: ALTERNATE CASE PROBLEMS—CHAPTER 42“partners,” each of whom invested money. FPC began supplying electricity to its customers in May 1998. Less than three months later, the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) filed a suit in a federal district court against the Levines and others, alleging that the “franchises” were unregistered securities offered for sale to the public in violation of the Securities Act of 1933. What is the definition of a security? Should the court rule in favor of the SEC? Why or why not? [SEC v. Friendly Power Co., LLC, 49 F.Supp.2d 1363 (S.D.Fla. 1999)]

Case Y X1 X2 X3 X4 X5 X6

1 43 45 92 61 39 30 51

2 63 47 73 63 54 51 64

3 71 48 88 76 69 68 70

4 61 35 86 54 47 45 63

5 81 47 85 71 66 56 78

6 43 34 51 54 44 49 55

7 58 35 70 66 56 42 67

8 71 41 64 70 57 50 75

9 72 31 81 71 69 72 82

10 67 41 78 62 49 45 61

11 64 34 65 58 60 53 53

12 67 41 72 59 41 47 60

13 69 25 61 55 44 57 62

14 68 35 75 59 47 83 83

15 77 46 75 79 74 54 77

16 81 36 52 60 74 50 90

17 74 63 77 79 71 64 85

18 65 60 78 55 77 65 60

19 65 46 83 75 59 46 70

20 50 52 76 64 56 68 58

1. What is the regression equation? (Perform a Multiple Regression Analysis and Paste the table in the first answer box.) 2. State the hypotheses to test for the significance of the independent factors. 3. Which independent factors are significant at alpha= 0.05? Explain. 4. State the hypotheses to test for the significance of the regression equation. Is the regression equation significant at alpha=0.05? Explain. 5. How much of the variability in Y is explained by your model? Explain. 6. What tools would you use to check if the model has multicollinearity problems? 7. Does this model have multicollinearity problems? Explain. 8. If you were to propose a simplified model, eliminating some variables, what would it be? Why? 9. What tools would you use to check if the model assumptions are met? 10. Does this model meet the assumptions? Explain.

FIllmore Steel Company of Texas manufacturers Part 748 (a component used in the developing of skyscraping buildings). The company has a capacity to produce 150,000 units per month and is currently operating at 75 percent of the capacity. The cost structure is as follows:

Per unit cost

Direct Materials $8.00

Direct Labor $6.00

Manufacturing overhead $12.00 _______

Manufacturing cost $26.00

In addition, the company incures $1.00 per unit on Freight and also pays 5% (on selling price) as sales commission. The regular selling price of Part 748 is $34.00 per unit. The manufacturing overhead rate is $24.00 per hour which 1/3 is varialbe and 2/3 is FIXED. It requires 1/2 hour to manufacture one unit. The direct materials and direct labor are considered as variable costs.

Hunai Manufacturing Company of Tokyo, Japan has approached the Fillmore Steel Company for the purchase of 30,000 units of Part 748 next month at $20.00 per unit, FOB shipping point. Fillmore Steel Company will NOT pay any sales commission on this special order. However, an additional FIXED cost of $13,000 for the month will have to be incurred for additional administrative and clerical work. This cost is exclusively related to the special order.

The management of Fillmore Steel Company has approaced you to solve this problem.

Required:

1. Prepare an income statement to analyze accept/reject alternative.

2. What is the minimum price at which Part 748 can be sold to Belfast Company by maintaing the current level of net income?

3. Calculate the contribution margin per unit and the break-even level (in units) disregarding the purchase offer from Hunai Manufacturing Company.

4. In case, if this special order is to be accepted, how best you can convince the regular customers, who are paying $34.00 for Part 748.

PLEASE show all calculations as this is a case project for an oral presentation. Thanks.

Curtiss Construction Company, Inc., entered into a fixed-price contract with Axelrod Associates on July 1, 2021, to construct a four-story office building. At that time, Curtiss estimated that it would take between two and three years to complete the project. The total contract price for construction of the building is $4,600,000. The building was completed on December 31, 2023. Estimated percentage of completion, accumulated contract costs incurred, estimated costs to complete the contract, and accumulated billings to Axelrod under the contract were as follows: At 12-31-2021 At 12-31-2022 At 12-31-2023 Percentage of completion 10 % 60 % 100 % Costs incurred to date $ 369,000 $ 2,940,000 $ 4,960,000 Estimated costs to complete 3,321,000 1,960,000 0 Billings to Axelrod, to date 730,000 2,370,000 4,600,000 Required: 1. Compute gross profit or loss to be recognized as a result of this contract for each of the three years. Curtiss concludes that the contract does not qualify for revenue recognition over time. 2. Assuming Curtiss recognizes revenue over time according to percentage of completion, compute gross profit or loss to be recognized in each of the three years. 3. Assuming Curtiss recognizes revenue over time according to percentage of completion, compute the amount to be shown in the balance sheet at the end of 2021 and 2022 as either cost in excess of billings or billings in excess of costs.

Complete this question by entering your answers in the tabs below.

• Req 1 and 2
• Req 3

1. Compute gross profit or loss to be recognized as a result of this contract for each of the three years. Curtiss concludes that the contract does not qualify for revenue recognition over time. 2. Assuming Curtiss recognizes revenue over time according to percentage of completion, compute gross profit or loss to be recognized in each of the three years. (Leave no cells blank - be certain to enter "0" wherever required. Loss amounts should be indicated with a minus sign.)

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There are 4 parts to this assignment. Your answers to each of these parts must be hand-written (preferably in pen) and include a diagram or diagrams and any calculations similar to the hand-written examples.

1. One bank company determines the number of ATM machines they put in their branches based on the percentage of their customers who would use their machines. Currently one of their branches has 1 ATM machine and they will only put in another machine if the percentage of their customers using their existing machine is greater than 35%. A random sample of 120 customers entering this branch revealed that 48 used its ATM machine. At the .10 level of significance can this bank conclude that more than 35% of all its customers use the machine? Should they put in another machine?

2. Do Windsorites like their fried chicken to be spicy or not spicy? Currently, a restaurant which specializes in fried chicken only makes non-spicy chicken. It is now considering offering spicy chicken to its customers but, only if it can be convinced that more than 30% of its chicken eating customers would prefer spicy chicken. Over a one-week period, it prepared non-spicy chicken and a limited amount of spicy chicken in order to conduct an experiment. During this period of its offer, it randomly selected 60 of its chicken ordering customers and gave them pieces of both spicy and non-spicy chicken at no cost. Twenty-seven of these randomly selected customers stated that they preferred the spicy chicken. At the .01 level of significance, should the restaurant start offering spicy chicken to its customers?

To answer all of the above questions:

• state the two hypotheses
• calculate the value of the test statistic, z
• calculate the p-value of this test (diagram needed for p-value)
• determine the critical value of z (diagram needed)
• compare the value of z with the critical value of z and compare the p-value with α and state whether or not the null hypothesis should be rejected and write a concluding statement (diagram needed [critical value of z/rejection region])

Note: Please hand written and draw a box around the final answer, Thank you.

Evaluate your model using all factors outlined in the text. Assumptions, conditions, fit, outliers, etc.

Then explain your answer in words. Create a linear regression model that has 2 or 3 independent variables. Your choice of models…your choice of variables.

A1 Tim is a wedding planner. Looking at the data he has accessed, he is trying to simplify a model for how much a wedding will cost. Use the data to create a model with 2 or 3 Independent Variables, to predict Wedding Cost (dependent variable.) Evaluate your model using all factors outlined in the text.