New threat to AGOA benefits' by Kevin Lovell

SUNDAY, 02 OCTOBER 2016

SOURCE: ENCA / ANN (SOUTH AFRICA)

The United States poultry industry has warned that South Africa could once again lose its trade free access for many exports to the market if South African poultry and pork producers get a court injunction to block US chicken imports.

US Poultry and Egg Export Council (Usapeec) president James Sumner said that if the South African Poultry Association (Sapa) and SA Pork Producers Organisation (Sappo) won their court case “it probably would – and should – trigger another out-of-cycle review under Agoa”.

The African Growth and Opportunity Act (Agoa) is the US law which allows eligible African countries to export many products to the US duty-free. It has been particularly beneficial to South African automobile, wine, and fruit exporters.

But South Africa nearly lost its key Agoa benefits last year as a result of an “out-of-cycle” review triggered by US poultry, pork, and beef producers who complained that South Africa was violating Agoa by blocking imports of their products.

South Africa eventually negotiated its continued participation in Agoa by lifting 15-year-old anti-dumping duties for a quota of 65,000 tons of chicken parts a year and also lifted health restrictions which continued to block poultry, pork, and beef imports.

But Sapa and Sappo have now appealed the lifting of the health restrictions on imported US poultry and pork. Sappo CEO Simon Streicher has been quoted in South African media saying his organisation was not convinced the US was doing enough to prevent its pork bringing porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) into the country.

Streicher told The Poultry Site that South Africa was one of only a few countries in the world where PRRS had been eliminated and Sappo was wary of allowing it back in. He said about 500kg of US pork shoulders had already been blocked since the concession was made because of PRRS concerns.

Sapa is appealing against concessions by the government concerning the standard salmonella protocol for testing imported products, because of the risk of people getting sick if contaminated poultry enters the country.

Sapa CEO Kevin Lovell said Sapa and Sappo’s appeals should not have a negative impact on the Agoa agreement, as it was not an attack on agreed quotas. “All we want is for the United States to follow the same protocols as any other country.”

However, Sumner was convinced that if Sapa and Sappo won their court appeals South Africa’s Agoa participation would once again be challenged. He also acknowledged that because of various problems, the US had so far only met about 10 percent of the 65,000 tons quota and was likely to fall far short of it by the end of the year.

Another major obstacle has been that two major supermarket chains, Pick ‘n Pay and Checkers, have decided not to import US poultry. Jim Wayt managing director of Intervision Foods, one of the US companies exporting poultry to SA, said he was convinced that this was because the supermarkets were trying to avoid public perception of health problems rather than because of any real health concerns.

“If we get a level playing field, rather than a Lovell playing field, we will be able to compete,” he quipped, punning on the name of Sapa CEO Kevin Lovell, who has been the chief opponent of US poultry imports.

Sumner also expressed confidence that the US would eventually be able to meet its quota once it had made the necessary contacts and got back into the market from which it had been excluded for 17 years.

The US could benefit from a possible imposition of tariffs on poultry imports from the European Union (EU), which now enter the South African market tariff-free under the EU-SA free trade agreement. Wayt said he was expecting the South African trade authorities to make a determination on this on 21 October. The protection which SAPA is seeking for what is says has been a surge of EU poultry imports is a 13.4 percent safeguard duty.

One of the major US complaints has been that it is not only competing with South African poultry producers but also with EU producers who had a huge price advantage

Sumner noted that even after the prohibitive anti-dumping duties on US poultry imports had been lifted for the 65,000 tons a year quota, US poultry producers were still paying normal duties of 37 percent versus zero for the EU.

“If South African poultry producers can’t compete with us after that duty, coming on top of our landed transport costs – South Africa is not next door to the US – then its not surprising chicken is so expensive in South Africa,” he said.

He also announced that the World Poultry Foundation would be coming to South Africa soon to discuss proposals for a programme to help and train disadvantaged South Africans to enter the poultry industry. Usapeec is funding that programme.

Assignment:

Use the AGOA case reported by Lovell (2016), above, to identify and discuss the most significant trade issues and their implications for economic growth and social welfare (on consumers and producers) in both countries concerned (RSA and US), given the rising protectionist sentiments in the US and the UK. In your economic discussion, use a combination of the economic theories and models listed below to identify and analyse the implications of a possible loss of the US’s AGOA benefits to South Africa – especially given the reported developments around meat products:

a. Production possibilities frontier; Trade gains and economic growth (relevant theories and models) (25%)

b. Government Intervention effects from instruments including import and exports (subsidies; tariffs (taxes), quotas, etc.) (25%)

c. Economic Welfare theories (Producer and Consumer Welfare models) (25%)

AGOA CASE STUDY

New threat to AGOA benefits' by Kevin Lovell

SUNDAY, 02 OCTOBER 2016

SOURCE: ENCA / ANN (SOUTH AFRICA)

The United States poultry industry has warned that South Africa could once again lose its trade free access for many exports to the market if South African poultry and pork producers get a court injunction to block US chicken imports.

US Poultry and Egg Export Council (Usapeec) president James Sumner said that if the South African Poultry Association (Sapa) and SA Pork Producers Organisation (Sappo) won their court case “it probably would – and should – trigger another out-of-cycle review under Agoa”.

The African Growth and Opportunity Act (Agoa) is the US law which allows eligible African countries to export many products to the US duty-free. It has been particularly beneficial to South African automobile, wine, and fruit exporters.

But South Africa nearly lost its key Agoa benefits last year as a result of an “out-of-cycle” review triggered by US poultry, pork, and beef producers who complained that South Africa was violating Agoa by blocking imports of their products.

South Africa eventually negotiated its continued participation in Agoa by lifting 15-year-old anti-dumping duties for a quota of 65,000 tons of chicken parts a year and also lifted health restrictions which continued to block poultry, pork, and beef imports.

But Sapa and Sappo have now appealed the lifting of the health restrictions on imported US poultry and pork. Sappo CEO Simon Streicher has been quoted in South African media saying his organisation was not convinced the US was doing enough to prevent its pork bringing porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) into the country.

Streicher told The Poultry Site that South Africa was one of only a few countries in the world where PRRS had been eliminated and Sappo was wary of allowing it back in. He said about 500kg of US pork shoulders had already been blocked since the concession was made because of PRRS concerns.

Sapa is appealing against concessions by the government concerning the standard salmonella protocol for testing imported products, because of the risk of people getting sick if contaminated poultry enters the country.

Sapa CEO Kevin Lovell said Sapa and Sappo’s appeals should not have a negative impact on the Agoa agreement, as it was not an attack on agreed quotas. “All we want is for the United States to follow the same protocols as any other country.”

However, Sumner was convinced that if Sapa and Sappo won their court appeals South Africa’s Agoa participation would once again be challenged. He also acknowledged that because of various problems, the US had so far only met about 10 percent of the 65,000 tons quota and was likely to fall far short of it by the end of the year.

Another major obstacle has been that two major supermarket chains, Pick ‘n Pay and Checkers, have decided not to import US poultry. Jim Wayt managing director of Intervision Foods, one of the US companies exporting poultry to SA, said he was convinced that this was because the supermarkets were trying to avoid public perception of health problems rather than because of any real health concerns.

“If we get a level playing field, rather than a Lovell playing field, we will be able to compete,” he quipped, punning on the name of Sapa CEO Kevin Lovell, who has been the chief opponent of US poultry imports.

Sumner also expressed confidence that the US would eventually be able to meet its quota once it had made the necessary contacts and got back into the market from which it had been excluded for 17 years.

The US could benefit from a possible imposition of tariffs on poultry imports from the European Union (EU), which now enter the South African market tariff-free under the EU-SA free trade agreement. Wayt said he was expecting the South African trade authorities to make a determination on this on 21 October. The protection which SAPA is seeking for what is says has been a surge of EU poultry imports is a 13.4 percent safeguard duty.

One of the major US complaints has been that it is not only competing with South African poultry producers but also with EU producers who had a huge price advantage

Sumner noted that even after the prohibitive anti-dumping duties on US poultry imports had been lifted for the 65,000 tons a year quota, US poultry producers were still paying normal duties of 37 percent versus zero for the EU.

“If South African poultry producers can’t compete with us after that duty, coming on top of our landed transport costs – South Africa is not next door to the US – then its not surprising chicken is so expensive in South Africa,” he said.

He also announced that the World Poultry Foundation would be coming to South Africa soon to discuss proposals for a programme to help and train disadvantaged South Africans to enter the poultry industry. Usapeec is funding that programme.

Assignment:

Use the AGOA case reported by Lovell (2016), above, to identify and discuss the most significant trade issues and their implications for economic growth and social welfare (on consumers and producers) in both countries concerned (RSA and US), given the rising protectionist sentiments in the US and the UK. In your economic discussion, use a combination of the economic theories and models listed below to identify and analyse the implications of a possible loss of the US’s AGOA benefits to South Africa – especially given the reported developments around meat products:

a. Production possibilities frontier; Trade gains and economic growth (relevant theories and models) (25%)

b. Government Intervention effects from instruments including import and exports (subsidies; tariffs (taxes), quotas, etc.) (25%)

c. Economic Welfare theories (Producer and Consumer Welfare models) (25%)

On October 29, Lobo Co. began operations by purchasing razors for resale. The razors have a 90-day warranty. When a razor is returned, the company discards it and mails a new one from Merchandise Inventory to the customer. The company's cost per new razor is $14 and its retail selling price is $70. The company expects warranty costs to equal 6% of dollar sales. The following transactions occurred.

1a. Prepare journal entries to record above transactions and adjustments.

1b. How much warranty expense is reported for November and December?

1c. How much warranty expense is reported for January?

1d. What is the balance of the estimated warranty liability account as of Dec 31?

On October 29, Lobo Co. began operations by purchasing razors for resale. The razors have a 90-day warranty. When a razor is returned, the company discards it and mails a new one from Merchandise Inventory to the customer. The company's cost per new razor is $15 and its retail selling price is $80. The company expects warranty costs to equal 8% of dollar sales. The following transactions occurred. Nov. 11 Sold 60 razors for $4,800 cash. 30 Recognized warranty expense related to November sales with an adjusting entry. Dec. 9 Replaced 12 razors that were returned under the warranty. 16 Sold 180 razors for $14,400 cash. 29 Replaced 24 razors that were returned under the warranty. 31 Recognized warranty expense related to December sales with an adjusting entry. Jan. 5 Sold 120 razors for $9,600 cash. 17 Replaced 29 razors that were returned under the warranty. 31 Recognized warranty expense related to January sales with an adjusting entry. 5. What is the balance of the Estimated Warranty Liability account as of January 31?

On October 29, Lobo Co. began operations by purchasing razors for resale. The razors have a 90-day warranty. When a razor is returned, the company discards it and mails a new one from Merchandise Inventory to the customer. The company's cost per new razor is $15 and its retail selling price is $80. The company expects warranty costs to equal 8% of dollar sales. The following transactions occurred. Nov. 11 Sold 60 razors for $4,800 cash. 30 Recognized warranty expense related to November sales with an adjusting entry. Dec. 9 Replaced 12 razors that were returned under the warranty. 16 Sold 180 razors for $14,400 cash. 29 Replaced 24 razors that were returned under the warranty. 31 Recognized warranty expense related to December sales with an adjusting entry. Jan. 5 Sold 120 razors for $9,600 cash. 17 Replaced 29 razors that were returned under the warranty. 31 Recognized warranty expense related to January sales with an adjusting entry. 4. What is the balance of the Estimated Warranty Liability account as of December 31?

A cruise company would like to estimate the average beer consumption to plan its beer inventory levels on future​ seven-day cruises.​ (The ship certainly​ doesn't want to run out of beer in the middle of the​ ocean!) The average beer consumption over 23 randomly selected​ seven-day cruises was 81,648 bottles with a sample standard deviation of 4,596 bottles. Complete parts a and b below.

a. Construct a 95​% confidence interval to estimate the average beer consumption per cruise. The 95​% confidence interval to estimate the average beer consumption per cruise is from a lower limit of BLANK bottles to an upper limit of BLANK bottles. ​(Round to the nearest whole​ numbers.)

b. What assumptions need to be made about this​ population?

A. The only assumption needed is that the population follows the​ Student's t-distribution

B. The only assumption needed is that the population follows the normal probability distribution.

C. The only assumption needed is that the population size is larger than 30.

D. The only assumption needed is that the population distribution is skewed to one side.

Nigel McCloskey is a waiter at Albicious Foods in South Carolina. He is single with one withholding allowance. He receives the standard tipped hourly wage. During the week ending October 22, 20XX, he worked 44 hours and received $194 in tips. Calculate his gross pay, assuming his tips are included in the overtime rate determination. Use Table 3-2. Required: 1. Complete the payroll register for Nigel McCloskey. 2a. Does Albicious Foods need to contribute to Nigel’s wages to meet FLSA requirements? 2b. If so, how much should be contributed?

Closer to the November election, better precision and smaller margins of error are desired. Assume the following margins of error are requested for surveys to be conducted during the electoral campaign. Assume a planning value of p^* = 0.50 and a 90% confidence level. What is the recommended sample size for each survey? Show work

1. For September, the desired margin of error is 0.045. ____________

2. For October, the desired margin of error is 0.035. ____________

3. For early November, the desired margin of error is 0.025. ____________

4. For pre-election day, the desired margin of error is 0.015. ____________

Try to make it as simple as you can. Please provide the answers with some examples as fast as you can.

1-Which of the following best defines a computer used as a server?

a)Computer hardware that includes fast disk drives and a lot of memory

b)Operating system software that includes clients, such as a Web browser and Client for Microsoft Networks

c)Operating system software that includes directory services and domain name services

d)A computer with Linux installed.

2-If you want to make a computer a domain controller, which of the following should you installed?

3-You have been asked to advise a business on how best to set up its Windows network. Eight workstations are running Windows Vista Business. The business recently acquires a new contract that requires running a network application on a server. A secure and reliable environment is critical to run this application, and security management should be centralized. There is enough budgets for new hardware and software, if necessary. Which Windows networking model should you advise this business to use?

a)A Windows domain using Active Directory    b)A Window workgroup using Active Directory

c)A peer –to-peer network using File and Printer Sharing   d)A peer-to-peer network using Active Directory

4-What command should you use to test your IP configuration settings after a new Windows Server 2012 installation?

5-Which of the following is a reason for installing a new server? (Choose all that apply.)

6-Which of the following is a feature of Active Directory? (Choose all that apply.)

7-Which of the following is the responsibility of domain controllers? (Choose all that apply.)

8-Which of the following is associated with an Active Directory forest? (Choose all that apply.)

a)Contains trees with different naming structures   b)Allows independent domain administration

c)Contains domains with different schemas    d)Represents the broadest element in Active Directory

9-Which of the following defines the types of objects in Active Directory?

10-Which container has a default GPO linked to it?

Try to make it as simple as you can. Please provide the answers with some examples as fast as you can.

1-Which of the following best defines a computer used as a server?

a)Computer hardware that includes fast disk drives and a lot of memory

b)Operating system software that includes clients, such as a Web browser and Client for Microsoft Networks

c)Operating system software that includes directory services and domain name services

d)A computer with Linux installed.

2-If you want to make a computer a domain controller, which of the following should you installed?

3-You have been asked to advise a business on how best to set up its Windows network. Eight workstations are running Windows Vista Business. The business recently acquires a new contract that requires running a network application on a server. A secure and reliable environment is critical to run this application, and security management should be centralized. There is enough budgets for new hardware and software, if necessary. Which Windows networking model should you advise this business to use?

a)A Windows domain using Active Directory    b)A Window workgroup using Active Directory

c)A peer –to-peer network using File and Printer Sharing   d)A peer-to-peer network using Active Directory

4-What command should you use to test your IP configuration settings after a new Windows Server 2012 installation?

5-Which of the following is a reason for installing a new server? (Choose all that apply.)

6-Which of the following is a feature of Active Directory? (Choose all that apply.)

7-Which of the following is the responsibility of domain controllers? (Choose all that apply.)

8-Which of the following is associated with an Active Directory forest? (Choose all that apply.)

a)Contains trees with different naming structures   b)Allows independent domain administration

c)Contains domains with different schemas    d)Represents the broadest element in Active Directory

9-Which of the following defines the types of objects in Active Directory?

10-Which container has a default GPO linked to it?