Determining the Speed of Sound Name Abstract; Include instead of these lines the objectives of the lab (what you investigated), the short description of how you did it and the conclusions formulated based on the obtained results. It should be ½ to 1 page long. Picture of the experimental set up Observations Data Table 1: Calculation of sound wavelength Tuning fork frequency f (Hz ) Length, (water level to top of tube) L (m) Diameter of tube, d(m) λ(m) =4(L + 0.3d) Experimental v(m/s) = f λ Room Temperature, oC Calculations A. Calculate the theoretical speed of sound (v): v = 331.4 + 0.6T0C ( m/s) • 331.4 m/s is the speed of sound at 20oC • T0C is the temperature of air during testing measured in Celsius B. Calculate the percent error of your experimentally derived value: C. Describe what is sound. D. Explain the phenomenon based on which you were able to hear the amplified sound and to determine the speed of sound. You should include a picture or a sketch of the standing waves (the key concept you need to write about) inside the tube. Because this might require different printed or electronic resources, make sure you include the references. E. What is the physical concept behind the “pitch” of a sound and what is the SI unit for it? F. What is the physical concept behind “intensity” of a sound and what is the SI unit for it? G. What are possible sources of errors in this experiment?

15. On of the major aspects of the struggle for civil rights over the centuries has been
    1. The demand for voting rights
    2. The demand for equal opportunity
    3. The demand for social justice and racial equality
    4. all of the above

16. ____The U.S. Bill of Rights is a listing of
    1. Implied rights
    2. Civil liberties
    3. Inalienable rights
    4. Enumerated powers
17. ____Guarantees of equal treatment under the law to most social groups are
    1. Civil rights
    2. Civil order
    3. Civil disobedience
    4. Civil prerogatives
18. ____The U.S. Bill of Rights was intended by its Framers to protect individual rights from
    1. Violation by the states
    2. Violation by the local police
    3. Violation by the federal government
    4. Violation by private individuals
19. ____The first Constitutional Amendment to clearly define citizenship was
    1. The 13 Amendment
    2. The 14 Amendment
    3. The 15 Amendment
    4. The 16 Amendment
20. ____The 14^th Amendment reversed
    1. Barron v Baltimore
    2. The Civil Rights Cases
    3. Plessey v Ferguson
    4. Dred Scott v Sanford
21. ____ The first Amendment to the U.S. Constitution enumerates
    1. Protections against double jeopardy
    2. Protection against cruel and unusual punishment
    3. Freedom of speech, press, religion, assembly, petition
    4. Freedom of speech, press, religion, assembly, property
22. ____The 14^th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution was intended to protect civil rights against
    1. Violation by the states
    2. Violation by corporations
    3. Violation by foreign companies
    4. Violation by private individuals

23. In your own words, briefly explain the meaning of the following concepts and why do they exist.
    1. Habeas corpus
    2. Bill of attainder
    3. Ex post facto law
    4. Cruel and unusual punishment

High-Low Method, Cost Formulas

The controller of the South Charleston plant of Ravinia, Inc., monitored activities associated with materials handling costs. The high and low levels of resource usage occurred in September and March for three different resources associated with materials handling. The number of moves is the driver. The total costs of the three resources and the activity output, as measured by moves for the two different levels, are presented as follows:

Required:

If required, round your answers to two decimal places. Enter a "0" if required.

1. Determine the cost behavior formula of each resource. Use the high-low method to assess the fixed and variable components.

2. Using your knowledge of cost behavior, predict the cost of each item for an activity output level of 10,000 moves.

3. Construct a cost formula that can be used to predict the total cost of the three resources combined. If required, round your answers to two decimal places.
Materials handling cost = $ + $X

Using this formula, predict the total materials handling cost if activity output is 10,000 moves.
Y = $

This is one question with part (a) and part (b) being the solution to the problem.

This problem is based upon two separate, distinct industries, each of which has ten companies.  Industry X has companies A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, and J.  Industry Y has companies M, N, O, P, Q, R, S, T, U, and V.  These two industries are completely unrelated. There is no, absolutely no competition between any of the companies in Industry X with any of the companies in Industry Y.  This question is to examine the degree of market concentration, and hence the competitive nature, within each industry.

Part A:    Calculate the HHI in Industry X if Company I files to acquire Company B.  Then, using the United States Department of Justice guidelines, discuss whether or not the DOJ could move to block the acquisition?  

Part B:    Calculate the HHI in Industry Y if Company V files to merge with Company O. Then, using the United States Department of Justice guidelines, discuss whether or not the DOJ could move to block the merger?

6) A solution of sodium chloride (molecular weight 58.5) is electrolyzed and it is found that a
current of 1 A liberates 1.3 x 10-3 kg of chlorine (atomic weight 35.5) in one hour. Sodium
chloride crystals of density 2.17 x 103 kg/m3 are analyzed by x rays and the unit cell parameter is
found to be 5.6 x 10-10 m. From these data calculate the charge on a monovalent ion.

7) In a Milikan oil-drop experiment, a certain droplet was found to fall freely in air at a steady rate
of 1.15 x 10-4 m/sec. between horizontal plates 3 mm apart. When an electrical potential
difference of 400 V was applied between the plates, the droplet rose steadily at 1.2 x 10-5 m/sec;
while at 300 V, the droplet fell steadily at 1.8 x 10-5 m/sec. Find the magnitude of the charge on
the drop, given that the viscosity of the air is 1.8 x 10-5 mks units, and the density of the oil used
was 900 kg/m3.

8) In an experiment to determine e/m for electrons by J. J. Thomson’s method, the particles were
deflected by a uniform electrostatic field of 50000 V/m applied between plates 0.05 m long. The
deflection produced on a screen placed 0.3 m away from the center of the plates was 0.05 m.
This deflection was exactly canceled by applying a magnetic field of 0.001 Tesla coextensive with
the electric field. Find the speed of the electrons, their specific charge, and the accelerating
voltage.

We spent an entire semester talking about Newtonian mechanics (F=ma, KE=1/2 mv2) so that knowledge must be important. The truth is that those equations are almost precisely correct except for the fastest particles. Let's see if we can find out how fast something must be going for those approximations to be off by a signficant amount. Assume we have a object with a mass of mo = 1gram.

1) What is the object's Newtonian kinetic energy at this velocity?K= J

2)Look to see how much the two values of kinetic energy differ. Now the object is going 0.12 c. What is the object's velocity?v = m/s

3)What is the object's relativistic kinetic energy at this velocity?K= J

4)What is the object's Newtonian kinetic energy at this velocity?K= J

5)Now we're going really fast. Look to see how much the two values differ now. Next, the object is going 0.59 c. What is the object's velocity?v = m/s

6)What is the object's relativistic kinetic energy at this velocity?K= J

7)What is the object's Newtonian kinetic energy at this velocity?K= J

8)Next, the object is going 0.95 c. What is the object's velocity?v = m/s

9)What is the object's relativistic kinetic energy at this velocity? K= J

10)What is the object's Newtonian kinetic energy at this velocity?K= J

2. Assume that X1, . . . , Xn are independent copies of the random variable X = Y + V , where Y ∼ N(µ, σ² ) and V ∼ U(−ν, ν), ν > 0, and Y and V are independent. We will consider the hypotheses

H₀ : µ = µ₀ and

H_A : µ does not equal µ₀.

(a) It can be shown that E(X) = µ and var(X) = σ² + ν²/3. Set µ = 60, σ = 3, and ν = 4. Estimate E(X) and var(X) using Monte Carlo simulations based on drawing n = 10⁵ i.i.d. copies of X. You can only use the runif function to generate draws from a distribution, so you will need to take the necessary steps to draw realizations from the appropriate distributions. Comment on the results.

(b) Let T = (√ n) * (Xbar − µ₀)/S be the usual t-test test statistic. Perform a simulation to check whether the distribution of T is well approximated by a t-distribution with n−1 degrees of freedom when n = 20, µ = µ₀ = 65, σ = 3, and ν = 4. Use a QQ-plot (you may use the qt function) and set reps = 1e4. Comment on the results.

(c) Set n = 20, µ₀ = 68, µ = 66, ν = 5, and α = 0.05. Produce a plot of a simulated estimate of the power curve of this test formed by increasing σ from 0.5. Select the sequence of values for σ so that the simulated estimate of the power decreases from roughly 80% to roughly 20%. Comment on the results.

From Jon Kleinberg's "Networks, Crowds, and Markets":

19.8 #5.) Continuing with the diffusion model from Chapter 19, recall that the threshold q was derived from a coordination game that each node plays with each of its neighbors.

Specifically, if nodes v and w are each trying to decide whether to choose behaviors A and B, then:

• if v and w both adopt behavior A , they each get a payoff of a > 0;

• if they both adopt B, they each get a payoff of b > 0; and

• if they adopt opposite behaviors, they each get a payoff of 0.

The total payoff for any one node is determined by adding up the payoffs it gets from the coordination game with each neighbor. Let’s now consider a slightly more general version of the model, in which the payoff for choosing opposite behaviors is not 0, but some small positive number x. Specifically, suppose we replace the third point above with:

• if they adopt opposite behaviors, they each get a payoff of x , where x is a positive number that is less than both a and b.

Here’s the question: in this variant of the model with these more general payoffs, is each node’s decision still based on a threshold rule? Specifically, is it possible to write down a formula for a threshold q , in terms of the three quantities a , b , and x , so that each node v will adopt behavior A if at least a q fraction of its neighbors are adopting A , and it will adopt B otherwise?

In your answer, either provide a formula for a threshold q in terms of a, b, and x; or else explain why in this more general model, a node's decision can't be expressed as a threshold in this way.