Physiology, Respiratory system
Under resting conditions, approximately 25% of the oxygen is extracted from the oxygenated blood into the tissues to maintain their basal metabolic need. Describe (with all the possible mechanisms) how an individual can increase the unloading of oxygen from the oxygenated blood into the working tissues during exercise. (Worth 15 marks)
Please answer it so its worth about 15 marks
In: Anatomy and Physiology
2. Assigning Overhead to individual jobs – a. Predetermined Overhead rate is used to assign overhead costs to individual jobs in a manner which approximates their relative usage of overhead items based on estimated data that is established before the period begins. b. But by definition, overhead cannot be directly traced to individual jobs. Predetermined Overhead Rate = Estimated Total Factory Overhead Costs Estimated Activity Base Predetermined Overhead Rate Example: • Assume total manufacturing overhead is estimated to be $ 10,000,000 • Estimated total direct labor hours are estimated to be 50,000 hours Predetermined Overhead Rate: Why use estimated data? • Waiting until the year is over to determine actual overhead costs would be too late. Managers want cost data immediately. • Overhead rates, if based on actual costs and activity, would vary substantially from month to month. Much of this variation would be due to random changes in activity. Process: At the beginning of the year we estimate our total manufacturing overhead costs $ Then we estimated our total activity base … this is either direct labor hours or machine hours. Calculate our predetermined overhead rate. Apply to individual jobs based on actual labor hours. PLEASE COMPLETE THE CHART BELOW: Jobs Actual Hours Overhead Rate Overhead applied McDonalds 1,050 $200 Tunnel 2,900 $200 Target 6,000 $200 Stadium 40,120 $200 50,070
In: Accounting
What are the drawbacks for a company who does not allocate overhead costs to its products? Why might a company do this and what other controls would they have to implement to insure optimal performance?
In: Finance
St. Augustine in the 5th Century held that we are free to make choices in life. This is the idea of free will. It may seem at first glance odd for a religious thinker to say that we have free will. After all, if God exists, then God created all things. God knows already what we will do. God can cause anything to occur. If we cause things to occur, that seems to be a limitation on the power of God and not make God all-powerful. There are also religion traditions that say that we have no free will. There are some theologians in Islam who seem to suggest that is true. In order for this line of reasoning to hold true, one would need to believe free will is an illusion and that we have no control over how we live our lives, but rather that we are puppets moving and acting due to God's will and the powers of destiny and fate. And if this then in the case, how can we possibly be responsible for our actions? The considerations above show us to what degree our religious beliefs can shape us. For instance, someone who believes in free will may experience way more guilt than someone who believes we don't have free will and thus aren't responsible for the choices (and consequences) of the actions we take. Personal struggles with religion and ethics occur in many places, including in the healthcare arena. Consider the following: You are a nurse in a hospital. A 12 year-old was brought to the hospital by an ambulance. The parents have just arrived at the hospital. This 12 year-old has lost a large amount of blood and requires a transfusion. The parents happen to be members of a religion that believes that blood transfusions are immoral. They want to remove the child from the hospital and prevent the transfusion even if it means the death of the child. You have to decide whether or not you will participate in an action that violates the will of the parents and aid in providing blood for the child. If you choose to participate, and even if you are able to legally justify it, you have to think about the distress you are creating for the parents. If you refuse to aid here, you may be subject to retaliation from the hospital. What is the moral thing for the nurse to do here? Initial Post Instructions For the initial post, address the following questions: What would a divine command ethicist say is the moral thing to do here? Why would they say that? Do you agree with the divine command ethics? Why or why not? Evaluate what a natural law ethicist would say is right to do. Do you agree with them? Why or why not? Given what you said are the right things to do, what would an emotivist say about your positions and judgments? What role does subjectivity play here in determining what is ethical?
In: Nursing
The following is a list of 12 control plans from this chapter, followed by a list of 10 examples of System Failures or problem situations that have control implications: Match the 10 system failures with a control plan that would best prevent the system failure from occurring.
Because there are 12 control plans, you should have two letters left over. Control Plans
A. Batch sequence check
B. Confirm input acceptance
C. Programmed edit checks
D. Manual agreement of batch totals
E. Online prompting
F. Cumulative sequence check
G. Electronic approvals
H. Document design
I. Procedures for rejected inputs
J. Compare input data with master data
K. Turnaround documents
L. Digital signatures System Failures
1. At Wynne Company, customer orders are received in the mail in the sales department, where clerks enter individual orders into the company’s computer system and then file the completed orders in a filing cabinet. Customers should receive an acknowledgement for each of their orders. When the customer fails to receive an acknowledgement, the customer calls to inquire. Inevitably, the sales clerk will find the customer’s order filed with other customer orders that had been entered into the computer. The “missing” orders are always marked as “ENTERED”.
2. The tellers at Mason Bank have been having difficulty reconciling their cash drawers. All customer transactions such as deposits and withdrawals are entered online at each teller station. At the end of the shift, the computer prints a list of the transactions that have occurred during the shift. The tellers must then review the list to determine that their drawers contain checks, cash, and other documents to support each entry on the list.
3. Data entry clerks at Dora Company use networked PCs to enter batches of documents into the computer. Recently, a number of errors have been found in key numeric fields. The supervisor would like to implement a control to reduce the transcription errors being made by the clerks.
4. At Central Inc., clerks in the accounting offices of the company’s three divisions prepare pre-numbered general ledger voucher documents. Once prepared, the vouchers are given to each office’s data entry clerk, who keys them into an online terminal. The computer records whatever general ledger adjustment was indicated by the voucher. The controller has found that several vouchers were never recorded, and some vouchers were recorded twice.
5. Purchase orders at Hickory Corp. are prepared online by purchasing clerks. Recently, the purchasing manager discovered that many purchase orders are being sent for quantities far greater (i.e., incorrect quantities) than would normally be requested.
6. At Quality Brokers, Inc., a clerk on the trading floor mistakenly entered the dollar amount of a trade into the box on the computer screen reserved for the number of shares to be sold and then transmitted the incorrect trade to the stock exchange’s computer.
7. At Pilot Company, clerks in the cash applications area of the accounts receivable office open mail containing checks from customers. They prepare a remittance advice (RA) containing the customer number, invoice numbers, amount owed, amount paid, and check number. Once prepared, the RAs are sent to a clerk who keys them into the computer. The accounts receivable manager has been complaining that the RA entry process is slow and error-prone.
8. Dancer Company enters shipping notices in batches. Upon entry, the computer performs certain edits to eliminate those notices that have errors. As a result, many actual shipments never get recorded.
9. Jamie the hacker gained access to the computer system of United Bank and entered the data to transfer funds to his bank account in the Cayman Islands.
10. At Lockhart Company., data entry clerks receive a variety of documents from many departments throughout the company. In some cases, unauthorized inputs are keyed and entered into the computer.
In: Accounting
Profit Center Responsibility Reporting
A-One Freight Inc. has three regional divisions organized as profit centers. The chief executive officer (CEO) evaluates divisional performance using operating income as a percent of revenues. The following quarterly income and expense accounts were provided from the trial balance as of December 31, 20Y3.
| Revenues—Air Division | $ 1,290,700 |
| Revenues—Rail Division | 1,562,500 |
| Revenues—Truck Division | 2,729,100 |
| Operating Expenses—Air Division | 817,900 |
| Operating Expenses—Rail Division | 929,900 |
| Operating Expenses—Truck Division | 1,650,400 |
| Corporate Expenses—Shareholder Relations | 196,300 |
| Corporate Expenses—Customer Support | 665,000 |
| Corporate Expenses—Legal | 294,000 |
| General Corporate Officers’ Salaries | 433,500 |
The company operates three service departments: Shareholder Relations, Customer Support, and Legal. The Shareholder Relations Department conducts a variety of services for shareholders of the company. The Customer Support Department is the company’s point of contact for new service, complaints, and requests for repair. The department believes that the number of customer contacts is an activity base for this work. The Legal Department provides legal services for division management. The department believes that the number of hours billed is an activity base for this work. The following additional information has been gathered:
| Air | Rail | Truck | ||||
| Number of customer contacts | 4,800 | 5,700 | 8,500 | |||
| Number of hours billed | 1,200 | 2,000 | 1,700 | |||
Division management does not control activities related to the shareholder relations department and general corporate officers’ salaries.
Required:
a. Prepare quarterly income statements showing operating income for the three divisions. Use three column headings: Air, Rail, and Truck.
| A-One Freight Inc. | |||
| Divisional Income Statements | |||
| For the Quarter Ended December 31, 20Y3 | |||
| Air | Rail | Truck | |
| Revenues | $ | $ | $ |
| Operating expenses | |||
| Operating income before service department charges | $ | $ | $ |
| Less service department charges: | |||
| Customer support | $ | $ | $ |
| Legal | |||
| Total service department charges | $ | $ | $ |
| Operating income | $ | $ | $ |
b. What is the profit margin percentage of each division? Round to one decimal place.
| Division | Profit Margin |
| Air Division | % |
| Rail Division | % |
| Truck Division | % |
Identify the most successful division according to the profit
margin percentage.
Truck
3. All of the following statements are true regarding the evaluation of divisional performance for A-1 except:
A better measure for A-1 Freight than the amount of operating income per dollar of earned revenue would be either rate of return on investment or residual income, because both measures incorporate asset utilization into the measures.
A better measure for A-1 Freight than the amount of operating income per dollar of earned revenue would be either rate of return on investment or residual income, because the amount of assets used by a division in earning a return is a very important consideration in evaluating divisional performance.
A better measure for A-1 Freight than the amount of operating income per dollar of earned revenue would be either rate of return on investment or residual income, because this company requires a significant investment in fixed assets and distribution facilities.
All of these choices are correct.
Select the correct answer from the choices above.:
d
In: Accounting
Veekay Company was organized on November 1 of the previous year. After seven months of start-up losses, management had expected to earn a profit during June, the most recent month. Management was disappointed, however, when the income statement for June also showed a loss. June’s income statement follows.
Sales $660,000
Less operating expenses
Selling and administrative salaries $ 39,000
Rent on facilities 40,000
Purchases of raw materials 219,000
Insurance 10,000
Depreciation, sales equipment 11,000
Utilities costs 55,000
Indirect labour 119,000
Direct labour 99,000
Depreciation factory equipment 13,000
Maintenance factory 8,000
Advertising 80,000 691,000
Operating loss $(31,000)
After seeing the $31,000 loss for June, Veekay's president stated, "I was sure we'd be profitable within six months, but after eight months we're still spilling red ink. Maybe it's time for us to throw in the towel. To make matters worse, I just heard that Debbie won't be back from her surgery for at least six more weeks."
Debbie is the company's controller; in her absence, the statement above was prepared by a new assistant who has had little experience in manufacturing operations. Additional information about the company follows:
a. Only 85% of the rent on facilities applies to factory operations; the remainder applies to selling and administrative activities.
b. Inventory balances at the beginning and end of June were as follows:
June 1 June 30
Raw materials $19,000 $46,000
Work in process . $77,000 $94,000
Finished goods $22,000 $76,000
c. Some 90% of the insurance and 80% of the utilities cost apply to factory operations; the remaining amounts apply to selling and administrative activities.
The president has asked you to check over the above income statement and make a recommendation as to whether the company should continue operations.
Required:
Required:
In: Accounting
Veekay Company was organized on November 1 of the previous year. After seven months of start-up losses, management had expected to earn a profit during June, the most recent month. Management was disappointed, however, when the income statement for June also showed a loss. June’s income statement follows.
Sales $660,000
Less operating expenses
Selling and administrative salaries $ 39,000
Rent on facilities 40,000
Purchases of raw materials 219,000
Insurance 10,000
Depreciation, sales equipment 11,000
Utilities costs 55,000
Indirect labour 119,000
Direct labour 99,000
Depreciation factory equipment 13,000
Maintenance factory 8,000
Advertising 80,000 691,000
Operating loss $(31,000)
After seeing the $31,000 loss for June, Veekay's president stated, "I was sure we'd be profitable within six months, but after eight months we're still spilling red ink. Maybe it's time for us to throw in the towel. To make matters worse, I just heard that Debbie won't be back from her surgery for at least six more weeks."
Debbie is the company's controller; in her absence, the statement above was prepared by a new assistant who has had little experience in manufacturing operations. Additional information about the company follows:
a. Only 85% of the rent on facilities applies to factory operations; the remainder applies to selling and administrative activities.
b. Inventory balances at the beginning and end of June were as follows:
June 1 June 30
Raw materials $19,000 $46,000
Work in process . $77,000 $94,000
Finished goods $22,000 $76,000
c. Some 90% of the insurance and 80% of the utilities cost apply to factory operations; the remaining amounts apply to selling and administrative activities.
The president has asked you to check over the above income statement and make a recommendation as to whether the company should continue operations.
Required:
Required:
In: Accounting
Racism, juries, and interactions: In a study of racism, Nail, Harton and Decker (2003) had participants read a scenario in which a police officer assaulted a motorist. Half the participants read about an African American officer who assaulted an European American motorist, and half read about a European American officer who assaulted an African American motorist. Participants were categorized based on political orientation: liberal, moderate, or conservative. Participants were told that the officer was acquitted on assault charges in state court but found guilty of violating the motorist’s rights in federal court. Double jeopardy occurs when an individual is tried twice for the same crime. Participants were asked to rate, on a scale of 1-7, the degree to which the officer had been placed in double jeopardy by the second trial. The researchers reported the interaction as F= (2,58)=10.93, p<0.0001. The means for the liberal participants were 3.18 for those who read about the African American officer and 1.91 for those who read about the European American officer. The mean for the moderate participants were 3.50 for those who read about the African American officer and 3.33 for those who read about the European American officer. The means for the conservative participants were 1.25 for those who read about the African American officer and 4.62 for those who read about the European American officer.
a. Draw a table of cell means that includes that actual means for this study.
b. Do the reported statistics indicate that there is a significant interaction? If yes, describe the interaction in your own words.
c. Draw a bar graph that depicts the interaction. Include lines that connect the tops of the bars and show the pattern of the interaction.
d. Is this quantitative or qualitative interaction? Explain
e. Change the cell mean for the conservative participants who read about an African American officer so that this is now a quantitative interaction.
f. Draw a bar graph that depicts the patter that includes the new cell means
g. Change the cell means for the moderate and conservative participants who reads about an African American officer so that there is now no interaction.
h. Draw a bar graph that depicts the pattern that includes the new cell means.
In: Math
Mary Tappin, an assistant Vice President at Galaxy Toys, was disturbed to find on her desk a memo from her boss, Gary Resnick, to the controller of the company. The memo appears below:
GALAXY TOYS INTERNAL MEMO
Sept 15
To: Harry Wilson, Controller
Fm: Gary Resnick, Executive Vice President
As you know, we won't start recording many sales until October when stores start accepting shipments from us for the Christmas season. Meanwhile, we are producing flat-out and are building up our finished goods inventories so that we will be ready to ship next month.
Unfortunately, we are in a bind right now since it looks like the net income for the quarter ending on Sept 30 is going to be pretty awful. This may get us in trouble with the bank since they always review the quarterly financial reports and may call in our loan if they don't like what they see. Is there any possibility that we could change the classification of some of our period costs to product costs--such as the rent on the finished goods warehouse?
Please let me know as soon as possible. The President is pushing for results.
Mary didn't know what to do about the memo. It wasn't intended for her, but its contents were alarming.
Required:
a. Why has Gary Resnick suggested reclassifying some period costs as product costs?
b. Why do you think Mary was alarmed about the memo?
In: Accounting