[The following information applies to the questions displayed below.] Pastina Company sells various types of pasta to grocery chains as private label brands. The company's fiscal year-end is December 31. The unadjusted trial balance as of December 31, 2018, appears below. Account Title Debits Credits Cash 41,750 Accounts receivable 53,000 Supplies 1,600 Inventory 72,000 Note receivable 24,900 Interest receivable 0 Prepaid rent 2,200 Prepaid insurance 0 Office equipment 84,000 Accumulated depreciation—office equipment 31,500 Accounts payable 32,000 Salaries and wages payable 0 Note payable 60,900 Interest payable 0 Deferred revenue 0 Common stock 60,000 Retained earnings 20,500 Sales revenue 208,000 Interest revenue 0 Cost of goods sold 93,600 Salaries and wages expense 18,300 Rent expense 12,100 Depreciation expense 0 Interest expense 0 Supplies expense 1,050 Insurance expense 5,200 Advertising expense 3,200 Totals 412,900 412,900 Information necessary to prepare the year-end adjusting entries appears below. Depreciation on the office equipment for the year is $10,500. Employee salaries and wages are paid twice a month, on the 22nd for salaries and wages earned from the 1st through the 15th, and on the 7th of the following month for salaries and wages earned from the 16th through the end of the month. Salaries and wages earned from December 16 through December 31, 2018, were $1,350. On October 1, 2018, Pastina borrowed $60,900 from a local bank and signed a note. The note requires interest to be paid annually on September 30 at 12%. The principal is due in 10 years. On March 1, 2018, the company lent a supplier $24,900 and a note was signed requiring principal and interest at 8% to be paid on February 28, 2019. On April 1, 2018, the company paid an insurance company $5,200 for a two-year fire insurance policy. The entire $5,200 was debited to insurance expense. $830 of supplies remained on hand at December 31, 2018. A customer paid Pastina $1,620 in December for 1,350 pounds of spaghetti to be delivered in January 2019. Pastina credited sales revenue. On December 1, 2018, $2,200 rent was paid to the owner of the building. The payment represented rent for December 2018 and January 2019, at $1,100 per month. Required: 1. & 2. Post the opening balances and adjusting entires into the appropriate t-accounts. (Enter the number of the adjusting entry in the column next to the amount. Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your final answers to nearest whole dollar.)

Case 1:

The following information relates to Chater’s Advertising Services for the accounting period ending December 31, 2018. The company is a leader within your local advertising industry but their accountant resigned just days before the final year end and only the information now presented was made available. The owners have decided to test your groups’ knowledge in accounting having been made aware that you are currently pursuing a course in accounting at the university level. In this regard your group has been approached to use the information presented alongside your knowledge to advise and present the company financial statements for the period.

                Charter’s Advertising Service

                                                       Trial Balance

                                                    December 18, 2018

Later in December, the business completed these transactions, as follows:

Dec. 21 Received $2,500 in advance for advertising service expected to be performed in January 2019.

Dec 21 Paid secretary $500 for the week December 17 to 21.

Dec. 26 Paid $1,000 on account.

Dec 28 Collected $1,200 on account.

Dec 30 Charter withdrew cash of $2,000 for personal use.

Requirements

1. Journalize the transactions of December 21 – 30 and post to the respective T-accounts and key all items by date. Write a brief narration for each journal entry.
2. At December 31, the business gathers the following information for the adjusting journal entries:

1. Accrued service revenue, $600
2. Earned $700 of the service revenue collected in advance on December 21 because of a change in the agreement between client and the company to split the advertising campaign to December 2018 and the remaining balance of $1,800 for January 2019.
3. Supplies on hand, $1,300.
4. Depreciation expense – equipment $260: furniture $600.
5. Accrued $500 expense for secretary’s salary December 24 to 28.

3. After journalizing the transactions in requirement 2, post them to their respective T-accounts. Write a brief narration for each journal entry.
4. Prepare the income statement and the statement of owner’s equity of Charter Advertising Services for the month ended December 31, 2018 and prepare the balance sheet at that date.

Hashem Oghli is a manufacturer of plastic products. Unfortunately, one of the moulding machines is out of order and needs to be replaced.

After receiving quotes from various suppliers, you find two types of moulding machines that are suitable. Type A moulding machine is a high-end machine; it has a higher purchase price but makes higher quality products that sell better on the market and bring more revenue. Type B moulding machine is lower-end; it is cheaper, but produces lower quality products and higher scraps that require rework. In addition, this machine produces less environmental pollution, therefore due to governmental program, this machine is tax exempt.

Hashem Oghli's managment asks you to evaluate these machines and recommend the best one. Cost structures of the two types are given below:

Type A machine:

Purchase price = $100,000

Salvage value = $20,000

Yearly revenue = $60,000

Yearly maintenance cost = $15,000

Yearly cost of scrap = $5,000

Type B machine:

Purchase price = $15,000

Salvage value = $0

Yearly revenue = $40,000

Yearly maintenance cost = $15,000

Yearly cost of scrap = $15,000

It is expected that both machines depreciate fast and will have to be replaced after three years (the company uses straight line depreciation method).

The company is using a discount rate of 6%. The tax rate for machine A is 10% and for machine B is 0%. (Note that neither choice would impact working capital.)

Below, you can find the incremental income statement for buying machine Type A. However, you can derive the incremental statement for Type B machine by replacing the relevant values. Note that the operating expense includes cost of maintenance and scrap production.

Note: all values are in thousand dollars. Use one decimal point precision in your calculations and answers.

Your task is to analyze the financial performance of the two options over three years and compare them. Answer the following questions.

A) What is the Net Present Value (NPV) for Type A machine?

B) What is the Net Present Value (NPV) for Type B machine?

Calendars imprints calendars with college names. The company has fixed expenses of

$ 1 comma 065 comma 000$1,065,000

each month plus variable expenses of

$ 3.50$3.50

per carton of calendars. Of the variable? expense,

7575?%

is cost of goods?sold, while the remaining

2525?%

relates to variable operating expenses. The company sells each carton of calendars for

$ 13.50$13.50.

Read the

requirements

LOADING...

.

Requirement 1. Compute the number of cartons of calendars that

College SpiritCollege Spirit

Calendars must sell each month to breakeven.??

Begin by determining the basic income statement equation.

Using the basic income statement equation you determined above solve for the number of cartons to break even.

Requirement 2. Compute the dollar amount of monthly sales

College SpiritCollege Spirit

Calendars needs in order to earn

$ 304 comma 000$304,000

in operating income.??

Begin by determining the formula.

?(Round the contribution margin ratio to two decimal? places.)

Requirement 3. Prepare the? company's contribution margin income statement for June for sales of

460 comma 000460,000

cartons of calendars.

??

Requirement 4. What is? June's margin of safety? (in dollars)? What is the operating leverage factor at this level of? sales?

Begin by determining the formula.

What is the operating leverage factor at this level of? sales? Begin by determining the formula.

?(Round the operating leverage factor to three decimal? places.)

Requirement 5. By what percentage will operating income change if? July's sales volume is

1111?%

?higher? Prove your answer. ?(Round the percentage to two decimal? places.)

Prove your answer. ?(Round the percentage to two decimal? places.)

Lavage Rapide is a Canadian company that owns and operates a large automatic carwash facility near Montreal. The following table provides data concerning the company’s costs:

For example, electricity costs are $1,400 per month plus $0.07 per car washed. The company expects to wash 8,000 cars in August and to collect an average of $6.70 per car washed.

The actual operating results for August appear below.

Required:

Complete the flexible budget performance report that shows the company’s activity variances and revenue and spending variances for August. (Indicate the effect of each variance by selecting "F" for favorable, "U" for unfavorable, and "None" for no effect (i.e., zero variance). Input all amounts as positive values.)

Lavage Rapide is a Canadian company that owns and operates a large automatic carwash facility near Montreal. The following table provides data concerning the company’s costs:

For example, electricity costs are $1,400 per month plus $0.07 per car washed. The company expects to wash 8,000 cars in August and to collect an average of $6.70 per car washed.

The actual operating results for August appear below.

Required:

Complete the flexible budget performance report that shows the company’s activity variances and revenue and spending variances for August. (Indicate the effect of each variance by selecting "F" for favorable, "U" for unfavorable, and "None" for no effect (i.e., zero variance). Input all amounts as positive values.)

1) Use the following information to prepare adjusting entries for Gilbert Holdings

2) Then make an adjusted trial balance, income statement & balance sheet for the information

a. On April 1, 2019, Gilbert Holdings signed a 4.30% bank loan due in 4 years. This is the only outstanding note payable.

b. Prepaid insurance represents a 4-month insurance policy purchased on December 1.

c. On Oct 1, 2019, Gilbert Holdings paid $11,880 for a 9-month lease for office space.

d. Unearned revenue represents a 12-month contract for consulting services. The payment was received on July 1, 2019.

e. Supplies on hand total $10,480.

f. Equipment is depreciated on a straight-line basis; residual value is estimated to be $15,000 with an estimated service life of 10 years. The assets were held the entire year.

g. On Nov 1, Gilbert Holdings issued Monroe Supplies an 3-month note receivable at a 8.2% annual interest rate.

h. The company uses the percentage-of-receivables basis for estimating uncollectible accounts. The aging schedule of accounts receivable must be completed to determine management's desired balance for 2019.

i. Accrued wages totaling $35,838 were unpaid and unrecorded at December 31, 2019.

j. Utility costs incurred but unrecorded for the month of December were estimated to be $2,561.

Vast Spirit

Calendars imprints calendars with college names. The company has fixed expenses of

$1,125,000

each month plus variable expenses of

$4.50

per carton of calendars. Of the variable​ expense,

75​%

is cost of goods​ sold, while the remaining

25​%

relates to variable operating expenses. The company sells each carton of calendars for

$19.50.

Read the requirements

LOADING...

.

Requirement 1. Compute the number of cartons of calendars that

Vast Spirit

Calendars must sell each month to breakeven.  

Begin by determining the basic income statement equation.

Using the basic income statement equation you determined above solve for the number of cartons to break even.

Requirement 2. Compute the dollar amount of monthly sales

Vast Spirit

Calendars needs in order to earn

$338,000

in operating income.  

Begin by determining the formula.

​(Round the contribution margin ratio to two decimal​ places.)

Requirement 3. Prepare the​ company's contribution margin income statement for June for sales of

485,000

cartons of calendars.

Requirement 4. What is​ June's margin of safety​ (in dollars)? What is the operating leverage factor at this level of​ sales?

Begin by determining the formula.

What is the operating leverage factor at this level of​ sales? Begin by determining the formula.

​(Round the operating leverage factor to three decimal​ places.)

Requirement 5. By what percentage will operating income change if​ July's sales volume is

13​%

​higher? Prove your answer. ​(Round the percentage to two decimal​ places.)

Prove your answer. ​(Round the percentage to two decimal​ places.)

HappyPups makes pet cameras and will be introducing their newest product, the Furbo. The Furbo is a camera that allows dog owners to check in on their pup, give their pup a treat, and talk to them while they are away. HappyPups spent $375,000 on consumer demand studies and an additional $40,000 on research and development to get the perfect product for all pet lovers. Each Furbo will sell for $195. It is expected that Furbo product will generate additional revenue from the sale of treats that are compatible with device. It is expected that 50% of Furbo purchases will result in an additional $15 net profit from treat sales at time of purchase. The Furbo has a variable cost of $125.00, and the project will incur an annual fixed cost of $1,400,000 each year. HappyPups will need to purchase a new machine to manufacture the Furbo for $2,000,000, and will be depreciated using the 3-yr MACRS schedule. HappyPups anticipates it will be able to sell the machine for $750,000 at the end of the project in three years. In order to promote the product, HappyPups will initially set aside $1,000,000 worth of inventory at the beginning of the project and will readjust NWC levels to reflect 10% of Furbo Sales (not including the treats). All inventory will be liquidated at the end of project. However, by introducing the Furbo, HappyPups anticipate that will take away roughly $1,000,000 in revenue each year from its existing pet camera line. The required return for the project is 20%, and the tax rate is 21%

• Spent $375,000 and $40,000 on consumer demand studies and R&D
• Sales: 80,000 units, 70,000 units, 60,000 units.
• Retail price: $195, Variable Costs $125, and $1,400,000 in fixed costs
• 50% of Furbo purchases will result an additional $15 in revenue from Treat sales
• Machine to manufacture the product: $2,000,000, depreciated using 3yr MACRS schedule. Will be able to sell for $750,000 at the end of the 3^rd year.
• $1,000,000 will be set aside in inventory, and then adjust to 10% of Furbo sales (just the camera), and will be liquidated and recouped at the end of the project
• $1,000,000 in revenue will be lost each year from HappyPup’s existing pet camera line.

1. Calculate the Operating Cash flows for the project.
2. Calculate the Cash Flow From Assets for this Project.
3. What is the net present value of this project? Should the project be accepted or rejected?
4. What is the IRR of this project (round to nearest number)?
5. HappyPups does not have enough cash for the machine. HappyPups current has a debt-to-equity ratio of .7, and does not want to alter its capital structure. If HappyPups will be charged 8% to raise debt and 10% to raise equity, how much will the machine effectively cost HappyPups?
6. Using the information in number 5, what is the new net present value of the project?

Office Works has an order to manufacture several specialty products. The beginning cash and equity balances were $105,000. All other beginning balances were $0. Use your T-Account worksheet to record the following transactions:

1. Purchased $50,000 of direct materials on account.
2. Used $45,000 direct materials in production during the month.
3. Manufacturing employees worked 6,400 hours and were paid at a rate of $8 per hour. Paid cash for the direct labor expense.

4. The company applies OH based on direct labor cost. This year's annual overhead is estimated to be $500,000. The actual direct   labor cost last year was $1,250,000. The company estimates it will spend $625,000 in labor cost this year.
5. Compute and record the OH applied to the job.
6. Completed units costing $50,000 during the month.
7. Sold 6,000 units costing $6.50 during the month. The selling price is 30% above cost. Received cash.
8. This year, the company paid $40,000 cash for actual OH expenses incurred. Last year the company paid $65,000 cash for OH expenses. Record the actual OH costs.
9. The company considers OH differences less than $4,000 to be immaterial. By how much was OH over applied or under applied? Record the difference.

Now, CHOOSE 6 CORRECT STATEMENTS from the choices below. You should have 6 check marks indicating your answer choices. Each answer choice is worth 4 points:

1. The predetermined overhead rate is?
2. The direct labor that is debited to labor expense is?
3. How much are the total current manufacturing costs?
4. How much revenue did the company earn?
5. By how much was MOH over/under applied?
6. How much are the costs of goods manufactured?

Group of answer choices

The cost of goods manufactured is $40,000

The amount of sales revenue earned was $50,000

The amount of over/under applied MOH is $0

The predetermined MOH rate is $1.25

The amount of sales revenue earned was $50,700

The direct labor that will be debited to direct labor expense is $160,137

The direct labor that will be debited to direct labor expense is $40,960

The predetermined MOH rate is $.80

The amount of over/under applied MOH is $960

The direct labor that will be debited to direct labor expense is $0

The cost of goods manufactured is $50,000

The total current manufacturing costs are $137,160

The direct labor that will be debited to direct labor expense is $160,200

The cost of goods manufactured is $39,000

The direct labor that will be debited to direct labor expense is $51,200

The predetermined MOH rate is $..75

The amount of over/under applied MOH is $1,000

The amount of sales revenue earned was $39,000

Set up - You were hired in the role of accounting lead a couple of years ago by a privately held company.

You report directly to the CEO. The company sells its products through a dealer distribution network.

Revenue is booked at the time shipment occurs. Under standard practice, revenue will be booked as of

the last day of the month if the shipment will occur within 1 or 2 days of the new month. On occasion,

revenue may be booked if the product is ready for shipment but the dealer/customer does not wish to

take shipment due to a holiday or vacation schedule. (So, if the shipment does not occur only because it

is inconvenient for the dealer/customer to receive it, the customer is charged a nominal “warehousing”

fee and revenue will be recognized in such situations; shipment will occur as soon as it’s convenient for

the dealer/customer to receive the shipment upon their return to the workplace.) Since the company is

privately held, it does not require a financial audit but it does receive an annual financial review by an

independent CPA firm.

The Issue - At quarter end, you receive a call from your boss instructing you to book a $100,000 sale,

sending the invoice to a dealer/customer. On April 4, you send the invoice dated the last day of the

month (3/31) and you give the dealer/customer an additional 30 days to pay since the product had not

yet shipped as of April 4. The dealer/customer replies that as of April 5, he still does not have a

purchase order for the $100,000 sale but hopes to get one soon. In addition, if he cannot get the

purchase order, he hopes to get a purchase order elsewhere for basically the same products for a

hopefully similar price.

In addition, at the end of 2017, there was an order to be secured by a letter of credit. The CEO wants the

almost $100,000 sale in 2017. You let the CEO know you’re hesitant to book this in 2017 since the order

has not shipped and no letter of credit has been sent yet. There are also tax ramifications (i.e., the

company will fare better booking the sale in 2018 due to the more favorable tax treatment of

corporations under the new tax legislation). The CEO replies that before he decides, he wants to see

how the numbers shake out. He decides he wishes the revenue to appear in 2017.

There were some other bookings of revenues with various dealer/customers in quarter 1 totaling

approximately $150,000, for which letter of credit documentation had not yet been received. The

dealer/customers had not yet authorized shipment because the required documentation had not yet

cleared all channels (it was not due to holiday/vacation reason inconvenience), but the CEO said to

consider these transactions “warehoused” and book the revenue.

In addition to the fact that the review of 2017 is still ongoing, the company is looking to sell

approximately 20% of its stock to a publicly traded company. The 2017 financials have been provided to

the potential buyer (marked “unreviewed”) and the potential buyer has been asking for the quarter 1

results of 2018.

Get with your group. What is your view of the entire situation? What do you do? Be sure to pay

attention to rules/regs that lead you to feel there is an ethical problem here.

1. Determine the facts of the situation. This involves determining the "who, what, where, when, and how."

2. Identify the ethical issue and the stakeholders. Stakeholders may include shareholders, creditors, management, employees, and the community.

3. Identify the values related to the situation. For example, in some situations confidentiality may be an important value that may conflict with the right to know.

4. Specify the alternative courses of action.

5. Evaluate the courses of action specific in step 4 in sterms of their consistency with the values identified in step 3. This step may or may not lead to a suggested course of action.

6. Identify the consequences of each possible course of action. If step 5 does not provide a course of action, assess the consequences of each possible course of action for all of the stakeholders involved.

7. Make your decision and take any indicated action.