Assume that a company in the early stages of growth has financed itself using only a very small percentage of debt in its capital structure. It pays no dividends to its shareholders. Modigliani and Miller might well have made the following statement regarding dividend policy: "(like capital structure) the dividend policy decision of company will not affect its valuation". Explain what is meant by this statement and under what conditions it will be true. Then explain why it might not hold in reality

Early in 2021, the Excalibur Company began developing a new software package to be marketed. The project was completed in December 2021 at a cost of $102 million. Of this amount, $68 million was spent before technological feasibility was established. Excalibur expects a useful life of five years for the new product with total revenues of $170 million. During 2022, revenue of $51 million was recognized.

Required:
1. Prepare a journal entry to record the 2021 development costs.
2. Calculate the required amortization for 2022.
3. Determine the amount to report for the computer software costs in the December 31, 2022, balance sheet.

An early method of measuring the speed of light makes use of a rotating slotted wheel. A beam of light passes through a slot at the outside edge of the wheel, as in the figure, travels to a distant mirror, and returns to the wheel just in time to pass through the next slot in the wheel. One such slotted wheel has a radius of 8.8 cm and 100 slots at its edge. Measurements taken when the mirror is L = 1100 m from the wheel indicate a speed of light of 3.0 x 105 km/s. (a) What is the (constant) angular speed of the wheel? (b) What is the linear speed of a point on the edge of the wheel?

In an early translational experiment, a cysteine already attached to its tRNA was chemically converted to an alanine. These “hybrid” tRNA molecules were then added to a cell-free translation system from which the normal cysteine-tRNAs had been removed. When the resulting protein was analysed, it was found that alanine had been inserted at every point in the polypeptide chain where cysteine was supposed to be. Discuss what this experiment tells you about the role of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases and ribosomes during the normal translation of the genetic code.

In the early part of 2021, the partners of Hugh, Jacobs, and Thomas sought assistance from a local accountant. They had begun a new business in 2020 but had never used an accountant’s services. Hugh and Jacobs began the partnership by contributing $145,000 and $95,000 in cash, respectively. Hugh was to work occasionally at the business, and Jacobs was to be employed full-time. They decided that year-end profits and losses should be assigned as follows: Each partner was to be allocated 10 percent interest computed on the beginning capital balances for the period. A compensation allowance of $6,000 was to go to Hugh with a $25,000 amount assigned to Jacobs. Any remaining income would be split on a 4:6 basis to Hugh and Jacobs, respectively. In 2020, revenues totaled $170,000, and expenses were $143,000 (not including the partners’ compensation allowance). Hugh withdrew cash of $8,000 during the year, and Jacobs took out $13,000. In addition, the business paid $7,000 for repairs made to Hugh’s home and charged it to repair expense. On January 1, 2021, the partnership sold a 20 percent interest to Thomas for $74,000 cash. This money was contributed to the business with the bonus method used for accounting purposes.

Answer the following questions: What journal entries should the partnership have recorded on December 31, 2020?

What journal entry should the partnership have recorded on January 1, 2021?

(2) A fuel mixture used in the early days of rocketry is composed of two liquids, hydrazine (N2H4) and dinitrogen tetraoxide (N2O4), which ignite on contact to form nitrogen gas and water vapor.

Write the balanced equation for this reaction (include states of matter)

(3) If 1.50 × 102 g of N2H4 and 2.00 × 102 g of N2O4 are mixed, which is the limiting reactant?

(4) What is the theoretical yield (in grams) of N2 that can be produced when the quantities in part b) are mixed?

(5) If 155 g of N2 are actually obtained from the reaction, what is the percent yield?

The Bohr model of the atom was an early attempt, by Danish theoretical physicist Niels Bohr in 1913, to understand the properties of atoms by incorporating the wavelike nature of electrons into an otherwise classical description. The basic assumptions of the model are:

a. An electron in an atom moves in circular orbits about a positively charged nucleus, with the Coulomb attraction providing the centripetal force.

b. Since electrons are waves, an electron may only (stably) orbit the nucleus at radii for which an integer number of wavelengths fit around the circumference. Otherwise the electron wave destructively interferes with itself.

c. When an electron makes a transition from one stable orbit to another, its energy changes by a finite amount. This must be accompanied by absorption or emission of a photon of energy equal to the change in energy of the electron.

(a) For a hydrogen atom, the nucleus is a proton (charge e) with one orbiting electron (charge ?e). Using assumption i., show that the radius of an orbit is related to the mass m and speed v of an electron by: r = e^2/(4??0mv^2)

(b) Using assumption ii., show that the angular momentum of an electron in an atom is restricted in value to (positive) integer multiples of ?: L = mvr = n? n = 1, 2, 3, …

(c) Combine (a) and (b) to show that the radii of the stable orbits of the Bohr hydrogen atom are rn = a0n^2 , n = 1, 2, 3, …, where the Bohr radius, a0, is given by: a0 = (4??0?^2)/(me ^2)= 0.0529 nm .

(d) Show that the energies of the stable orbits are given by: En = ?(?^2)/(2ma0^2) 1/n^2 = ?13.6 eV/n^2 , n = 1, 2, 3, …

(e) Using assumption iii., determine the wavelength of the photon emitted by a Bohr hydrogen atom when it makes each of the following transitions: n = 2 ? n = 1, n = 3 ? n = 1, and n = 3 ? n = 2.

At an early stage of clinical trials of a certain method of gender​ selection, 14 couples using that method gave birth to 13 boys and 1 girl. Complete parts​ (a) through​ (e) below.

a. Assuming that the method has no effect and boys and girls are equally​ likely, use the range rule of thumb to identify the limits separating values that are significantly low and those that are significantly high​ (for the number of boys in 14 ​births). Based on the​ results, is the result of 13 boys significantly high​?

Significantly low values for the number of boys in 14 births are _____ and lower. Significantly high values for the number of boys in 14 births are ____ and higher. The result of 13 boys (is or is not?) significantly high. ​(Type integers or decimals rounded to one decimal place as​ needed.)

b. Find the probability of exactly 13 boys in 14 ​births, assuming that the method has no effect. _______ ​(Type an integer or decimal rounded to six decimal places as​ needed.)

c. Find the probability of 13 or more boys in 14 ​births, assuming that the method has no effect. _____ ​(Type an integer or decimal rounded to six decimal places as​ needed.)

d. Which probability is relevant for determining whether 13 boys is significantly high​: the probability from part​ (b) or part​ (c)? Based on the relevant​ probability, is the result of 13 boys significantly high​?

The probability from (Part C or Part B) is relevant for determining whether 13 boys is significantly high. Based on this​ probability, the result of 13 boys (is or is not) significantly high.

e. What do the results suggest about the effectiveness of this method of gender​ selection?

A. The results do not suggest anything about the effectiveness of this method of gender selection.

B. The results suggest that this method is not effective at transforming the distribution of genders to a binomial distribution.

C. The results suggest that this method is effective at transforming the distribution of genders to a binomial distribution. D. The results suggest that this method is not effective in increasing the likelihood that a baby is a boy.

E. The results suggest that this method is effective in increasing the likelihood that a baby is a boy.

At an early stage of clinical trials of a certain method of gender​ selection, 16 couples using that method gave birth to 1 girl and 15 boys. Complete parts​ (a) through​ (e) below. a. Assuming that the method has no effect and boys and girls are equally​ likely, use the range rule of thumb to identify the limits separating values that are significantly low and those that are significantly high​ (for the number of girls in 16 ​births). Based on the​ results, is the result of 1 girl significantly low​?

Suppose an architectural firm specializing in the structural restoration and renovation of historic homes and early barns is deciding whether to open a branch of the company in Wilmington, Vermont. Market research commissioned by the firm indicates that the Vermont location will be profitable only if the mean age of houses and barns located within a 100-mile radius of Wilmington is greater than 65 years.

The architectural firm conducts a hypothesis test to determine whether μ, the mean age of structures located within a 100-mile radius of Wilmington, is greater than 65 years. The test is conducted at α = 0.10 level of significance using a random sample of n = 64 houses and barns located in the specified area. The population standard deviation of the age of structures is assumed to be known with a value of σ = 12.8 years. The firm will open a Vermont branch only if it rejects the null hypothesis that the mean age of structures in the specified area is less than or equal to 65 years.

To summarize this hypothesis test refer to the chart given below.

Reject the Null = Open the Branch

Fail to Reject = Do Not Open the Branch

If, on the basis of the hypothesis test, the architectural firm decides not to open a branch, but the true mean age of houses and barns located within a 100-mile radius of Wilmington is greater than 65 years, the firm has committed a _____ error, because this branch would have been profitable.

If, on the basis of the hypothesis test, the architectural firm decides to open a branch, but the true mean age of houses and barns located within a 100-mile radius of Wilmington is less than 65 years, the firm has committed a ______ error, because this branch will be unprofitable.

Use the Distribution tool to help you answer the questions that follow.

Normal Distribution

Mean = 68.0

Standard Deviation = 3.0

6061626364656667686970Mz-2-10z

The null hypothesis is rejected when the sample mean M is ______ . Therefore, the architectural firm will make the decision not to open a branch in Vermont if M is _______ .

(Hint: To use the tool, set the Mean to the hypothesized mean (65) and the Standard Deviation to the standard deviation of the sampling distribution of M.)

Suppose that the true value of µ is 67 years. The probability that the architecture firm commits a Type II error is _____ .

(Hint: To use the tool, set the Mean to the true mean (67) and position the vertical line at the critical value of M 67.05.)

If the true value of µ is 67 years, the power of the test is _____ .

Based on the level of significance it has selected for its test, the architectural firm is willing to risk a    probability of opening an unprofitable branch. It is willing to risk a 0.20 probability of not opening the branch when µ = 67. (In other words, it is willing to fail to reject the null hypothesis when it actually should have rejected the null hypothesis only 20% of the time.) What should the firm do?

Do nothing; its current risks are acceptable.

Decrease its sample size.

Decrease α.

Increase its sample size.