It has been determined that an x-ray machine has a Half Value Layer of 1.80 mm Aluminum. Explain the concerns with the emission of the photon beam and patient exposure. What are the changes to the continuous and discrete spectrums, and the correction measures required? Be descriptive and do not use fragmented sentences.

Insanity is among the excuses recognized by law. However, throughout history the legal definition of insanity has changed. Do you think these changes have made its application more effective? Why or why not? How does the insanity defense differ from diminished capacity.

Use the IS-LM model to explain and show how the level of income and the rate of interest are affected by each of the following changes in a closed economy respectively:

(a)    An autonomous decline in investment spending.   

(b)    An increase in money supply.   

(c)    An increase in government expenditure financed by an equal amount in taxes.

Many students feel stressed when formal tests are being written, even if they have studied. Describe the changes that take place in the body as a result of this stress, and the nervous or hormonal factor causing each change. What suggestions could you offer to overcome these feeling of stress.

Sometimes heritable characteristics that do not contribute to greater survival or reproduction become more common in a population over time, through the process of genetic drift. Define genetic drift, and explain how it can lead to changes in the frequency of certain characteristics within a population (i.e., evolution

Answer the following questions. (5)

(a) What is the implication of a correlation matric not being positive-semidefinite?

(b) Why are the diagonal elements of a correlation matrix always 1?

(c) Making small changes to a positive-semidefinite matrix with 100 variables will have no effect on the matrix. Explain this statement?

1. Explain how the intertemporal budget constraint and indifference curves are used to derive a consumer’s optimal choice of current and future consumption.

2. Explain how the desired levels of capital and investment are affected by changes in the expected marginal product of capital, the user cost of capital, and taxes.

Which statement below is most precise?

a. Deceleration means that the acceleration is negative

b. Acceleration tells us how quickly the speed changes

c. When the acceleration and the velocity have the same sign the object's speed Increases

d. A positive acceleration always points to the right