A developmental psychologist who wanted to know if children who started walking earlier performed better in school divided 30 children into Early, Middle, and Late Walkers. At the end of the second grade, the psychologist computed a composite performance score based on teachers' reports and found no overall difference between the groups: Early M = 2.94 (SD = .61); Middle M = 2.84 (SD = .70); Late M = 2.77 (SD = .64); F (2, 27) = .86, p = ns. Interpret this finding for a person who understands the t test for independent means but who is unfamiliar with the analysis of variance.

Mr. and Mrs. Bighead have two dependent children, both attending Temple University. Buford, age 19 is a sophomore who received a 1098T from Temple for 2017 showing $15,000 of qualified tuition and fees. Brunhilda, age 23 attends Temple Law School and she received a 1098T from Temple showing $25,000 in qualified tuition and fees.

a)Assuming an AGI on their joint return for 2017 of $172,000, how much education tax credits do the Bigheads get to take on their tax return?

b) How would your answer in a) change if their AGI were $125,000?

Presented below is the preclosing trial balance for the Scholarship fund, a private-purpose trust fund of the Algonquin School District.

Trial Balance-December 31, 2020 Debits Credits

Accounts payable $ 3,000

Accrued Interest Receivable $ 1,210

Administrative Expense 7,170

Cash 62,920

Increase in Fair value of Investments 5,300

Distributions-Scholarships 73,000

Interest Income 86,000

Investment in Bonds 1,452,000

Net position Restricted for Scholarship 1,502,000

Total $ 1,596,300 $ 1,596,300

Required:

Prepare the year-end closing entries and a Statement of Changes in Fiduciary Net Position for year ended December 31, 2020.

Is gender independent of education level? A random sample of 395 people were
surveyed and each person was asked to report the highest education level they
obtained. The data that resulted from the survey is summarized in the following table:
High School Bachelors Masters Ph.d. Total
Female 60 54 46 41 201
Male 40 44 53 57 194
Total 100 98 99 98 395
Question: Are gender and education level dependent at 5% level of significance? In
other words, given the data collected above, is there a relationship between the
gender of an individual and the level of education that they have obtained?

A teacher gives a third grade class of n = 16 a vocabulary test at the beginning of the school year. To evaluate the changes that occur during the year, students are tested again at the end of the year. Their test scores revealed an average improvement of MD = 5.7 points with s2 = 144. Does this constitute a significant improvement? Use a one tail, related-samples t test with an alpha level of .05.

find standard error find degrees of freedom

Enter the tabled critical value of t (tcrit)

Calculate the t statistic

Complete the APA formatted statistic:

Calculate Cohen's d

The College Board finds that the distribution of students' SAT scores depends on the level of education their parents have. Children of parents who did not finish high school have SAT math scores X with mean 448 and standard deviation 106. Scores Y of children of parents with graduate degrees have mean 562 and standard deviation 101. Perhaps we should standardize to a common scale for equity. Find numbers a, b, c, and d such that a + bX and c + dY both have mean 500 and standard deviation 100. (Round your answers to two decimal places.)

Put It in Writing Activity: Imagine that you have just been hired as the principal of a high school where students’ attendance and test performance has been poor and the dropout rate has been high. At a meeting with your teachers, you explain that the principles of classical and operant conditioning could be used to improve the situation.

Write a page describing how these principles could be used to increase students’ class attendance, study skills, and test performance.

Be sure to label all the concepts and principles you use (such as “conditioned stimulus,” “positive reinforcement,” “conditioned response,” “discriminative conditioned stimulus,” “shaping,” and the like)

The IRS policy statement states that imposing penalties, when warranted, enhances voluntary compliance. Back in 2000, I worked with a professor writing a book on the motivations that go into designing a punishment. According to Professor Nicholas Kittrie of American University Law School, there are various non-exclusive motivations behind any sanction: (1) punishment, (2) deterrence, (3) retribution (aka "just deserts"), (4) incapacitation (physical prevention of repeating the offense), (5) rehabilitation, and (6) victim rehabilitation.

What motivations do you think underlie the non-criminal penalties and the criminal penalties?