Truck pollution: In an experiment to determine the effect of ambient temperature on the emissions of oxides of nitrogen (NOx) of diesel trucks, 10 trucks were run at temperatures of 40°F and 80°F. The emissions, in parts per billion, are presented in the following table.

Truck                         40° F                              80° F

1                                 834.7                             815.2

2                               753.2                               755.2

3                                855.7                             812.6

4                              901.2                               797.1

5                                785.4                              744.3

6                                862.9                              819.5

7                                882.7                              783.6

8                               740.3                               694.5

9                              748.0                                 732.9

10                           848.6                                  794.7

a. Construct a 95% confidence interval for the difference between the parameters of interest. Show all work including formula used. b. Interpret the interval. c. Researchers claim that the population mean emission of oxides of nitrogen from diesel trucks run at 80 degrees F is more than 20 points lower than that of trucks run at 40 degrees F. Do you agree with the claim? Explain

(a) A helium lamp is used for an experiment to study the photoelectric effect. The visible part of the spectrum emitted from the lamp is split into its components using a glass prism, which reveals a yellow spectral line at 587nm and a blue spectral line at 447nm.

(i) Explain briefly the origin of the distinct lines of different colour.

(ii) Has blue or yellow light higher energy (per photon)? Justify your answer.

(iii) The refractive index of the glass prism is larger for blue light than for yellow. Will the direction of blue or yellow light change by a larger angle compared to the incident light? Justify your answer.

(iv) Has blue or yellow light higher velocity within the glass prism? Justify your answer.

(b) The yellow light and blue light from part (a) hit a piece of potassium with work function 2.29 eV.

(i) Calculate the energy of the emitted photoelectrons.

(ii) Electrons are fermions. State the difference between fermions and bosons in terms of their spin quantum number.

(iii) Briefly explain the meaning of the Pauli exclusion principle.

(iv) A helium ion with total charge −e has 3 electrons. Show that there are four different combinations of spin magnetic quantum number that these electrons can have. Justify your answer on the basis of the aufbau principle.

1. If the HCl used in this experiment was prepared at a concentration of 0.15M. Using your volume of HCl neutralized by your whole tablet, calculate the mass of active ingredient (CaCO3) in the tablet in milligrams.

2. Instead of using ratios for back titrations we can also use molarities, if our solutions are standardized. A 0.196g sample of antacid containing an unknown amount of triprotic base Al(OH)3 was reacted with 25.0mL of 0.111M HCl. The resulting solution was then titrated with 11.05mL of 0.132M NaOH solution. Calculate the mass percent of Al(OH)3 in the antacid sample.

2. An experiment was conducted to determine if a drug could be used as a treatment for the eating disorder anorexia. The test subjects were women being treated for anorexia. A group of 50 patients received the drug, and after a year, 39 were deemed healthy. Construct a 99% confidence interval for the true proportion of patients who would be deemed healthy after receiving the drug for a year.

In a bubble chamber experiment, the decay of a Σ+ particle into a π+ particle and a neutron is observed when a 1.03 T magnetic field is applied perpendicular to the paths of the particles. The Σ+ and π+ particles leave curved tracks of radii 2.01 m and 0.588 m respectively. The rest masses are mΣ+ = 1189.4 MeV/c2 and mπ+ = 139.6 MeV/c2. If at the moment of decay, the angle between the momentum of the Σ+ and π+ particles is 71.6°, what is the magnitude of the momentum of the neutron? (Express your answer in units of MeV/c.)

A team of comparative psychologists are interested in the maternal behavior or rats. In an experiment, 10, 20, and 25 day-old rat pups were separated from their mothers. They then recorded the time (in seconds) required for the mother rats to retrieve the pups. The psychologists were interest in whether retrieval time varies with age. The data are given below. What can be concluded with an α of 0.05?

a) What is the appropriate test statistic?
---Select--- na one-way ANOVA within-subjects ANOVA two-way ANOVA

b) Compute the appropriate test statistic(s) to make a decision about H₀.
critical value =  ; test statistic =  
Decision:  ---Select--- Reject H0 Fail to reject H0

c) Compute the corresponding effect size(s) and indicate magnitude(s).
η² =  ;  ---Select--- na trivial effect small effect medium effect large effect

A student followed the procedure of this experiment to determine the percent NaOCl in a commercial bleaching solution that was found in the basement of an abandoned house. The student diluted 50.00 mL of commercial bleaching solution to 250 mL in a volumetric flask, and titrated a 20-mL aliquot of the diluted bleaching solution. The titration required 35.46 mL of 0.1052M Na2S2O3 solution. A faded price label on the gallon bottle read $0.79. The density of the bleaching solution was 1.10 g/mL

Calculate the mass of NaOCl present in the diluted bleaching solution titrated

A researcher conducts an experiment in a residence for senior citizens to investigate the effect of floor type on the risk of fall-related injury. For 24 randomly selected individuals in the facility, she records the type of flooring (either standard flooring or a new, rubber flooring that absorbs the impact of falls) in their room and whether they sustained at least one fall-related injury in their room over the previous two years. She is interested in whether the rubber flooring is associated with a reduced risk of injury. Her data are available in the file fall.csv.

fall csv :

a. What are the null and alternative hypotheses?

b. What is the value of the test statistic?

c. What is the p-value?

d. State your conclusions in the language of the problem. Use a significance level of 10%.

e. Which assumption is required for the validity of your hypothesis test and why might it be reasonable in this context?

A team of comparative psychologists are interested in the maternal behavior or rats. In an experiment, 10, 20, and 25 day-old rat pups were separated from their mothers. They then recorded the time (in seconds) required for the mother rats to retrieve the pups. The psychologists were interest in whether retrieval time varies with age. The data are given below. What can be concluded with an α of 0.05?

Make an interpretation based on the results.

At least one of the rat pup ages differed on the mother retrieval time.None of the rat pup ages differed on the mother retrieval time.    

e) Conduct Tukey's Post Hoc Test for the following comparisons:
1 vs. 3: difference =  ; significant:  ---Select--- Yes No
1 vs. 2: difference =  ; significant:  ---Select--- Yes No

f) Conduct Scheffe's Post Hoc Test for the following comparisons:
1 vs. 2: test statistic =  ; significant:  ---Select--- Yes No
1 vs. 3: test statistic =  ; significant:  ---Select--- Yes No

An experiment to test the effects of alcohol on motor skills was conducted for a group that drank alcohol and a group that had a placebo. The 22 individuals in the alcohol group had a mean error rate of 4.20 and a standard deviation of 2.20. The 22 individuals in the placebo group had a mean error rate of 1.71 and a standard deviation of 0.72.

a. Construct a 95% confidence interval for the difference in the population means.

b. Interpret the interval.

c. Does the data indicate that drinking alcohol affects motor skills? If “YES”, explain why. If “NO”, what does the data indicate about drinking alcohol and motor skills? No credit for “YES/NO” answer only