Completely and thoroughly explain how any type of Work Measurement Technique was used to determine the labor cost of their services by any Service Company that provides any type of service to its customers. A service company is any company that does some type of work for a customer, such a lawn maintenance, and although they may also include some products, such as applying fertilizer to the lawn, their primary function is providing the service, such as keeping the lawn, hedges, and flowers in an attractive condition.

Financial Accounting Journal Entry Cumulative Study Guide  

Find out all the journal entries for the transactions listed below.

1.The company issued shares of common stock in exchange for cash

2. Purchased office supplies on credit.

3. Purchased office equipment paying part in cash and signed a 30-day, note payable for the remiander.

4. Performed services and received cash from customer.

5 Paid cash in cash for the current month's rent.

6 Paid cash on account for office supplies purchased prior.

7 Received a bill for advertising for the current month. Payment will be made next month.

8 Hired a new employee who will begin working next month at a salary paid per month.

9 Billed customer for services performed.

10 Received cash in advance for work to be done next month.

11 Paid cash for a one-year insurance policy

12 Received cash from customer in partial payment for billing on account in transaction 9.

13 Performed but not billed customers for services performed

14 Purchase of a three-month insurance policy for cash.

15 Accrued interest on a long-term Note Payable. Monthly interest is accrued at an annual rate of 6%.

16 The company purchased a new copier at the beginning of the month for cash. The copier will depreciate per year. Depreciation Adjusting Entry is:

17 The company accepted a deposit of cash for work to be done over a six-month period.

18 The Supplies account has a balance of $1,005 An inventory of supplies at the end of March shows supplies with a cost of $275 on hand.

19 Salaries owed to employees at the end of the March total $3,400. The salaries will be paid on April 3.

20 Closing Entry for Year End

21 Purchased desks on account, terms 1/10, n/30.

22 Purchased desks for cash

23 Received credit for the return of 2 desks purchased that were defective.

24 Sold 12 desks on account terms 2/10, n/30.

25 Sold 12 Desks for cash

26 Paid cash for freight purchsed in 21 Stockholders’ Equity Retained Earnings

27 Paid cash for frieght sold in 25

28 Issued a credit to School for the return of 1 desk which is in usable condition and will be returned to stock.

29 Made Payment in full for purchased desks without discount

30 Made Payment in full for purchased desks with discount

31 Received payment in full for desks sold without discount

32 Received payment in full for desks sold with discount

33 Recording estimated uncollectibles;

34 Write-off of an uncollectible account:

35 Collection of an account after write-off:

Gerard grew up in Virginia. One of his colleagues remembers that Gerard was known in school, skilled at his schoolwork and that he liked to play soccer and listen to Opera. The friend also remembers that Gerard’s family was a modest one that can barely satisfy its needs while Gerard was not happy with this type of living. Gerard graduated with an accounting degree from a good college in 1996. He enjoyed the inward mechanisms of accounting systems, and in 2000 he found himself part of Delta Company after his employer, Pioneer manufacturing, was acquired for more than $10 billion. Gerard had an influential role in adopting enterprise resource planning system that replaced the old one in while he was employed at Delta Company. A mistake by his new employer, Pioneer Manufacturing created an opportunity for Gerard to steal company funds.

As a part of the changeover team, Gerard became experienced in all aspects of ERP accounting modules including accounts receivables, accounts payable, fixed assets, financial reporting, journal entries, checks and wire payment processing. I was granted by mistake an authorization to sign and approve checks, along with a co-worker, up to $300,000. I discovered this permission quite by accident some two years after the takeover.

Our accounting department consisted of a manager, assistant manager, accounting controller, and three people whom I supervise. Together with a fellow worker and an associate, I was among those authorized employees who can request checks. The fellow- worker and I also could approve checks. In the accounting department, we shared our passwords with each other so we can finalize the work without any delay in case someone was out of office and the task had to be done immediately. One day, while I was drinking my coffee and thinking, I realized that I can access to one of my colleagues’ account to request a check and I can then log into my credentials and approve my own request. I went to work every day for the next year tempted by the pot of gold that was there for the taking.

In June 2003, my spouse was pregnant and my yearly eighty thousand dollars salary was not covering my due bills and college loans. I thought that in case I fairly paid off my obligations, at that point we might do very well with my salary coordinating our living costs. I tried my scheme by paying the current due on one of my credit cards that had a title that included the word “Universal.” Before I left my office late, I logged on as fellow worker and asked for check issuance in the amount of $1,200 to Universal. This check looked typical since we did a lot of transactions with a company that includes the word “Universal” in its title. After the check was issued, I sent it with my statement of account to my credit card company, and the company credited my account in the amount of $1,200. After some time, I felt guilty and worried because if I were caught, I would lose my job for stealing $1,200. After one week, I continued repeating the same embezzlement process while changing the amounts till I had settled the whole amount of ninety-five thousand dollars due on my credit card. After my credit card settlement, I was free and clear of all debt, except for the mortgage on our house.

I noticed that one of my checks for $5,555 had apparently gone missing just before I’d cleared all the charges to the Universal card; it wasn’t posted against my credit card account, and it had not cleared the company’s bank account. I was stressed that something had caused the bank not to prepare the check or that my extortion had been discovered. For a couple of weeks, I anxiously looked at my emails each morning checking the subject lines for words like “explanation requested.” Each time the phone rang I expected that I would be called for a meeting. At that point at around 10 on a hot late-August morning, I received a mail envelope from our accounts payable department in Chicago. There was the check I had overlooked to put my individual credit card number on the check, and so the card payment processors didn’t know whose account to credit. The accounts payable department sent it back to me since they did not know the purpose and the nature of this check.

In the middle of cold winter, the impacts of the panic had worn off, and I began considering around how simple it was to get that $95,000 “bonus. I am thinking of repeating again the fraud although I was not really in need of that money as was the case before. I remembered the missing check scare, and so I now wanted a scheme that bypassed mailing the checks to my credit card company. I registered “Sigma Enterprise” with our secretary of state, got a federal ID number, and opened a bank account at a major bank with lots of branches in Chicago. I chose Sigma because our company did a lot of business with another company that had Sigma in its name. On a Wednesday afternoon, right before I left for the day, I logged on as associate and requested a check made out for $35,250. I then logged on as myself and approved it. I picked up the check on Thursday and deposited it in Sigma’s bank account on Saturday morning. The teller treated the transaction like any other routine transaction and handed me the deposit receipt showing that the whole $35,250 was available. Using this method, I stole about $2.1 million in 2004, $1.9 million in 2005, $3.4 million in 2006, and $0.9 million in 2007.

Getting a check was easy because I logged on as fellow worker or associate and requested a check and then I approved the check. The checks were printed overnight, and it was associate’s job to collect the physical checks every day from the company building next door. I had to make sure that associate had the day off the next day because, when associate was away, I was the person who collected the checks. At my desk I would remove the Sigma check from the batch, and all the other checks were mailed off to where they were supposed to go. Normally, I would just wait for associate to take the day off, and I’d request a Sigma check the day before. If I needed money urgently, I’d give associate the day off so that I could collect the checks.

For every credit, there has to be a debit, and my debits needed to be hidden somewhere. Our payments were usually for purchases, sales commission expenses, miscellaneous expenses, or an administrative expense. In 2003 and 2004, I hid all the debits in ledger accounts that had a lot of reconciliation activity, making sure that my debit helped the account reconcile to zero. One of my accounting tasks was to record the investment income of our Australian investments in U.S. dollars (USD) in our U.S. accounting records. I was supposed to use the average Australian-dollar-to-USD exchange rate to record the interest income. From 2005 to 2007, I would calculate the real exchange rate, and then I would purposely weaken the Australian dollar by a few basis points to understate the USD value of that income. I was the only person who worked on this task for seven years, and because the accounting system had thousands of journal entries and billions of dollars of transactions, my Sigma checks remained hidden.

Every Sigma check was deposited in my account, and I have to find some explanations and excuses to spend my money without making my spouse and colleagues suspicious. In the beginning, I told my friends and wife that I have a side business where I have many clients and good source of money; at that time, all was convinced because my lifestyle was normal. However, when my lifestyle changed to the ownership of unique luxury cars, travel trips to different cities on business class, I told people that I was a gambler at Vegas and brought with me proofs that I really gambled. The gambling story did not work with my wife especially that my wealth jumped to three million dollars in less than two years. So, I knew that I had to choose either my wife or continue my fraudulent activities. I chose to insulate her from all the acts I committed and I did not want to engage her with any of my dirty actions, so I divorced her.

By mid-2007, my extortion had cooled off, and I’d as it was taken $1 million so distant that year. An internal audit found that 3 of us in the accounting department had an authorization to approve checks and we were given internal forms that we had to fill them. One morning, the fellow worker and I were discussing this matter with our boss and we all agreed that we must not have approval checks authority since we are much involved in the accounting function. We actually revoked our own check approval authority.

My ex-wife and the fellow worker became friends and she informed him that she was not convinced of the gambling story which raised the suspicion of the fellow worker. The fellow worker went immediately to the office and ran a query about the whole list of 2007 checks that she had approved or requested. She found the Sigma checks which amounted to 0.9 million dollars. On Friday, I was called for a meeting which did not went well and after two days I was arrested by fraud investigators and I told them that I wanted to talk with my attorney

Required:

Answer the following questions:

1. What anti-fraud policies would have Delta Company adopt to prevent such fraudulent activities?

2. Based on your analysis of the case, why the accounting information system controls are important?

3. What are the fraudulent behaviors encountered in the case, and what are the mitigating controls that can be implemented to avoid such fraudulent activities?

4.        Suppose that you were assigned to conduct an integrated audit for Delta Company., what are the high-risk areas that you may identify?

3. Woodland Corporation purchased a printing machine three (3) years ago and is considering replacing it with a new one which is faster and easier to operate. The old machine has been depreciated over 3 years using straight line depreciation. Its original installation cost was $15,000. The old machine has been in use for 2 years, and it can be traded in for $3,500. The new machine will be purchased $24,000 and it will also be depreciated over 3 years using the straight line method. It is not expected to have a residual value. Net working capital will decrease because supply levels can be reduced by $1,500. Revenues will increase by $5,000 every year, it will result in laborsavings of $3,000 per year due to its greater speed. Reducing training expenses are expected to save an additional $2,500 per year. The firm is in the 20% tax bracket. Required: i. Calculate the operating cash flows from years 1 to 3. ii. What is the terminal year non‐operating cash flow?

Mr. X has been seen his business growing and increasing. It is a good business because online sales are available to reach all segment customers. The company is categorized as Small Medium Enterprises. Mr. X tried to anticipate these sales increased by buying more inventories. By buying more inventories, the company can fulfill increasing demand and attract new customers. This is data at present time:

Total Assets IDR 100

Fixed Assets IDR 40

Total current assets IDR 60 which including cash and inventory for IDR 32

Total current liabilities IDR 10

Share Paid Capital is IDR 90

Mr. X plans to expand his business for medium and long planning and it requires long term resources to finance more equipment.

Questions:

a. If the company wants Debt to Asset = 0,50. How much long-term liabilities is needed?

b. What is the changes in Debt to Equity Ratio.?

c. Using the old data (before the DER changes), company want to have current ratio = 2. How much credit purchase need to be made if the company wants current ratio =2?

A). The government needs revenue. It decides to tax lemon pie sales by 20%. Jimmy is a fan of lemon pies. He has an income of 100 pence. The price of lemon pies is 5 pence, the price of mascarpone pies is 4 pennies. Jimmy's utility is U=(lp)^2/3(mp)^1/3. How much revenue will the tax generate?

B). The tax on lemon pies is a burden on Jimmy. How big of a burden is it? Calculate the income increase that would be required to compensate Jimmy for the imposition of the tax. How does this compare to the revenue raised from the tax?

There is a web advertising company that collects users' data every time they click on a website, post a message on a social app, send an e-mail, or do any online searching. This data is then sold to companies so that they can use it to send customized advertisements to potential customers.

The exercise equipment company you work for is given access to this data, and you are asked to create association rules to identify future customers who are likely to buy the company's new exercise product.

After performing association rules analysis, you discover certain patterns that are very accurate in predicting the likelihood that a customer will buy the new exercise equipment. This discovery is likely to make your company a lot of money and also make you an analysis superstar at your company. At the same time, you realize the web advertising company has been collecting its data using inappropriate, albeit not illegal, means. Even though most consumers realize their online activities are tracked without their express permission, do you consider this ethical? Does the fact that the product the exercise company wants to sell is one that can benefit the customer? Justify your opinions with specific business examples.

1. A company makes a deferral adjustment that decreased a liability. This must

mean that a(n):

A expense account was decreased by the same amount.

B expense account was increased by the same amount.

C revenue account was increased by the same amount.

D revenue account was decreased by the same amount.

2. When a deferral adjustment is made to an asset account, that asset becomes

a(n):

A liability.

B other asset.

C revenue

D expense.

3. At the end of the year, accrual adjustments could include a:

A debit to an expense and a credit to an asset.

B credit to a revenue and a debit to an expense.

C debit to cash and a credit to Common Stock.

D debit to an expense and a credit to a liability.

4. One major difference between deferral and accrual adjustments is that

A accrual adjustments affect income statement accounts and deferral adjustments affect balance

sheet accounts.

B deferral adjustments increase net income and accrual adjustments decrease net income.

C deferral adjustments are made under the cash basis of accounting and accrual adjustments are

made under the accrual basis of accounting.

D accounts affected by an accrual adjustment always go in the same direction (i.e., both accounts are

increased or both accounts are decreased) and accounts affected by a deferral adjustment always

go in opposite directions (one account is increased and one account is decreased).

Tazer management now has concluded that the company cannot devote enough money to research and development to undertake all of these projects. Only $1.5 billion is available, which may be not enough for all the projects. The first row of table shows the amount needed (in millions of dollars) for each of these projects. The second row estimates each project’s probability of being successful. If a project is successful, it is estimated that the resulting drug would generate the revenue shown in the third row. Thus, the expected revenue (in the statistical sense) from a potential drug is the product of its numbers in the second and third rows, whereas its expected profit is this expected revenue minus the investment given in the first row. These expected profits are shown in the bottom row of table. The objective is to choose the projects that will maximize the expected profit while satisfying the budget constraint.

a. Formulate algebraic form for this problem. (Please clearly define all the decision variables, clearly write down the objective function and each constraints)

b. Formulate and solve this model on a spreadsheet.

TABLE Data for the Tazer Project Selection Problem

Top executive officers of Preston Company, a merchandising firm, are preparing the next year’s budget. The controller has provided everyone with the current year’s projected income statement. Current Year Sales revenue $ 3,200,000 Cost of goods sold 2,240,000 Gross profit 960,000 Selling & admin. expenses 380,000 Net income $ 580,000 Cost of goods sold is usually 70 percent of sales revenue, and selling and administrative expenses are usually 10 percent of sales plus a fixed cost of $60,000. The president has announced that the company’s goal is to increase net income by 15 percent.