Please list three challenges to marine birds and reptiles of life in the ocean? For each one, list a species and its adaptation for dealing with that challenge.

Count all nonzero elements, odd numbers and even numbers in a linked list.

Code needed in java through single linked list.

From the list shown below, for each of the following hypothesis testing situations indicate the type of test you would use. Unless indicated otherwise, the significance level for all the tests is .05

One-sample t test

One sample Wilcoxon signed-ranked test

McNemar Test

Two samples t test for independent means with equal variances

Paired samples t-test

F test

Mann-Whitney U test

Chi-square test

Paired Sample Wilcoxon Signed Ranked test

Two samples t test for independent means with unequal variances

A financial aid advisor wants to see if students are overly optimistic about their future salaries. He knows that the distribution of starting salaries for public health majors graduating from the school is normally distributed with a mean of $ 48,000 or u = $4,000 a month. To determine if public health students are overly optimistic about their potential salaries, the counselor obtains a random sample of 15 MPH students from UWF and asks each one of them individually what they expect their monthly salary will be in their first job after graduation. The 15 students' expected starting monthly salaries had a mean of 4,200. The counselor chooses a one-tailed test and alpha of 0.05. The research question is: Is the student's mean estimated starting salary significantly higher than the actual starting salary for nurse’s students?

Researchers want to find a better way of encouraging children to read more and discovered two possible approaches. To decide which to implement, they randomly select two libraries. In library a they enhanced the children's reading area and shelving as suggested in one plan, and in library B, they enhanced the children's reading area according to the other plan. After a year, they collected data on how many books each member of the two borrowed over the period. The researchers assessed the amount of reading in a Likert scale; therefore, the variable reading was an ordinal variable, and although the distribution was symmetric, the researchers could not assume the data is normally distributed.

Researchers wanted to assess if children living in the far north grow more slowly than those who live in sunnier regions. Their null hypothesis was that there would be no significant difference in height between two samples of 14-year-olds chosen from northern Finland and southern Italy. The randomly selected 50 children aged 14 from two different schools and their heights were measured and recorded in centimeters. It is assumed the test variable “height” was normally distributed in each of the populations; the cases represent a random sample from the population, and the scores on the test variable are independent of each other; and the variances of the normally distributed test variable for the populations are equal

A nurse is leading a smoking cessation group and wants to determine the effectiveness of the intervention. The research question is: will providing a 1-hour smoking cessation workshop help to reduce smoking among the participants? Ho= the smoking cessation workshop is not effective in reducing smoking; Ha: the smoking cessation workshop is effective in reducing smoking. The nurse selects 40 participants. The data is assumed to be normally distributed

An investigator read that there is an antibiotic often tested, well documented, and known to help information stored in memory. This experimenter also knows through scientific reports and guidelines that behavioral therapy has an established efficacy for the treatment of the social phobia. In addition, he knows that behavioral therapy requires the learning of new behaviors which implies information storage.   The number of symptoms of social phobia after two types of therapy was investigated. Two groups of individuals with social phobia were compared. The first group (10 participants) received the behavioral therapy; the second group (15 participants) received the behavioral therapy combined with the antibiotic. After each therapy, both groups showed a decrease in the number of symptoms of social phobia. The number of these symptoms was measured and a test was run to decide whether the combined therapy had more effect on the symptoms than the behavioral therapy alone.

At the beginning of 1976 a relative migrated to Australia with $10,000 ‘spare cash’. The money could have been used to buy a block of land or invested in an ‘at-call’ savings account that paid interest at 8% p.a. compounded half-yearly. At the end of 2018, the land was valued by a local real estate agent who was keen to list the property on behalf of his agency, at a price of approximately $400,000.

Required:

1. a) Which of the alternative investments had the higher value at the end of 2018? Justify your response with appropriate calculations.

(Students should write no more than 50 words for this part of the question).

b) i) Assuming the half-yearly compounding of interest, what was the rate of growth in the land value over the total period expressed as a nominal annual interest rate?

ii) What was the rate of growth in the land value over the total period expressed as an effective interest rate?

iii) What was the rate of growth in the ‘at-call’ savings account over the total period expressed as an effective interest rate?

1. c) What investment in the savings account would have been necessary at the beginning of 1976, to have the same value as the land was worth at the end of 2018? Briefly explain your response.

(Students should write no more than 50 words for this part of the question).

d) Recognising both your finance skills and ‘common sense’, one of your friends has asked whether your calculations above allow you to determine which of the investments would have been ‘better’ to make at the beginning of 1976, given the outcomes discussed above at the end of 2018. Provide a well-reasoned, complete response to this question taking into consideration various financial and non-financial issues.

(Students should write no more than 100 words for this part of the question).

1. d) i) You have now been provided further information that the investment in the land required the owner to make continuous annual payments of council rates over the total period held. These amounts are determined in accordance with Table 1 below. Assuming the land was sold at the end of 2018 (but ignoring the expected sale value), what is the adjusted present value at the beginning of 1976 of all the cash outflows relating to the acquisition and continued ownership of the land?

Note: For the purposes of this question assume the following:

1. Rates are payable on the anniversary of each year of land ownership.

2. The annual amount of the rates are determined in accordance with the following formula;

Initial Purchase Cost ($) x Factor (times) x Relevant Percentage (%)

3. Rates are still payable for the 2018 year (for the full year).

Table 1

ii) Taking into consideration the calculations from part e) i) of this question, what is the rate of growth in the land value over the total period expressed as an effective interest rate?

(Students should write no more than 50 words for this part of the question).

1) a negatively charged rod is brought near a second rod that is neutral and suspended from a non conducting spring. The second rod begins to move toward the negative rod, showing attraction of the two rods. after the first rod is removed, the second rod... a) has no net charge. b) has a positive net charge. c) has a negative net charge. d) is polarized with one positive and one negative end

2) An isolated solid metal sphere that sits on an insulating stand is given a net charge of -10 uC. Which of the following statements best describes the charged sphere? A) the net charge will be evenly throughout the volume (B) The net charge will be distributed evenly over the surface of the sphere (C) The net charge will concentrate on the side of the sphere near the insulating stand D) The net charge will be distributed evenly, with half the charge on the outside of the sphere, and half the charge on the inside.

3) Four equally charged positive particles are held in position in a square arrangement, so that each side of the square has a length R. What is the net force on an electron placed in the center of the square? .a) F= 3kq^2/R2 (B) F=4kq^2/R2 C) F=sqrt2 Kq^2/r^2 (D) 0

4) In a laboratory, an oil droplet carrying a two-electron charge is observed to hover between electrically charged plates so that the electric force upward is equal to the gravitational force downward. Which of the following expressions can be used to determine the mass of the oil droplet?

5) The theoretical distance of an electron (in its ground state) from the proton nucleus of a hydrogen atom is called the Bohr radius, which is approximately 5.29 X 10-11 m. What is the electric force of the proton on the electron at this distance?

Larsen Company is a manufacturer of car seats. Each car seat passes through 1st the assembly department and 2nd testing department. This problem focuses on the testing department. Direct materials are added when the testing department process is 90% complete. Conversion costs are added evenly during the testing department’s process. As work in assembly is completed, each unit is immediately transferred to testing. As each unit is completed in testing, it is immediately transferred to Finished Goods. Suppose that Larsen Company uses FIFO in all of its departments. Data for the testing department for October 2014 are as follows:

                                                   Physical      Transferred-          Direct             Conversion

                                                       units          In Costs           Materials                    Costs

Beg. work in process ^a                   7,500        $2,800,000        $0 $835,460

Transferred in currently                 ? =_____ <------ question

Units Completed [UC]                      26,300

End. work in process ^b                     3,700

Total costs added currently        - - - - - - -          $7,735,250       $9,704,700          $3,955,900

-----------------------------------
^aDegree of completion: transferred-in,?____%; direct materials,0%; conversion, 70%.

^bDegree of completion: transferred-in costs,100%; direct materials,0%; conversion costs, 60%.

[And answer Question 1-5 step by step]

Required: Fill in the blanks ABOVE and below. Grading will NOT consider your format and step-by-step solution:

1.a. Are the %s on Beg. Inventory REQUIRED for YOU to compute the equivalent units in the Required Item 1 below? Y/N? ____.

1.b. Compute the Current-period’s equivalent units in the TESTING department:

For the Transferred-in ______________, Direct Material ________________, and Conversion _____________________.

2. Is the total equivalent units the total of OUTPUT or INPUT done? My answer is it’s ________.

4. Calculate the Current-period’s Cost per equivalent unit for:

the Transferred-in ______________, Direct Material ________________, and

Conversion _______________.

5. Assign costs to the units completed and transferred out: $___________________;

and to those in ending work in process: $___________________.

Modern (MPT) and Post-Modern (PMPT) Portfolio Theory  

Harry Markowitz (1952/1957/1959) developed Modern P ortfolio Theory (MPT). Graph the Expected Return on the Portfolio (E(r)p) vs. th e Portfolio Standard Deviation (Show). Show the Rf rate, Capital Allocation Line (CAL), Ef ficient Frontier (EF) Umbrella, Tangency of the CAL/EF along with Utility Curves (U C), show how risk- averse/institutional investors have to lower their utility to get to the Market Basket (M) tangency point. Show how you can move up and down t he Efficient Frontier by buying/selling bonds to reallocate your portfolio b etween stocks and bonds, raising and lowing return and risk, how you can jump off the Ef ficient Frontier and up and down the CAL through the use of leverage or lending. And, sh ow how you can bow out the EF by allocating your portfolio to Alternative Investment s (AI). Give examples of AIs, and what would be the target/model portfolio for the next 30 years for risk-adjusted/institutional investors? Show how they can be better off using th e Inverse Coefficient of Variation (CV) Equation? What two objectives are you as the p ortfolio manager trying to achieve? Show how Cash Value Life Insurance (CVLI) as a uniq ue alternative asset class can allow your clients portfolio return jump off the ef ficient frontier and onto a higher Utility Curve (UC).

1. Normal Efficient Frontier (Positive Risk-Free Rate):

2. Normal Efficient Frontier (Negative Risk-Free Rate):

2. A sample of 32 students took a class designed to improve their SAT math scores. Their scores before and after the class are recorded in the sheet ‘SAT Scores’ in the ‘Lab12 Chp 10n11 S20’ spreadsheet.

(a) Are the samples independent or paired?

(b) Consider constructing a 90% confidence interval for the average increase in scores after taking the class.

               i. Find the point of estimate using proper notation. Show your work including all relevant quantities needed. Round your answer to 2 decimal places.

               ii. Find the margin of error. Show your work including all relevant quantities needed using proper notation. Round your answer to 4 decimal places.

               iii. Construct the confidence interval by filling in the blanks below. Round you answer to 2 decimal places. 


________________ < ________________ < ________________

               iv. The class instructor claims that the average increase in scores is 10 points. Does the confidence interval contradict this claim? Justify your answer. 


(c) Consider the question: on average, do students who take this SAT math course score 10 points more than those that don’t at a 5% significance level?

               i. State the null and alternate hypothesis using proper notation. 


               ii. Circle the type of critical value(s)/test statistic and corresponding region needed to answer the problem. 


    • z-score or t-score 


    • Identify the degrees of freedom, if not applicable write NA: 


    • right-tailed, left-tailed, or two-tailed 


               iii. Find the critical value(s) using proper notation. Round your answer to 3 decimal places. 


               iv. Find the test statistic using proper notation. Show your work including all relevant quantities needed. Round your answer to 4 decimal places. 


               v. Compute the P-value of the test statistic. Round your answer to 4 decimal places.

               vi. Can you reject the null hypothesis? Justify your answer.

               vii. Answer the question.

Please Help and Thank You!

Alameen is a railway system and wants to install Ticket Vending Machines (TVMs) on the platforms of all rail stations in Peshawar. The TVMs will allow the passenger to buy a ticket/pass using cash, coins, debit cards, or credit cards. The interface of the TVMs should be very easy for the passengers to buy their tickets.

This system should be designed in such a way that the passenger first selects the ticket type, transaction mode, and then get a pass/ticket. Passengers can be adult, senior/disabled citizens, child (5-14 years old), high school, or college students. Ticket type can be either a two-hour pass, midday pass, or AM pass (Monday through Friday from 09:30 am to 02:30 pm), a PM pass (noon through the end of service on the date purchased), a day pass, a 7-day pass, or a 31-day pass. There will be no ticket fare for senior or disabled citizens. The only thing they have to show during traveling is the valid ID and ticket. The ticket fare for a child (5-14 years old), high school or college students will be reduced, and they will have to show valid Id along with ticket (reduced fare) to the ticket checking authority.     

The system should restrict the unauthorized users from using the system. The system should be fast enough that it should accept the input from the user in less than 1 second. The system should be fast enough to print the ticket to the user within 3 to 5 secs when user inserts all the required information. The system should be available 24 hours a day and 7 days a week. The system will also be used by the operator to know the cash and coins inside the machine and withdraw or deposit cash when required. The system is designed in such a way to allow admin to generate reports. The reports include how many tickets are sold, the number of transactions, cash or coins collected, change fares, cash, or coins dispensed.    

To understand the operation of Ticket Vending Machines (TVMs) and how to buy a ticket through TVMs, please watch the following short tutorials (one is 4:52 and other is 2:35 min: secs) as listed below:  

1. Daily News Pakistan, “How to use 'Zoo' card for travel in Peshawar BRT | Daily News Pakistan |[available Online] ”https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7aB0ucyP8vY[Accessed 11/10/2020].

2. Dart Dallas, “How to use a DART TVM” [available Online] https://youtu.be/2bRDtcIhiqA [Accessed 11/10/2020].

Read the above-mentioned scenario and answer the following questions which are as follows:

1. Draw a complete class diagram for above-mentioned scenario

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.lang.Exception;

public class ItemList
{
/** This is the main process for the project */
public static void main ()
{
System.out.println("\n\tBegin Item List Demo\n");

System.out.println("Declare an ArrayList to hold Item objects");
ArrayList list = new ArrayList();

try
{
System.out.println("\n Add several Items to the list");
list.add(new Item(123, "Statue"));
list.add(new Item(332, "Painting"));
list.add(new Item(241, "Figurine"));
list.add(new Item(126, "Chair"));
list.add(new Item(411, "Model"));
list.add(new Item(55, "Watch"));

System.out.println("\nDisplay original Items list:");
listItems(list);

int result = -1;
// 1. TO DO: change the XXX to a number in the list, and YYY to a number
// not in the list (1 Pt)
System.out.println("\nLinear Search list for items XXX and YYY:");
// 2. TO DO: code a call to linearSearch with the item number (XXX)
// that is in the list; store the return in the variable result (2 Pts)

  
if(result >= 0)
// 3. TO DO: change both XXX numbers to the number searched for (1 Pt)
System.out.printf("Item XXX found at pos %d\n", result);
else
System.out.printf("Item XXX not found in list\n");

// 4. TO DO: code a call to linearSearch with the item number (yyy)
// that is not in the list; store the return in the variable result (2 Pts)
  
  
if(result >= 0)
// 5. TO DO: change both YYY to the number searched for (1 Pt)
System.out.printf("Item YYY found at pos %d\n", result);
else
System.out.printf("Item YYY not found in list\n");

System.out.println("\nSort list into Item Number sequence");
// 6. TO DO: code to sort the array using the Collections class (5 Pts)

  
System.out.println("\nDisplay the Sorted Items list:");
listItems(list);

// 7. TO DO: change the AAA to a number in the list, and BBB to a number
// not in the list (use two different numbers) (1 Pt)
System.out.println("\nBinary Search list for items AAA and BBB5:");
// 8. TO DO: code a call to binarySearch with the item number (AAA)
// that is in the list; store the return in the variable result (3 Pts)
  

if(result >= 0)
// 0. TO DO: change both AAA numbers to the number searched for (1 Pt)
System.out.printf("Item AAA found at pos %d\n", result);
else
{
System.out.printf("Item AAA not found in list\n");
System.out.printf("Should be at pos %d\n", -result -1); // note conversion
}
// 10. TO DO: code a call to binarySearch with the item number (BBB)
// that is not in the list; store the return in the variable result (3 Pts)
  
  
if(result >= 0)
// 11. TO DO change both BBB numbers to the number searched for (1 Pt)
System.out.printf("Item BBB found at pos %d\n", result);
else
{
System.out.println("Item BBB not found in list");
System.out.printf("Should be at pos %d\n", -result -1); // note conversion
}
}
catch (Exception e)
{
System.out.println(e.getMessage());
}

System.out.println("\n\tEnd Item List Demo\n");
}

/**
* This function performs a linear seach of the list
* @param list - reference to the ArrayList to be searched
* @param number - item number to seek
* @return i - index where item number wass found, -1 if not found
*/
public static int linearSearch(ArrayListlist, int number)
{
for (int i = 0; i < list.size(); i++)
if(list.get(i).getItemNo() == number)
return i;
return -1;
}

/**
* This method traverses the Item list and displays the items
* @param list - reference to the ArrayList of Item Objects
*/
public static void listItems(ArrayList list)
{
for (Item item : list)
System.out.println(item.toString());
}

/**
* This recursive method finds a value in a range of a sorted ArrayList,
* using a binary search algorithm.
* @param list - reference to the ArrayList in which to search   
* @param key - the object key value to find
* @return the index at which the key occurs,
* or -n - 1 if it does not occur in the array
* n is the position in which the key object should appear   
*/
public static int binarySearch(ArrayList list, int key)
{
int low = 0;
int high = list.size() - 1;
int pos = 0;  

while (high >= low)
{
pos = (low + high) / 2;
if (key < list.get(pos).getItemNo())
high = pos - 1;
else if (key == list.get(pos).getItemNo())
return pos;
else
low = pos + 1;
}
return -low - 1;
}
}

import java.lang.Exception;

public class Item implements Comparable<Item>
{
/** The Item's identification number */
private int itemNo;
/** The Item's descriptive text */
private String itemDesc;

/**
* Constructs a default Item object
*/
public Item()
{
itemNo = 0;
itemDesc = "";
}
  
/**
* Parameter constructor for objects of class Item
* @param number - the Item's number
* @param desc - the Item's description
*/
public Item(int number, String desc) throws Exception
{
setItemNo(number);
setItemDesc(desc);
}

/**
* This method returns the Item identification number   
* @return itemNo - the Item's number
*/
public int getItemNo()
{
return itemNo;
}
  
/**
* Tis method returns the Item's description
* @return itemDesc - the Item's descriptive text
*/
public String getItemDesc()
{
return itemDesc;
}
  
/**
* This method sets the Item's identification number.
* It accepts a number change if and only if the current number is zero(0).
* Otherwise it throws an Exception
* @param number - the Item's new number
* @throw Exception, if number is invalid for this operation
*/
public void setItemNo(int number) throws Exception
{
if (itemNo == 0)
if (number > 0)
itemNo = number;
else
throw new Exception("Item number must be greater than zero(0)");   
else
throw new Exception("An existing item number cannot be changed!");
}
  
/**
* This method sets the Item's description
* @param desc - the Item's descriptive text
* @throws Exception if input desc is blank or null
*/
public void setItemDesc(String desc) throws Exception
{
if(desc.trim().length() > 0)
itemDesc = desc;
else
throw new Exception("Item description cannot be blank");
}
  
/**
* This method determines if one Item equals another
* @param other - the other Item to be matched
* @return true, if numbers are equal, false if not.
*/
public boolean equals(Item other)
{
return (itemNo == other.itemNo);
}
  
/**
* Provides the compareTo() method for the Comparable Interface
* @param otherObject - the other object for comparison
* @returns a: positive value, if this number is greater than the other
* negative value, if this number is less than the other
* zero, if the numbers are equal to each other
*/
@Override
public int compareTo(Item other)
{
return itemNo - other.itemNo;
}
  
/**
* This method overrides the toSting() method of Object
* Its purpose is to expose the data elements of the Product
* object in String form
* @return String - a string containing the Item's information
*/
@Override
public String toString()
{   
return String.format("%4d %-25s", itemNo, itemDesc);
}
}