An automobile manufacturer claims that its cars average more than 410 miles per tankful (mpt).
As evidence, they cite an experiment in which 17 cars were driven for one tankful each and
averaged 420 mpt. Assume σ = 14 is known.

a. Is the claim valid? Test at the 5 percent level of significance.

b. How high could they have claimed the mpt to be? That is, based on this experiment, what is the maximum value for µ which would have been rejected as an hypothesized value?

c. What is the power of the test in part (a) when the true value of µ is 420 mpt? (Hint: Your rejection region for part (a) was stated in terms of comparing Zobs with a cut-off point on the Z distribution. Find the corresponding x̅cut-off and restate your rejection region in
terms of comparing the observed x̅value with the x̅cut-off. Then assume H1 is true (i.e. µ
= 420 mpt) and find the probability that x̅is in the rejection region.)

     I-Multiplication Rules

1. How many different slats can be made. If the splint is composed of 4 letters and 3 digits.

2. How many special shuttle crews can be formed if: for pilot position, co-pilot and flight engineer there are (8) eight candidates, for two scientists one for solar experiment and one for stellar experiment there are (6) candidates and for two Civilians there are (9) candidates.

II-permutations and combinations

1. In a raffle where there are 10 possible numbers in each ball, if three pellets are extracted. How many ways is it possible to combine extracted numbers?

2. Ten people reach a row at the same time. How many ways can they be formed?

3. In a Olympiad there are 10 swimmers in a race, how many ways can arrive the first three places?

4. How many committees of three teachers can be made if there are 6 teachers to choose from?

For this task you will examine the experiments of Loftus and Gardner. Describe and analyze each of these experiments. You will prepare two separate analyses; for each analysis, include the following:

A brief summary of the study

A one paragraph explanation of   the background in the field leading up to the study, and the reasons the researchers carried out the project.

The significance of the study to the field of psychology

A brief discussion of supportive or contradictory follow-up research findings and subsequent questioning or criticism from others in the field  

A summary of at least one recent experiment (within the past two years) that is related to the seminal experiment (Hint: Excellent sources for recent research summaries are the American Psychological Association’s Monitor on Psychology and the Association for Psychological Science).

Your own evaluation of whether the breakthrough experiments of Drs. Gardner and Loftus were examples of genius, the zeitgeist, or some other factor. Use their own autobiographical accounts as well as your analyses of their experiments and personal stories to support your opinion.

Robert Millikan is famous for his experiment which demonstrated that electric charge is discrete, or quantized. His experiment involved measuring the terminal velocities of tiny charged drops of oil in air between two plates with a known voltage applied. He timed hundreds of them traveling both up and down in order to mathematically rule out the effects of gravity and drag, since he had no way of measuring mass or diameter. His results showed that charge comes only in integer multiples of 1.6 10 19C. This is called the elementary charge. It is the charge on both electrons, negative, and protons, positive.
1. a. Where does charge excess charge reside on an object? Why?
b. Where is electric charge more concentrated on irregularly shaped objects?
c. How do lightning rods work?
d. Why does a stream of water bend toward a charged object?
e. What are the three methods of charging an object?

In problems 1 – 5, a binomial experiment is conducted with the given parameters. Compute the probability of X successes in the n independent trials of the experiment.

1.         n = 10, p = 0.4, X = 3

2.         n = 40, p = 0.9, X = 38

3.         n = 8, p = 0.8, X = 3

4.         n = 9, p = 0.2, X < 3

5.         n = 7, p = 0.5, X = > 3

According to American Airlines, its flight 1669 from Newark to Charlotte is on time 90% of the time. Suppose 15 flight are randomly selected and the number of on – time flights is recorded.

            a.         Find the probability that exactly 14 flights are on time.

            b.         Find the probability that at least 14 flights are on time.

            c.          Find the probability that fewer than 14 flights are on time.

            d.         Find the probability that between 12 and 14 flights are on time.

            e.         Find the probability that every flight is on time.

Even if the double slit experiment gives interesting (weird) results, it only concludes that each photon interacts with itself after passing the two slits. I have been thinking about a different experimental setup, where you have two well defined light sources (with specific wave lengths and phase) but no slits. And now to my questions: Has anyone ever done such an experiment, and will there be an interference pattern on the wall?

If the answer to the second question is "no", light can not be a true wave - it only has some wavelike properties. But if it is "yes", things become much more interesting.

If there is an interference pattern on the wall, there has to be an interference pattern even if both light sources are emitting single photons at random, but as seldom as, say, once per minute. That in turn would mean that the photons know about each other, even if they are separated in time with several seconds, and the light sources are independent (not entangled).

Consider the Monty Hall problem.Verify the results using by writing a computer program that estimates the probabilities of winning for different strategies by simulating it.

1. First, write a code that randomly sets the prize behind one of three doors and you also randomly select one of the doors. You win if the the door you selected has the prize (Here, we are simulating ’stick to the initial door’ strategy). Repeat this experiment 100 times and compute the average number of wins.

2. Next, try simulating the switching strategy. Find the door the host will open and change your initial door with the door not opened by the host. Also repeat this experiment 100 times and compute the average number of wins. If you did everything right, the first code should yield the probability of winning as ≈ 1/3 and the second code should yield ≈ 2/3. You can use any programming language you want (MATLAB, Python etc.)

CASE STUDY 36.1 Patient With a Transplant

Brief Patient History

Mr. V is a 42-year-old man with chronic viral hepatitis C. He has a Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) score greater than 25. Mr. V is in acute fulminant liver failure and is on the waiting list to receive a liver transplant. Mr. V was hospitalized 2 weeks ago with ascites, hepatorenal syndrome, and hepatic encephalopathy. He has been treated with diuretics, antibiotics, and laxatives. Before transplantation, he remained in the intermediate care unit and was not intubated. He is now undergoing liver transplantation.

Clinical Assessment

Mr. V is admitted to the critical care unit from the operating room after receiving an orthotopic liver transplant. He is intubated and sedated. Mr. V moves all extremities but does not follow commands. He has a nasogastric tube, pulmonary artery catheter, arterial line, urinary catheter, abdominal drain (draining bright red blood), and external biliary drain in place. Continuous renal replacement therapy is in progress.

Diagnostic Procedures

Baseline vital signs include the following: blood pressure of 100/60 mm Hg, heart rate of 118 beats/min (sinus tachycardia), respiratory rate of 20 breaths/min, temperature of 98.3°F, and oxygen saturation of 98%.

Urine output was 75 mL/h and is now 15 mL/h. Central venous pressure is 14 mm Hg, pulmonary artery pressure is 30/16 mm Hg, pulmonary artery occlusion pressure is 18 mm Hg, and intraabdominal pressure is greater than 25 mm Hg.

His current laboratory values include the following:

White blood cell count: 3100 cells/mm3

Hematocrit: 25.3%

Hemoglobin: 8.6 g/dL

Platelet count: 47,000/microliter

Aspartate aminotransferase: 315 units/L

Aminotransferase: 230 units/L

Alkaline phosphatase: 380 units/L

Gamma-glutamyltransferase: 1040 units/L

Total bilirubin: 12.5 mg/dL

Prothrombin time: 21.3 s

International normalized ratio: 2.5

Partial thromboplastin time: 69.9 s

Blood urea nitrogen: 39 mg/dL

Serum creatinine: 1.4 mg/dL

Potassium: 3.8 mEq/L (mmol/L)

Medical Diagnosis

Mr. V is diagnosed with intraabdominal hypertension and abdominal compartment syndrome.

Questions

1. What major outcomes do you expect to achieve for this patient?

2. What problems or risks must be managed to achieve these outcomes?

3. What interventions must be initiated to monitor, prevent, manage, or eliminate the problems and risks identified?

4. What interventions should be initiated to promote optimal functioning, safety, and well-being of the patient?

5. What possible learning needs do you anticipate for this patient?

6. What cultural and age-related factors may have a bearing on the patient’s plan of care?

INPUT FILE INTO ARRAY. CHECKING FOR COMMAS AND SUCH. PLEASE READ CAREFULLY.

void readFile(Candidate candidates[]) – reads the elections.txt file, fills the candidates[] array. Hint: use substr() and find() functions. Set Score to 0.

void List(Candidate candidates[]) – prints the array of Candidate structs. One candidate per one line, include all fields. Use setw() to display nice looking list.

void displayCandidate(Candidate candidates[]) – prints the complete information about the candidate

.
Candidate First(Candidate candidates[]) – returns single struct element: candidate with highest score

Candidate Last(Candidate candidates[]) – returns single struct element: candidate with lowest score

void Votes(Candidate candidates[]) – function sorts the candidates[] array by number of votes, the order in candidates[] array is replaced

void Scores(Candidate candidates[]) – calculates the percentage score for each candidate. Use the following formula: ??????=(CandidateVotes)/(sum of votes)*100%

Correct line for the reference: F=John,L=Smith,V=3342

The line errors that your program needs to detect, are as follows:

incorrect token / separator, example in line 5: F=Steven,L=JohnV=4429 --- (comma missing) – lines with this error need to be ignored

space in token, example in line 3: F=Hillary,X=Clinton, V=1622 --- lines with this error need to be read, error fixed, data included in your dataset

empty line, example in line 6 – empty lines need to be ignored

Example Textfile

F=Michael,L=John,V=3342

F=Danny,L=Red,V=2003

F=Hillary,L=Clinton, V=1588

F=Albert,L=Lee,V=5332

F=Steven,L=JohnV=4429

*IMPORTANT* Please be DETAILED in explanations of each part of code. Beginner Coder. *IMPORTANT*

Code Skeleton We HAVE to follow. How Would i go about using this skeleton? YOU CANNOT CHANGE FUNCTIONS OF VARIABLES, BUT YOU MAY ADD TO IT. THE CODE MUST HAVE WHAT IS LISTED IN THE SKELETON CODE:

#include <iostream>

#include <iomanip>

#include <stdlib.h>

#include <fstream>

#include <string>

using namespace std;

struct Candidate {
string Fname;
string Lname;
int votes;
double Score;
};

const int MAX_SIZE = 100;

void readFile(Candidate[]);

void List(Candidate[]);

void Votes(Candidate[]);

void displayCandidate(Candidate);

Candidate First(Candidate[]);

Candidate Last(Candidate[]);

void Scores(Candidate[]);

int main() {

}

void readFile(Candidate candidates[]) {

string line;

ifstream infile;

infile.open("elections.txt");

while (!infile.eof()) {

getline(infile,line);

// your code here

}

infile.close();

}

void List(Candidate candidates[]) {

}

void Votes(Candidate candidates[]) {

}

void displayCandidate(Candidate candidates) {

}

Candidate First(Candidate candidates[]) {

}

Candidate Last(Candidate candidates[]) {

}

void Scores(Candidate candidates[]) {

}