1. Needs to use SPSS to compute these things.
2. Insomnia has become an epidemic in the United States. Much research has been done in the development of new pharmaceuticals to aide those who suffer from insomnia. Alternatives to the pharmaceuticals are being sought by sufferers. A new relaxation technique has been tested to see if it is effective in treating the disorder. Sixty insomnia sufferers between the ages of 18 to 40 with no underlying health conditions volunteered to participate in a clinical trial. They were randomly assigned to either receive the relaxation treatment or a proven pharmaceutical treatment. Thirty were assigned to each group. The amount of time it took each of them to fall asleep was measured and recorded. The data is shown below. Run an independent samples t-test to determine if the relaxation treatment is more effective than the pharmaceutical treatment at a level of significance of 0.05. Report the test statistic using correct APA formatting and interpret the results.

In general, high school and college students are the most pathologically sleep-deprived segment of the population. Their alertness during the day is on par with that of untreated narcoleptics and those with untreated sleep apnea. Not surprisingly, teens are also 71 percent more likely to drive drowsy and/or fall asleep at the wheel compared to other age groups. (Males under the age of twenty-six are particularly at risk.)

The accompanying data set represents the number of hours 25 college students at a small college in the northeastern United States slept and is from a random sample. Enter this data into C1 of Minitab Express.

6 9 7 7 6 7 7 5 8 6 6 6 8 8 8 5 4 6 7 8 5 8 7 6 7

For the analyses that follow, we shall use

·         90%, 95%, and 99% as the confidence levels for the confidence interval.

·      5% as the level of significance ( ) for the hypothesis test.

·         7 hours sleep as the null hypothesis (according to The Sleep Foundation).

i.       Write the null ( ) and alternative ( ) hypotheses to test if the sample data provides sufficient evidence to support the claim that the mean number of hours slept is less than 7 hours.

a.    Manually calculate the observed value of the test statistic, . First, write the symbolic equation, then replace the inputs with their respective values, and finally calculate the numeric value.

a.    Manually calculate the observed value of the test statistic, . First, write the symbolic equation, then replace the inputs with their respective values, and finally calculate the numeric value.

The game of roulette is popular in many casinos around the world. In Las Vegas, a typical roulette wheel has the numbers 1–36 in slots on the wheel. Half of these slots are red, and the other half are black. In the United States, the roulette wheel typically also has the numbers 0 (zero) and 00 (double zero), and both of these are on the wheel in green slots. Thus, there are 38 slots on the wheel. The dealer spins the wheel and sends a small ball in the opposite direction of the spinning wheel. As the wheel slows, the ball falls into one of the slots, and that is the winning number and color. One of the bets available is simply red or black, for which the odds are 1 to 1. If the player bets on either red or black, and that happens to be the winning color, the player wins the amount of her bet. For example, if the player bets $5 on red and wins, she is paid $5 and she still has her original bet. On the other hand, if the winning color is black or green when the player bets red, the player loses the entire bet.

(a) What is the probability that a player who bets red will win the bet?

(b) If a player bets $10 on red every time the game is played, what is the expected monetary value (expected win)?

(c) In Europe, there is usually no 00 on the wheel, just the 0. With this type of game, what is the probability that a player who bets red will win the bet? If a player bets $10 on red every time in this game (with no 00), what is the expected monetary value?

(d) Since the expected profit (win) in a roulette game is negative, why would a rational person play the game?

Interpert the following Correlations:

Indeco, a U.S. C corporation, operates Grange, a sales branch in Staccato. Indeco’s U.S. corporate marginal tax rate is 35%; it is 20% for Staccato. Grange’s pre-tax profit for the year is $1,000,000. There is no income tax treaty between the United States and Staccato. Staccato’s currency is the U.S. dollar. Compute Indeco’s combined U.S. and foreign income tax on the Grange profits under each of the following assumptions. If an amount is zero, enter "0". If required, use the minus sign to indicate a "refund". U.S. Income Tax Staccato Income Tax Combined Tax Liability a. U.S. income tax law allows no deduction or credit for foreign income taxes paid. $ 350,000 $ 200,000 $ b. U.S. income tax law allows only a deduction for foreign income taxes paid. $ $ 200,000 $ c. U.S. income tax law allows only an exclusion of foreign branch profits. $ 0 $ 200,000 $ d. U.S. income tax law allows only a credit for the full amount of foreign income taxes paid. $ $ 200,000 $ e. U.S. income tax law allows only a credit for the full amount of foreign income taxes paid. The applicable Staccato tax rate is now 40%. $ $ 400,000 $ f. U.S. income tax law allows only a credit for the full amount of foreign income taxes paid, but limited currently to the corresponding tax on this income at U.S. rates. The applicable Staccato tax rate is now 40%.

Please compelete long detailed answer and be specific please draw graphs with your answers of available, but they are not required. If you use graph, you can also explain what information you want me to get from the graph. Please Limit all answers upto words of 300.

1. Suppose the American Medical Association (AMA) wants to improve the quality of physicians. Give TWO examples of how they could change their licensing policies to accomplish this.
2. Using moral hazard as the main basis of your reasoning, explain why having health insurance leads to more use of health care goods and services than is economically desirable.
3. Between 2008 and 2010, TOTAL EMPLOYMENT in the United States declined by approximately 5.1 percent. During this same time, jobs in the Health Care industry increased by 6.4 percent. Using theory discussed in this course, explain WHY the health care industry did not decline with the rest of U.S. employment.
4. Explain why a majority of individuals in nursing homes are women and/or poor.
5. The total volume of prescription and non-prescription pharmaceuticals is about a 50/50 split. The total revenue, however, is far from that with more than 6 times the amount of revenue going towards prescription. Explain why this is.
6. Define revenue risk and explain why this risk is so low in the medical field.
7. Explain the positive externalities of a flu shot. Be specific of who receives these externalities. Your answer should include an explanation of what externalities are.

Question 1)

Many economist , starting with Adam Smith in 1776 agree that free trade has the following benefits: (select all that apply)

Question 2)

When looking at a country's Balance of Payments, the Current Account tracks the flow of imports and exports in goods and services .

True

False

Question 3)

We know from our in-class instruction that the development of the single European currency and the European Economic Union took many years to develop. To date the European Union has been largely successful judging from Opinion Polls taken in the Euro Zone. Which of the follwing statements about the European Union are not true. (select all that apply)

Question 4)

In 2001 the World Trade Organization (WTO) kicked off the Doha Round of global Trade Negotiations. In 2015 the Doha Round ended without any agreements being signed. The failure of the Doha Round is said to have spawned a number of regional trade agreements. True or false?

According the National Center for Health Statistics, the distribution of serum cholesterol levels for 20- to 74-year-old males living in the United States has mean 211 mg/dl, and a standard deviation of 46 mg/dl.

a. We are planning to collect a sample of 25 individuals and measure their cholesterol levels. What is the probability that our sample average will be above 230?

b. Which numbers are 1.96 standard errors away rom the expected value of the sampling distributions(i.e. 95% of sample averages will fall between what two numbers?) Show all work.

c. Let's say we had only collected samples of 10. What is the standard error now? What is the probability that our sample average will be above 230?

d. What tow numbers would contain 95% of our sample averages now? How does this compare with #2? Show all work.

e. Now consider a sample of 50. What two numbers would contain 95% of our sample averages? How does this compare with #2 and #4? Show all work.

f. How large would the sample size need to be in order to ensure a 95% confidence interval will have a length of 10 mg/dl? Show all work.

g. How large would the sample size need to be in order to ensure that the bounds of a 90% confidence interval will be within 5 mg/dl of the sample mean? Show all work.

Riggs and Murtaugh Engine Inc. (RME) is suffering from the effects of increased local and global competition for its main product, a lawn mower that is sold in discount stores throughout the United States. The following table shows the results of RME’s operations for 2018.

1. Compute RME’s breakeven point in both units and dollars and compute the contribution margin ratio.
2. What would be the required sales, in units and in dollars, to generate a pretax profit of $44,000?
3. Assume a combined income tax rate of 25%. What would be the required sales volume, in both units and in dollars, to generate an after-tax profit of $44,000?
4. Refer to the original data.  The manager believes that a $40,000 increase in advertising would result in a $175,000 increase in annual sales. If the manager is right, what will be the effect on the company’s operating profit or loss?
5. Refer to the original data. The vice president in charge of sales feels that a 10% reduction in price in combination with a $40,000 increase in advertising will cause unit sales to increases by 20%. What effect would this strategy have on operating profit (loss)?
6. Refer to the original data. During 2018, RME saved $6 of unit variable costs per lawn mower by buying from a different manufacturer. However, the cost of changing the plant machinery to accommodate the new part cost an additional $60,000 in fixed cost per year. Was this a wise change? Why or why not?

1. The Sturgeon Corp. has developed a new line of spinning reel it plans to produce and sell in the United States. The cost of the necessary equipment will be $2.8 million plus $340,000 for installation and delivery. The equipment falls into the MACRS 7-year class. The equipment will be scrapped when the project is finished in 5 years for an estimated $700,000. Sturgeon estimates that sales in the first year of production will be 110,000 units at $30 apiece. Due to intense marketing and word-of-mouth advertising, they believe sales will increase by 50% in the second year. Sales are estimated to grow at 10% in the third year. Sales in year 4 and 5 will be the same as in year 3. Variable production costs will be 65% of sales. Fixed costs will be $250,000 in year 1, and will increase at 4% per year. The sales price of the spinning reel is estimated to increase at 4% per year over the life of the project also. Net operating working capital requirements will be 6% of sales. If Sturgeon is in the 40% tax bracket, what will be the cash flows for each year of this project (don’t forget time 0 and the extra terminal year cash flows) Also calculate the NPV assuming Sturgeon has a 12% cost of capital. Should Sturgeon Accept the project?  

2. Explain the major differences between cash flows for replacement (cost cutting) projects versus cash flows for expansion projects.

3. What are substitutionary and complementary effects in the context of capital budgeting cash flow analysis? Give an example of each.  

4. What are opportunity costs in cash flow analysis?