Q. After active removal of small molecules (glucose, amino acids, vitamins electrolytes, etc.), urine inside tubules in the renal cortex does not become hypotonic relative to plasma.  Why is this?

a. Urea concentration is high inside the urine.

b. Small molecules are removed by antiport mechanisms and are therefore replaced by other osmotically active particles.

c. Removal of small molecules results in a drop in osmotic pressure, water leaves the urine.

d. Urine does not tarry in the cortex, it enters the tubules in the medulla as soon as small molecules are removed.

e. ATP is consumed in the transport of small molecules; the breakdown of one molecule of ATP produces two molecules (ADP + P_i) of osmotically active molecules.

Q. What would happen if the loop of Henle does not exist, and the proximal convoluted tubule leads directly to the collecting duct?

a. The glomeruli will decrease in size.

b. The body can secrete nitrogenous waste only in the form of ammonia.

c. The concentration of Na⁺ and urea in urine will be the same.

d. Urine will become hypotonic to plasma.

e. Urine will have the same osmolarity as plasma.

Q. What would happen if the loop of Henle does not exist, and the proximal convoluted tubule leads directly to the collecting duct?

a. Volume of excreted urine would increase.

b. Metabolic activity in the kidney will decrease.

c. Urine osmolarity would decrease.

d. Urine would become isotonic with blood plasma.

e. All of the above.

Q. The role of antidiuretic hormone is to:

a. reduce water permeability in the loop of Henle.

b. reduce water permeability of the collecting ducts.

c. reduce total blood volume.

d. increase urine volume.

e. increase urine osmolarity.

The net income reported on the income statement for the current year was $1061000. Depreciation recorded on plant assets was $200000. Accounts receivable and inventories increased by $56000 and $37000, respectively. Prepaid expenses and accounts payable decreased by $5000 and $51000, respectively. How much cash was provided by operating activities?

1122000

1171000

$1400000.

1078000

Consider my cost of capital is 4%. I have got three projects to choose from.

A)
NPV = -49000
IRR = 5.5%

B)
NPV = -40000
IRR = 6%

C)
NPV = -55000
IRR = 5%

One can observe that all NPV'sare negative but IRRwise projects are good. Kindly advise regarding how to critically evaluate the projects to choose the best one.

Please complete the following functions using C.

------------------------------------------------------------

#include

#include "dynarray.h"

/*

* This is the definition of the dynamic array structure you'll use for your

* implementation. Importantly, your dynamic array implementation will store

* each data element as a void* value. This will permit data of any type to

* be stored in your array. Because each individual element will be stored in

* your array as type void*, the data array needs to be an array of void*.

* Hence it is of type void**.

*

* You should not modify this structure.

*/

struct dynarray {

void** data;

int size;

int capacity;

};

/*

* This function should allocate and initialize a new, empty dynamic array and

* return a pointer to it. The array you allocate should have an initial

* capacity of 2.

*/

struct dynarray* dynarray_create() {

return NULL;

}

/*

* This function should free the memory associated with a dynamic array. In

* particular, while this function should up all memory used in the array

* itself (i.e. the underlying `data` array), it should not free any memory

* allocated to the pointer values stored in the array. In other words, this

* function does not need to *traverse* the array and free the individual

* elements. This is the responsibility of the caller.

*

* Params:

* da - the dynamic array to be destroyed. May not be NULL.

*/

void dynarray_free(struct dynarray* da) {

return;

}

/*

* This function should return the size of a given dynamic array (i.e. the

* number of elements stored in it, not the capacity).

*/

int dynarray_size(struct dynarray* da) {

return 0;

}

/*

* This function should insert a new value to a given dynamic array. For

* simplicity, this function should only insert elements at the *end* of the

* array. In other words, it should always insert the new element immediately

* after the current last element of the array. If there is not enough space

* in the dynamic array to store the element being inserted, this function

* should double the size of the array.

*

* Params:

* da - the dynamic array into which to insert an element. May not be NULL.

* val - the value to be inserted. Note that this parameter has type void*,

* which means that a pointer of any type can be passed.

*/

void dynarray_insert(struct dynarray* da, void* val) {

return;

}

/*

* This function should remove an element at a specified index from a dynamic

* array. All existing elements following the specified index should be moved

* forward to fill in the gap left by the removed element. In other words, if

* the element at index i is removed, then the element at index i+1 should be

* moved forward to index i, the element at index i+2 should be moved forward

* to index i+1, the element at index i+3 should be moved forward to index i+2,

* and so forth.

*

* Params:

* da - the dynamic array from which to remove an element. May not be NULL.

* idx - the index of the element to be removed. The value of `idx` must be

* between 0 (inclusive) and n (exclusive), where n is the number of

* elements stored in the array.

*/

void dynarray_remove(struct dynarray* da, int idx) {

return;

}

/*

* This function should return the value of an existing element a dynamic

* array. Note that this value should be returned as type void*.

*

* Params:

* da - the dynamic array from which to get a value. May not be NULL.

* idx - the index of the element whose value should be returned. The value

* of `idx` must be between 0 (inclusive) and n (exclusive), where n is the

* number of elements stored in the array.

*/

void* dynarray_get(struct dynarray* da, int idx) {

return NULL;

}

/*

* This function should update (i.e. overwrite) the value of an existing

* element in a dynamic array.

*

* Params:

* da - the dynamic array in which to set a value. May not be NULL.

* idx - the index of the element whose value should be updated. The value

* of `idx` must be between 0 (inclusive) and n (exclusive), where n is the

* number of elements stored in the array.

* val - the new value to be set. Note that this parameter has type void*,

* which means that a pointer of any type can be passed.

*/

void dynarray_set(struct dynarray* da, int idx, void* val) {

return;

}

For each of the following answer choices explain why the specific choice is incorrect or correct. Give a detailed explanation with relevant outside information for your justification of a choice of falsification. Each falsification or justification should be no less than a paragraph each.

The energy released during oxidation of glucose to CO2 and water is high and can produce many molecules of NADH. Why then are only few molecules of NADH made during glycolysis when it appears that many more could be formed?

A. Most of the free energy available from the oxidation of glucose is used in the production of ATP in glycolysis.

B. Glycolysis is a very inefficient reaction, with much of the energy of glucose released as heat.

C. Most of the free energy available from the oxidation of glucose remains in pyruvate, one of the products of glycolysis.

D. There is no CO2 or water produced as products of glycolysis.

QUESTION 1

1. Which of the following is an enzyme?

   		a G protein
   		a G protein-coupled receptor
   		ATP
   		All of the above
   		None of the above

1 points   

QUESTION 2

1. Which of the following is true for all enzymes?

   		They alter the transition state.
   		They decrease ΔG.
   		They provide energy for endergonic reactions.
   		They harness energy from ATP.

1 points   

QUESTION 3

1. The pathway of glycolysis can be found in:

   		Anaerobic bacteria only
   		Anaerobic species only
   		All bacteria, but not Eukaryotes
   		All species

1 points   

QUESTION 4

1. Which of the following best explains why aerobic metabolism is "better" than anaerobic metabolism?

   		It produces water
   		It produces CO2.
   		It produces more ATP for every molecule of glucose oxidized.
   		It doesn't require glucose.

1 points   

QUESTION 5

1. The Citric Acid Cycle nets _____ molecule(s) of ATP per molecule of glucose (assume GTP and ATP are interchangeable).

   		1
   		2
   		3
   		4

Compare and contrast the following for both nucleic acids and proteins:

What determines directionality? At which end do you start synthesizing the molecule?

What are the monomers called?

What is the name of the bond that links the monomers and what type of bond

is it?

What is the variable portion of the monomer and what is the constant portion?

Compare and contrast the structure, function and properties of DNA and RNA.

3. Briefly describe how different amino acid sequences can lead to different protein structures and functions. Be sure to refer to the different levels of protein folding.

4. Briefly describe the properties of lipid bilayers and how this dictates membrane permeability. Be sure to mention which types of molecules can and cannot pass through the lipid bilayer.

5. Describe the different types of membrane transport and how they relate to concentration gradients and energy.

1) Functions of the large intestine include :

Temporary food storage

resorption of water and compaction of feces

chemical digestion of chyme

absorption of the products of digestion

all the above

2) what does Benedict's reagent test for when analyzing amylase activity?

presence of amino acids

enzymatic activity of proteinases

hydrolysis of glucose

presence of simple sugars

3) Which of the following is NOT a basic process of the gastrointestinal system?

Filtration

absorption

digestion

secretion

motility

4) what cell produces pepsinogen?

duodenal cell

acinar cell

beta cell

chief cell

5) what does biuret reagent test for when analyzing pepsin activity?

hydrolysis of nucleic acid

presence of alcohol sugars

products of lipase

hydrolysis of proteins

Please help me answer this question