"A contributing factor to an airplane's duel consumption is the bypass ratio of the engine system. The bypass ratio is the amount of air passing around the engine core relative to the amount of air passing through the core. An airplane manufacturer is designing a new airplane and wants to determine the bypass ratio for the airplane's engine system. The airplane will fly 3,700 hours per year and will average 450 miles per hour. The amount of fuel that the airplane consumes can be expressed as: z = 0.0511 - (8.27*10^-4) * y for 4 < y < 12 where y is the bypass ratio (a unitless number) and z is the number of gallons of fuel consumed per mile flown by the airplane. The cost of fuel remains constant at $4.51 per gallon. The initial cost of the engine system as a function of the bypass ratio is $306,000 + $2,500y^2. The engine system will be used for 8 years. At the end of 8 years, the salvage value of the engine system as a function of bypass ratio is $11,000y. The airplane manufacturer wants to minimize the annual equivalent cost (AEC) of the engine system (which includes the initial cost, the annual cost of fuel, and the salvage value). The manufacturer's MARR is 13.7%. What is the optimal bypass ratio rounded to the nearest tenth that minimizes the AEC of the engine system? (The optimal answer for the bypass ratio is between 4 to 12, but it should not be necessary to consider that constraint in your calculations.)"

Red Yoder is an 80-year-old farmer who lives alone in the farmhouse where he grew up. It is located 20 miles outside of town. Red has been a widower for 10 years. Red rarely cooks for himself and mainly eats packaged or processed foods. His son, Jon, manages the farm now, but Red is still involved in the decision making.Red’s current medical problems include insulin-dependent diabetes complicated by an open foot wound. He also has some incontinence and difficulty sleeping.

Red is awaiting a visit from the home health nurses. He relates that he has an open wound on his big toe that developed after walking in a new pair of shoes. When his daughter-in-law, Judy, saw the wound, she called the family doctor, who suggested a visit by the wound care nurse, who works with the home health agency. Red agreed as long as his VA benefits cover the costs. Red is aware that his son and daughter-in-law have concerns about him living alone, but Red insists that while he needs a little help from Jon and Judy at times, he is still capable of caring for himself.

What are Red’s strengths?
What are your concerns for this patient?
What is the cause of your concern?
What information do you need?
What are you going to do about it?
What is Red experiencing?

Hospital President Jose Vasquez, in a virtual online call with journalists, a recording of which was reviewed by Forbes, said the hospital has been given extra personnel from the state and federal governments but still has insufficient resources, and is “establishing an ethics committee as well as a triage committee that is going to be in charge of reviewing each one of these cases that need hospitalization.” He said if a patient, particularly someone with a significant underlying medical condition, needs “mechanical ventilation to survive we have to start making a triage evaluation and [determine] who has a better chance to use, in a beneficial way, all of the resources versus who is a patient that because of chronic medical illness does not have the chance to survive.” Vasquez said some badly ill Covid-19 patients have been transferred to hospitals outside of the county, and in some cases outside of the state, a pattern he said is not sustainable and could lead to “those patients who most certainly do not have any hope of improving going ...thousands of miles away dying alone in a hospital.” Answer the following: Based on this situation if you were Jose Vasquez – what would you do? What options are available that may alleviate the situation? In Chapter 8 we learned about life and death issues, would any of those help in this situation? If so, which ones and how would they help?

Fuel Efficiency of Manual and Automatic Cars

Each year the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) releases fuel economy data on cars manufactured in that year. Below are summary statistics on fuel efficiency (in miles/gallon) from random samples of cars with manual and automatic transmissions manufactured in 2012. Do these data provide strong evidence of a difference between the average fuel efficiency of cars with manual and automatic transmissions in terms of their average city mileage? Assume that conditions for inference are satisfied.

The hypotheses for this test are:

• Ho: μ_automatic = μ_manual
  Ha: μ_automatic ≠ μ_manual
• Ho: μ_automatic = μ_manual
  Ha: μ_automatic > μ_manual
• Ho: μ_automatic = μ_manual
  Ha: μ_automatic < μ_manual

The test statistic is:  (please round to two decimal places)  
The p-value is:  (please round to four decimal places)  
Interpret the result of the hypothesis test in the context of the problem:

• The data do not provide sufficient evidence that there is a difference between the average fuel efficiency of manual and automatic cars in terms of their average city mileage
• The data provide sufficient evidence that there is no difference between the average fuel efficiency of manual and automatic cars in terms of their average city mileage
• The data provide sufficient evidence that there is a difference between the average fuel efficiency of manual and automatic cars in terms of their average city mileage

1) The freshmen at state university took a biology test. The scores were distributed normally with a mean of 70 and a standard deviation of 5.
a) What percentage of scores are between 65 and 75?
b) What scores are between 60 and 85?
c) What scores are greater than 80 ?
2) The juniors at Central High School took the ACT last year. The scores were distributed normally with a mean of 24 and a standard deviation of 4.
a) What percentage of scores are between scores 20 and 28?
b) What percentage of scores are between 16 and 28 ?
c) What percentage of scores are greater than 24?
3) The diameters of grapefruit in a certain orchard are normally distributed with mean 4.6 inches and a standard deviation of 1.3 inches. If a random sample of 10 of these grapefruit are put in a bag and sold what is the probability that the mean diameter of the grapefruit in the bag will be
a) Greater than 5 inches.
b) Less than 4 inches
4) Walter usually meets Julia at the track. He prefers to jog 3 miles. From long experience, he knows that σ = 2.40 minutes for his jogging times. For a random sample of 90 jogging sessions, the mean time was 22.50 minutes. Let μ be the mean jogging time for the entire distribution of Walter’s 3-mile running times over the past several years. Find a 0.99 confidence interval for μ.

Crepe Creations is considering franchising its unique brand of crepes to stall-holders on Hermoza Beach, which is five miles long. CC estimates that on an average day there are 1,000 sunbathers evenly spread along the beach and that each sunbather will buy one crepe per day provided that the price plus any disutility cost does not exceed $5. Each sunbather incurs a disutility cost of getting up from resting to get a crepe and returning to their beach spot of 25 cents for every 1/4 mile the sunbather has to walk to get to the CC stall. Each crepe costs $0.50 to make and CC incurs a $40 overhead cost per day to operate a stall. How many franchises should CC award given that it determines the prices the stall holders can charge and that it will have a profit-sharing royalty scheme with the stall holders? What will be the price of a crepe at each stall? Suppose now that CC requires that each stall holder deliver the crepes in its own designated territory. How many franchises should now be awarded if we make the standard assumption that the effort costs of the stall holders are the same as those of the sun bathers? How would your answer change if the the stall holders instead incurred effort costs half as much as those of the sun bathers, that is, if their costs were 12.5 cents for every quarter mile of distance?

random sample of congressional campaigns from 2002.

FUNDS: Total money raised for the campaign, in thousands of dollars DSIZE: Area of the candidate’s congressional district, in square miles FUNDCARD: 1 = campaign website allowed credit card donations, 0 = campaign website did not allow credit card donations We wanted to know if amount of money raised for a campaign depends on the how large the district is and whether the campaign accepted credit card donations on its website.

We ran a regression. Regression results Dependent variable: FUNDS Adjusted R Square: .154 Constant (a): 673.642 B coefficient FUNDCARD: 1908.063 (p = .000), Standardized Beta .361 B coefficient DSIZE: .007 (p = .019), Standardized Beta .183

Write the equation for the regression, using the format yhat = a + bx + bx, filling in the numbers for a and b, and the names of the variables in place of y and x. 9.

Write one sentence interpreting the b coefficient for FUNDCARD.

Write one sentence identifying and interpreting the p value for the b coefficient for FUNDCARD. Refer to the null hypothesis and show that you know what it means for this specific example.

Write one sentence interpreting the b coefficient for DSIZE.

Write one sentence identifying and interpreting the p value for the b coefficient for DSIZE. Refer to the null hypothesis and show that you know what it means for this specific example.

1)If we study septate and coenocytic hyphae of equal length from two fungi species, then the coenocytic hyphae is unique because

A. It is haploid

B. It has fewer pores in the wall

C. It has more cytoplasm streaming

d.Has cellulose in the cell walls

2)The process that makes the zygospore in molds that has the opposite effect on chromosome number compared to meiosis is __

A. Mitosis

B. Budding

C. Karyogamy

D. Plasmogamy

D. Has cellulose in the cell walls

3)Which phylum of fungi consists of yeast, truffles, lichen, and morels? *

A. Ascomycetes

B. Basidiomycetes

C. Chytrids

D. Glomeromycetes

E. Zygomycetes

4)Of the following species, which of the following is most likely to go extinct? *

A. Species A- Does not have a lot of genetic variation, can eat a lot of different foods, does not get hunted a lot, and lives on hundreds of miles of coastline

B. Species B- Has a lot of genetic variation, can eat a lot of different foods, does get hunted a lot, and lives in most temperate regions

C. Species C- Does not have a lot of genetic variation, can eat only one food, does not get hunted a lot, and lives on an island

D. Species D- Has a lot of genetic variation, can eat a lot of different foods, does not get hunted a lot, and lives on the entire continent