Drs. Glenn Feltham and David Ambrose began operations of their physical therapy clinic, called Northland Physical Therapy, on January 1, 2017. The annual reporting period ends December 31. The trial balance on January 1, 2018, was as follows (the amounts are rounded to thousands of dollars to simplify):

Transactions during 2018 (summarized in thousands of dollars) follow:

1. Borrowed $26 cash on July 1, 2018, signing a six-month note payable.
2. Purchased equipment for $29 cash on July 2, 2018.
3. Issued additional shares of common stock for $6 on July 3.
4. Purchased software on July 4, $2 cash.
5. Purchased supplies on July 5 on account for future use, $8.
6. Recorded revenues on December 6 of $60, including $9 on credit and $51 received in cash.
7. Recognized salaries and wages expense on December 7 of $34; paid in cash.
8. Collected accounts receivable on December 8, $8.
9. Paid accounts payable on December 9, $9.
10. Received a $2 cash deposit on December 10 from a hospital for a contract to start January 5, 2019.

Data for adjusting journal entries on December 31:

11. Amortization for 2018, $3.
12. Supplies of $2 were counted on December 31, 2018.
13. Depreciation for 2018, $3.
14. Accrued interest of $1 on notes payable.
15. Salaries and wages incurred but not yet paid or recorded, $4.
16. Income tax expense for 2018 was $3 and will be paid in 2019.

1. 9-a. How much net income did the physical therapy clinic generate during 2018? What was its net profit margin?

2. 9-b. Is the business financed primarily by liabilities or stockholders’ equity?

3. 9-c. What is its current ratio?

Drs. Glenn Feltham and David Ambrose began operations of their physical therapy clinic, called Northland Physical Therapy, on January 1, 2017. The annual reporting period ends December 31. The trial balance on January 1, 2018, was as follows (the amounts are rounded to thousands of dollars to simplify):

Transactions during 2018 (summarized in thousands of dollars) follow:

1. Borrowed $13 cash on July 1, 2018, signing a six-month note payable.
2. Purchased equipment for $16 cash on July 2, 2018.
3. Issued additional shares of common stock for $6 on July 3.
4. Purchased software on July 4, $2 cash.
5. Purchased supplies on July 5 on account for future use, $8.
6. Recorded revenues on December 6 of $47, including $9 on credit and $38 received in cash.
7. Recognized salaries and wages expense on December 7 of $21; paid in cash.
8. Collected accounts receivable on December 8, $8.
9. Paid accounts payable on December 9, $9.
10. Received a $2 cash deposit on December 10 from a hospital for a contract to start January 5, 2019.

Data for adjusting journal entries on December 31:

11. Amortization for 2018, $3.
12. Supplies of $2 were counted on December 31, 2018.
13. Depreciation for 2018, $3.
14. Accrued interest of $1 on notes payable.
15. Salaries and wages incurred but not yet paid or recorded, $4.
16. Income tax expense for 2018 was $3 and will be paid in 2019.

1. 9-a. How much net income did the physical therapy clinic generate during 2018? What was its net profit margin?

2. 9-b. Is the business financed primarily by liabilities or stockholders’ equity?

3. 9-c. What is its current ratio?

Prepare in journal entry form all adjusting and correcting journal entries based on the following information.  All information was provided to you as of 12/31/2018.  (Round all numbers to the nearest dollar).

(i) Czar has two loans outstanding as of 12/31/2018. Interest is paid annually on January 1st. The facts on each loan are as follows: First Trust Bank Loan – outstanding since January 1, 2018 with a 6% interest rate. This loan was taken out to finance the construction of the Storage Building. Interest for the year and 10% of the principle will be paid to the bank on                                         January 1, 2019.  Except for recording the initial cash received and loan, no additional entries have been made. Loan Payable has a credit balance of $520,000 for First Trust Ban Coldwell Bank Loan – also outstanding all of 2018 with 5 % interest rate. Interest is due on January 1, 2019. Principle is due on January 1, 2025.  Since interest will not be paid to the Bank until 2019, Czar’ office staff did not accrue any interest. Loan Payable has a credit balance of $1,600,000 for Coldwell Bank.

(J) On January 1, 2018, Czar recorded a patent in the amount of $120,000. The company paid outside legal fees of $64,000 to have the patent registered. The other $56,000 represents internal costs in developing the patent. The patent is good for 20 years, but the company estimates that the patent will have a useful life of 8 years with no residual value. Amortization is straight line. The company depreciates using partial years for intangible assets.  No amortization has been recorded for 2018.

(K) As of 12/31/2018 the Available for Sale Securities have a fair value of $232,430. Due to the market conditions, the company does not plan on selling the assets in 2019, but their intent is to sell at some point in time. You can ignore the tax effect on unrealized gains and losses.

(L) The office building was bought in January 1, 2016 and Czar plans to use the building for 40 years and believes it will have a salvage value of $200,000 at the end of 40 years.  Czar depreciates the building on a straight line basis. Due to the location of the building and use potential, Czar is concerned about impairment.  At 12/31/2018 it is determined that the future cash flows for the building are $2,400,000. The fair value of the building is $2,720,000 at 12/31/2018.  

6.

Pastina Company sells various types of pasta to grocery chains as private label brands. The company's fiscal year-end is December 31. The unadjusted trial balance as of December 31, 2018, appears below.

Information necessary to prepare the year-end adjusting entries appears below.

Depreciation on the office equipment for the year is $12,000.

Employee salaries and wages are paid twice a month, on the 22nd for salaries and wages earned from the 1st through the 15th, and on the 7th of the following month for salaries and wages earned from the 16th through the end of the month. Salaries and wages earned from December 16 through December 31, 2018, were $1,400.

On October 1, 2018, Pastina borrowed $40,000 from a local bank and signed a note. The note requires interest to be paid annually on September 30 at 12%. The principal is due in 10 years.

On March 1, 2018, the company lent a supplier $10,000 and a note was signed requiring principal and interest at 9% to be paid on February 28, 2019.

On April 1, 2018, the company paid an insurance company $4,800 for a two-year fire insurance policy. The entire $4,800 was debited to insurance expense.

$900 of supplies remained on hand at December 31, 2018.

A customer paid Pastina $1,000 in December for 1,200 pounds of spaghetti to be delivered in January 2019. Pastina credited sales revenue.

On December 1, 2018, $2,400 rent was paid to the owner of the building. The payment represented rent for December 2018 and January 2019, at $1,200 per month.

Required:
Prepare the necessary December 31, 2018, adjusting journal entries.

Williams-Santana, Inc., is a manufacturer of high-tech industrial parts that was started in 2006 by two talented engineers with little business training. In 2018, the company was acquired by one of its major customers. As part of an internal audit, the following facts were discovered. The audit occurred during 2018 before any adjusting entries or closing entries were prepared.

1. A five-year casualty insurance policy was purchased at the beginning of 2016 for $31,500. The full amount was debited to insurance expense at the time.
2. Effective January 1, 2018, the company changed the salvage value used in calculating depreciation for its office building. The building cost $592,000 on December 29, 2007, and has been depreciated on a straight-line basis assuming a useful life of 40 years and a salvage value of $120,000. Declining real estate values in the area indicate that the salvage value will be no more than $30,000.
3. On December 31, 2017, merchandise inventory was overstated by $21,500 due to a mistake in the physical inventory count using the periodic inventory system.
4. The company changed inventory cost methods to FIFO from LIFO at the end of 2018 for both financial statement and income tax purposes. The change will cause a $925,000 increase in the beginning inventory at January 1, 2019.
5. At the end of 2017, the company failed to accrue $14,800 of sales commissions earned by employees during 2017. The expense was recorded when the commissions were paid in early 2018.
6. At the beginning of 2016, the company purchased a machine at a cost of $650,000. Its useful life was estimated to be 10 years with no salvage value. The machine has been depreciated by the double-declining balance method. Its book value on December 31, 2017, was $416,000. On January 1, 2018, the company changed to the straight-line method.
7. Warranty expense is determined each year as 1% of sales. Actual payment experience of recent years indicates that 0.70% is a better indication of the actual cost. Management effects the change in 2018. Credit sales for 2018 are $3,300,000; in 2017 they were $3,000,000.
8. 
   Required:
   For each situation:
   1. Identify whether it represents an accounting change or an error. If an accounting change, identify the type of change. For accounting errors, choose "Not applicable".
   2. Prepare any journal entry necessary as a direct result of the change or error correction as well as any adjusting entry for 2018 related to the situation described. (Ignore tax effects.)
     
   

Williams-Santana, Inc., is a manufacturer of high-tech industrial parts that was started in 2006 by two talented engineers with little business training. In 2018, the company was acquired by one of its major customers. As part of an internal audit, the following facts were discovered. The audit occurred during 2018 before any adjusting entries or closing entries were prepared.

1. A five-year casualty insurance policy was purchased at the beginning of 2016 for $35,500. The full amount was debited to insurance expense at the time.
2. Effective January 1, 2018, the company changed the salvage value used in calculating depreciation for its office building. The building cost $614,000 on December 29, 2007, and has been depreciated on a straight-line basis assuming a useful life of 40 years and a salvage value of $110,000. Declining real estate values in the area indicate that the salvage value will be no more than $27,500.
3. On December 31, 2017, merchandise inventory was overstated by $25,500 due to a mistake in the physical inventory count using the periodic inventory system.
4. The company changed inventory cost methods to FIFO from LIFO at the end of 2018 for both financial statement and income tax purposes. The change will cause a $965,000 increase in the beginning inventory at January 1, 2019.
5. At the end of 2017, the company failed to accrue $15,600 of sales commissions earned by employees during 2017. The expense was recorded when the commissions were paid in early 2018.
6. At the beginning of 2016, the company purchased a machine at a cost of $730,000. Its useful life was estimated to be 10 years with no salvage value. The machine has been depreciated by the double-declining balance method. Its book value on December 31, 2017, was $467,200. On January 1, 2018, the company changed to the straight-line method.
7. Warranty expense is determined each year as 1% of sales. Actual payment experience of recent years indicates that 0.80% is a better indication of the actual cost. Management effects the change in 2018. Credit sales for 2018 are $4,100,000; in 2017 they were $3,800,000.

Required:
For each situation:
1. Identify whether it represents an accounting change or an error. If an accounting change, identify the type of change. For accounting errors, choose "Not applicable".
2. Prepare any journal entry necessary as a direct result of the change or error correction as well as any adjusting entry for 2018 related to the situation described. (Ignore tax effects.)

On 1 April 2018 Josh received a $50,000 loan at interest of 2% per year from his employer. The loan was used to purchase his main residence.
The FBT due at the end of the 2018/19 FBT year is:

Group of answer choices

$1,418

$3,018

$1,600

$2,305

n 2016, Gerald loaned Main Street Bakery $55,000. In 2017, he learned that he would probably receive only $6,400 of the loan. In 2018, Gerald received $3,000 in final settlement of the loan. Calculate Gerald’s possible deductions with respect to the loan for 2016, 2017, and 2018.