An individual will never buy complete insurance if?

Discuss the individual ways of financing healthcare.

Are medical students more motivated than law students? A randomly selected group of each were administered a survey of attitudes toward Life, which measures motivation for upward mobility. The scores are summarized below. The researchers suggest that there are occupational differences in mean testosterone level. Medical doctors and university professors are two of the occupational groups for which means and standard deviations are recorded and listed in the following table.

Let us denote:

• μ1:μ1: population mean testosterone among medical doctors,
• μ2:μ2: population mean testosterone among university professors,
• σ1:σ1: population standard deviation of testosterone among medical doctors,
• σ2:σ2: population standard deviation of testosterone among university professors.

If the researcher is interested to know whether the mean testosterone level among medical doctors is higher than that among university professors, what are the appropriate hypotheses he should test?
H0:x¯1=x¯2H0:x¯1=x¯2 against Ha:x¯1<x¯2Ha:x¯1<x¯2 .
H0:μ1=μ2H0:μ1=μ2 against Ha:μ1≠μ2Ha:μ1≠μ2 .
H0:x¯1=x¯2H0:x¯1=x¯2 against Ha:x¯1>x¯2Ha:x¯1>x¯2 .
H0:μ1=μ2H0:μ1=μ2 against Ha:μ1<μ2Ha:μ1<μ2 .
H0:x¯1=x¯2H0:x¯1=x¯2 against Ha:x¯1≠x¯2Ha:x¯1≠x¯2 .
H0:μ1=μ2H0:μ1=μ2 against Ha:μ1>μ2Ha:μ1>μ2 .

Case 1: Assume that the population standard deviations are unequal, i.e. σ1≠σ2σ1≠σ2 .
What is the standard error of the difference in sample mean x¯1−x¯2x¯1−x¯2 ? i.e. s.e.(x¯1−x¯2)=s.e.(x¯1−x¯2)= [answer to 4 decimal places]

Rejection region: We reject H0H0 at 5% level of significance if:
|t|>2.13|t|>2.13 .
t>1.75t>1.75 .
t<−1.75t<−1.75 .
t<−2.13t<−2.13 .
t>2.13t>2.13 .
None of the above.

The value of the test-statistic is: Answer to 3 decimal places.

If α=0.05α=0.05 , and the p-value is 0.2820, what will be your conclusion?
There is not enough information to conclude.
Reject H0H0 .
Do not reject H0H0 .

Case 2: Now assume that the population standard deviations are equal, i.e. σ1=σ2σ1=σ2 .
Compute the pooled standard deviation, 8pooled [answer to 4 decimal places]

Rejection region: We reject H0H0 at 5% level of significance if:
t<−1.73t<−1.73 .
t<−2.10t<−2.10 .
t>1.73t>1.73 .
t>2.10t>2.10 .
|t|>2.10|t|>2.10 .
None of the above.

The value of the test-statistic is: Answer to 3 decimal places.

If α=0.05α=0.05 , , and the p-value is 0.3095, what will be your conclusion?
Reject H0H0 .
Do not reject H0H0 .
There is not enough information to conclude.

PART 1:

When bonding teeth, orthodontists must maintain a dry field. A new bonding adhesive has been developed to eliminate the necessity of a dry field. However, there is a concern that the new bonding adhesive is not as strong as the current standard, a composite adhesive. Tests on a sample of 26 extracted teeth bonded with the new adhesive resulted in a mean breaking strength (after 24 hours) of 2.33 MPa, and a standard deviation of 4 MPa. Orthodontists want to know if the true mean breaking strength is less than 4.06 MPa, the mean breaking strength of the composite adhesive. Assume normal distribution for breaking strength of the new adhesive.

1. The p-value of the test is (answer to 4 decimal places):

PART 2:

Are medical students more motivated than law students? A randomly selected group of each were administered a survey of attitudes toward Life, which measures motivation for upward mobility. The scores are summarized below. The researchers suggest that there are occupational differences in mean testosterone level. Medical doctors and university professors are two of the occupational groups for which means and standard deviations are recorded and listed in the following table.

Let us denote:

• μ₁: population mean testosterone among medical doctors,
• μ₂: population mean testosterone among university professors,
• σ₁: population standard deviation of testosterone among medical doctors,
• σ₂: population standard deviation of testosterone among university professors.

1. If the researcher is interested to know whether the mean testosterone level among medical doctors is higher than that among university professors, what are the appropriate hypotheses he should test?
H₀: μ₁ = μ₂   against   H_a: μ₁ < μ₂.
H₀: μ₁ = μ₂   against   H_a: μ₁ > μ₂.
H₀: [(x)]₁ = [(x)]₂   against   H_a: [(x)]₁ ≠ [(x)]₂.
H₀: [(x)]₁ = [(x)]₂   against   H_a: [(x)]₁ > [(x)]₂.
H₀: [(x)]₁ = [(x)]₂   against   H_a: [(x)]₁ < [(x)]₂.
H₀: μ₁ = μ₂   against   H_a: μ₁ ≠ μ₂.

Case 1: Assume that the population standard deviations are unequal, i.e. σ₁ ≠ σ₂.
1. What is the standard error of the difference in sample mean [(x)]₁ − [(x)]₂? i.e. s.e.([(x)]₁−[(x)]₂) = [answer to 4 decimal places]

2. Rejection region: We reject H₀ at 10% level of significance if:
t < −1.89.
t > 1.41.
t < −1.41.
|t| > 1.89.
t > 1.89.
None of the above.

3. The value of the test-statistic is: Answer to 3 decimal places.

Case 2: Now assume that the population standard deviations are equal, i.e. σ₁ = σ₂.
1. Compute the pooled standard deviation, s_pooled [answer to 4 decimal places]

2. Rejection region: We reject H₀ at 10% level of significance if:
t > 1.78.
t < −1.36.
t > 1.36.
|t| > 1.78.
t < −1.78.
None of the above.

3. The value of the test-statistic is: Answer to 3 decimal places.

The researchers suggest that there are occupational differences in mean testosterone level. Medical doctors and university professors are two of the occupational groups for which means and standard deviations are recorded and listed in the following table.

Let us denote:

• μ1:μ1: population mean testosterone among medical doctors,
• μ2:μ2: population mean testosterone among university professors,
• σ1:σ1: population standard deviation of testosterone among medical doctors,
• σ2:σ2: population standard deviation of testosterone among university professors.

Case 1: Assume that the population standard deviations are unequal, i.e. σ1≠σ2σ1≠σ2.
What is the standard error of the difference in sample mean x¯1−x¯2x¯1−x¯2? i.e. s.e.(x¯1−x¯2)=s.e.(x¯1−x¯2)= [answer to 4 decimal places]

Which of the following options gives the formula for 95% confidence interval for μ1−μ2μ1−μ2?
−0.39∓1.86×s.e.(x¯1−x¯2)−0.39∓1.86×s.e.(x¯1−x¯2)
−0.39∓3.36×s.e.(x¯1−x¯2)−0.39∓3.36×s.e.(x¯1−x¯2)
−0.39∓2.9×s.e.(x¯1−x¯2)−0.39∓2.9×s.e.(x¯1−x¯2)
−0.39∓2.31×s.e.(x¯1−x¯2)−0.39∓2.31×s.e.(x¯1−x¯2)
−0.39∓1.4×s.e.(x¯1−x¯2)−0.39∓1.4×s.e.(x¯1−x¯2)

Are there significant difference between mean testosterone levels of medical doctors and university professors?
no, because x¯1=x¯2x¯1=x¯2
yes, because x¯1≠x¯2x¯1≠x¯2
yes, because the entire 95% confidence interval for μ1−μ2μ1−μ2 does not contain 0
no, because the 95% confidence interval for μ1−μ2μ1−μ2 contains 0

Case 2: Now assume that the population standard deviations are equal, i.e. σ1=σ2σ1=σ2.
Compute the pooled standard deviation, spooledspooled [answer to 4 decimal places]

Which of the following options gives the formula for 95% confidence interval for μ1−μ2μ1−μ2 for pooled situation?
−0.39∓1.38×1.8922−0.39∓1.38×1.8922
−0.39∓3.25×1.8922−0.39∓3.25×1.8922
−0.39∓2.26×1.8922−0.39∓2.26×1.8922
−0.39∓1.83×1.8922−0.39∓1.83×1.8922
−0.39∓2.82×1.8922−0.39∓2.82×1.8922

What is the margin of error of the 95% pooled confidence interval of μ1−μ2μ1−μ2? [answer to 4 decimal places]

DOMINO’S SIZZLES WITH PIZZA TRACKER

When it comes to pizza, everyone has an opinion. Some of us think that our current pizza is just fine the way it is. Others have a favorite pizza joint that makes it like no one else. And many pizza lovers in America agreed up until recently that Domino’s home-delivered pizza was among the worst. The home-delivery market for pizza chains in the United States is approximately $15 billion per year.

Domino’s, which owns the largest home-delivery market share of any U.S. pizza chain, is finding ways to innovate by overhauling its in-store transaction processing systems and by providing other useful services to customers, such as its Pizza Tracker. And more important, Domino’s is trying very hard to overcome its reputation for poor quality by radically improving ingredients and freshness. Critics believe the company significantly improved the quality of its

pizza and customer service in 2010.

Domino’s was founded in 1960 by Tom Monaghan and his brother James when they purchased a single pizza store in Ypsilanti, Michigan. The company slowly began to grow, and by 1978, Domino’s had 200 stores. Today, the company is headquartered in Ann Arbor, Michigan, and operates almost 9,000 stores located in all 50 U.S. states and across the world in 60 international markets. In 2009, Domino’s had $1.5 billion in sales and earned $80 million in profit.

Domino’s is part of a heated battle among prominent pizza chains, including Pizza Hut, Papa John’s, and Little Caesar. Pizza Hut is the only chain larger than Domino’s in the U.S., but each of the four has significant market share. Domino’s also competes with local pizza stores throughout the U.S. To gain a competitive advantage Domino’s needs to deliver excellent customer service, and most importantly, good pizza. But it also benefits from highly effective

information systems.

Domino’s proprietary point-of-sale system, Pulse, is an important asset in maintaining consistent and efficient management functions in each of its restaurants. A point-of-sale system captures purchase and payment data at a physical location where goods or services are bought and sold using computers, automated cash registers, scanners, or other digital devices.

In 2003, Domino’s implemented Pulse in a large portion of its stores, and those stores reported improved customer service, reduced mistakes, and shorter training times. Since then, Pulse has become a staple of all Domino’s franchises. Some of the functions Pulse performs at Domino’s franchises are taking and customizing orders using a touch-screen interface, maintaining sales figures, and compiling customer information. Domino’s prefers not to disclose the specific dollar amounts that it has saved from Pulse, but it’s clear from industry analysts that

the technology is working to cut costs and increase customer satisfaction.

More recently, Domino’s released a new hardware and software platform called Pulse Evolution, which is now in use in a majority of Domino’s more than 5,000 U.S. branches. Pulse Evolution improves on the older technology in several ways. First, the older software used a ‘thick-client’ model, which required all machines using the software to be fully equipped personal computers running Windows. Pulse Evolution, on the other hand, uses ‘thin-client’ architecture in which networked workstations with little independent processing power collect data and send them over the Internet to powerful Lenovo PCs for processing. These workstations lack hard drives, fans, and other moving parts, making them less expensive and easier to maintain. Also, Pulse Evolution is easier to update and more secure, since there’s only one machine in the store which needs to be updated.

Along with Pulse Evolution, Domino’s rolled out its state-of-the-art online ordering system, which includes Pizza Tracker. The system allows customers to watch a simulated photographic version of their pizza as they customize its size, sauces, and toppings. The image changes with each change a customer makes. Then, once customers place an order, they are able to view its progress online with Pizza Tracker. Pizza Tracker displays a horizontal bar that tracks an order’s progress graphically. As a Domino’s store completes each step of the order fulfillment process, a section of the bar becomes red. Even customers that place their orders via telephone can monitor their progress on the Web using Pizza Tracker at stores using Pulse Evolution. In 2010, Domino’s introduced an online polling system to continuously upload information from local stores.

As with most instances of organizational change of this magnitude, Domino’s experienced some resistance. Domino’s originally wanted its franchises to select Pulse to comply with its requirements for data security, but some franchises have resisted switching to Pulse and sought alternative systems. After Domino’s tried to compel those franchises to use Pulse, the U.S. District Court for Minnesota sided with franchisees who claimed that Domino’s could not force them to use this system. Now, Domino’s continues to make improvements to Pulse in an

effort to make it overwhelmingly appealing to all franchisees.

Pizza Hut and Papa John’s also have online ordering capability, but lack the Pizza Tracker and the simulated pizza features that Domino’s has successfully implemented. Today, online orders account for almost 20 percent of all of Domino’s orders, which is up from less than 15 percent in 2008. But the battle to sell pizza with technology rages on. Pizza Hut customers can now use their iPhones to place orders, and Papa John’s customers can place orders by texting. With many billions of dollars at stake, all the large national pizza chains will be developing innovative new ways of ordering pizza and participating in its creation.

Answer the Following Questions.

1.     What were the objectives of Domino, and which strategies did the company apply?

2.     Briefly define the IT infrastructure and the enterprise systems of Domino, and describe how did these entities help Domino in understanding of customer’s needs?

3.     Identify and briefly discuss the porter forces that were mentioned through the case, and identify the strategic role Pulse will play for Domino to face the competitive forces?

4.     How could you use the four factors of the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology to convince the franchises to adopt Pulse?

• Journalize the transactions for the month of July, 2019, beginning on page GJ 1. Be sure and list the Debit Account(s) first; Credit Account(s) next. Be sure and write a brief explanation for each transaction.

You made the following transactions for Floral & Fauna Landscaping   during the month of July:

July   1        You deposited $25,000 in a bank account in the name of the business.

1           You invested your personal gardening equipment, with a fair market value of $1,500, in the business.

6           Bought a used trailer on account from Trailers R Us , $800, Inv. #286.

7           Paid the rent for July, $1485, Ck. # 1000.

8           Bought a used backhoe from Deere Equipment, $8,500, paying $4,000 in cash and placing the balance on account, Inv. #3562,       Ck. # 1001.

          10        Bought liability insurance for one year, $2,400, Ck. #1002.

11       Sold landscaping services on account to Bel-Red Business Park,    $2,225, Inv. #100.  

15       Bought supplies on account from Garden Suppliers, Inc., $1,585,        Inv. #6283.

16       Sold landscaping services on account to Phylla Dendron, $1,850,   Inv. #101.

18       Received and paid the bill from Gas To Go for gas and oil for the equipment, $95, Ck. #1003.

19       Sold landscaping services for cash to A Chinzy Company, $1,978,   Inv. #102.

20       Paid on account to Trailers R Us, $600, Inv. #286, Ck #1004.

21       Received on account from Bel-Red Business Park, $725, Inv. 100.

22       Sold landscaping services on account to Bonsai, Inc.,$1,626,         Inv. #103.

25       Received and paid the utility bill, $184, Ck. #1005.

30       Paid salaries of the employees, $3,000, Ck. #1006.

31       You withdrew cash for your personal use, $1,500, Ck. #1007.

Company Information:

MERMED Inc. is a medical device manufacturer.

The company’s headquarters is located in Houston, Texas. It is a global leader in developing, manufacturing, selling and servicing diagnostic imaging and therapeutic medical devices used to diagnose and treat cardiovascular and other diseases. MERMED earned $300 million of revenue in 2015, while employing more than 10,000 people worldwide. One of it’s manufacturing plants is located in Dingle, Co. Kerry, Ireland. Tom Jones is the plant manager at the Dingle facility.

The Dingle site runs 12 hour shifts, 7 days a week. It has 1000 employees. It manufactures a variety of of medical devices (including Class III devices). A number of it's products are sold in the US and European markets. The facility has a Quality Management System in place. Their Quality Management System is in compliance with ISO 13485:2016 and 21 CFR 820. Their facility is frequently audited by Notified Bodies and the FDA.

The site was recently audited by corporate. The corporate auditing team were checking the site's compliance with ISO 13485:2016 and 21 CFR 820. The auditors found a number of potential non-conformances to  ISO 13485:2016 and 21 CFR 820.

You must complete 4 tasks (for each of the 5 incidents/questions):

1.   Review each of these potential non-conformances (5 incidents in total)

2. Determine if they are non-conformances against the requirements of the ISO13485:2016 AND 21 CFR 820.

3. If they are non-compliances, write down the specific clause numbers in ISO 13485:2016 AND specific section number of 21 CFR 820 which is applicable (write down the main clause/section in each regulation that the non-compliance is against).

Note:  ISO 13485:2016 and 21 CFR 820 are available in the "Additional Resources" section, under the section heading "Quality Systems Regulations (EU and US)" (contained within Section A Medical Device Regulatory Affairs).

4. Briefly EXPLAIN your decision in 100-170 words.

QUESTION 1

In the warehouse area the inspectors noticed that there were unlabelled boxes lying outside of the caged storage area. They asked Gerry Smyth, the Warehouse Manager, what they were. Gerry said “they are boxes of product that were water damaged and therefore could not be sent to the customer”

Company Information:

MERMED Inc. is a medical device manufacturer.

The company’s headquarters is located in Houston, Texas. It is a global leader in developing, manufacturing, selling and servicing diagnostic imaging and therapeutic medical devices used to diagnose and treat cardiovascular and other diseases. MERMED earned $300 million of revenue in 2015, while employing more than 10,000 people worldwide. One of it’s manufacturing plants is located in Dingle, Co. Kerry, Ireland. Tom Jones is the plant manager at the Dingle facility.

The Dingle site runs 12 hour shifts, 7 days a week. It has 1000 employees. It manufactures a variety of of medical devices (including Class III devices). A number of it's products are sold in the US and European markets. The facility has a Quality Management System in place. Their Quality Management System is in compliance with ISO 13485:2016 and 21 CFR 820. Their facility is frequently audited by Notified Bodies and the FDA.

The site was recently audited by corporate. The corporate auditing team were checking the site's compliance with ISO 13485:2016 and 21 CFR 820. The auditors found a number of potential non-conformances to  ISO 13485:2016 and 21 CFR 820.

You must complete 4 tasks (for each of the 5 incidents/questions):

1.   Review each of these potential non-conformances (5 incidents in total)

2. Determine if they are non-conformances against the requirements of the ISO13485:2016 AND 21 CFR 820.

3. If they are non-compliances, write down the specific clause numbers in ISO 13485:2016 AND specific section number of 21 CFR 820 which is applicable (write down the main clause/section in each regulation that the non-compliance is against).

Note:  ISO 13485:2016 and 21 CFR 820 are available in the "Additional Resources" section, under the section heading "Quality Systems Regulations (EU and US)" (contained within Section A Medical Device Regulatory Affairs).

4. Briefly EXPLAIN your decision in 100-170 words.

QUESTION 3

The following processes have not been adequately validated: the passivation process; which is performed using the BEV 2001 ( equipment ID  129868) machine and the cutting processes which are performed by TANGER 100 ( equipment ID 870969).

Tab and Sharon are married and under 65 years of age. During 2015, they furnish more than half of the support of Sean, Carla, and Cheryl. Sean is Tab’s 25-year old son by PRIOR MARRIAGE and is a full time student in law school. Sean earned $10,000 as a law clerk. This is Sean’s only source of income. Carl’s gross income is $1,500 and Cheryl’s gross income is $1,800. Sean is a member of Tab’s household. Carla is TB’S former mother-in-law and lives in another state. Cheryl is unrelated and a close friend of Sharon’s family. She lives with Tab and Sharon. How many personal and dependency exemptions should Tab and Sharon clam?

2

3

4

5

None of the above

Belle, age 65 is claimed as a dependent on her son’s tax return. During 2017, she had interest income of $2000 and $750 of earned income from baby-sitting. Belle’s taxable income is??

50

100

1350

1550

None of the above.

During the current year, Freda was entirely supported by her three children, Michelle, Brian, and John, who provided support in the following percentages.   

Michelle          43%

Brian                 48%

John                   9%

Which of the following children is entitled to claim their mother as a dependent assuming a multiple supporting agreement exists?

Michelle or Brain

Michelle or john

Brian or John

Michelle, Brain or John

None of above

Which choice is correct and true with respect to the personal and dependency exemption phaseout rules for high-income taxpayers:

a) Phaseout rules only apply to personal exemption.

b) Phaseout rules only apply to dependency exemption.

c) Both Personal exemption and dependency exemption.

D) A maximum of 85% of the personal and dependency exemption can be phaseout.

e) None of the above.