Suppose that we wish to test a claim that a sequence of sample data was produced in a random manner, and suppose that each data value belongs to one of two categories. Let n1n1 be the number of elements in the sequence that belong to the first category, n2n2 be the number of elements in the sequence that belong to the second category, and GG be the number of runs in such a sequence.

Answer each of the following questions

(a) The null hypothesis H0H0 is given by

A. β=0β=0
B. n1=n2n1=n2
C. ρ=0ρ=0
D. G=0G=0
E. The data are in a random order
F. r=0r=0
G. The data are in an order that is not random
H. Median=0=0
I. None of the above.

(b) The null hypothesis H1H1 is given by

A. The data are in an order that is not random
B. G≠0
C. n1≠n2n
D. The data are in a random order
E. Median ≠0
F. β≠0
G. r≠0
H. ρ≠0
I. None of the above.

(c) If α=.05,n1=11,n2=10 and G=11α=.05,n1=11,n2=10 and G=11, then the test statistic is

A. z=−1.73818884141813
B. z=+0.213735725267969
C. z=−1.77383808744063
D. z=0.786264274732031
E. z=+1.73818884141813
F. z=−0.213735725267969
G. G=11.
H. G=−11
I. z=+1.77383808744063
J. z=−0.786264274732031
K. None of the above.

(d) If α=.01,n1=10,n2=11 and G=11α=.01,n1=10,n2=11 and G=11, then the test statistic is

A. z=−1.78626427473203
B. z=−0.786264274732031
C. z=0.786264274732031
D. G=11G=11.
E. z=0.276264274732031
F. G=−11
G. z=−0.276264274732031
H. z=+0.213735725267969
I. z=1.78626427473203
J. z=−0.213735725267969
K. None of the above.

a) Based on recent statistics, Green Way Airlines expects 4.2% of its customers will be “no shows”. If the airline sold 260 seats for a flight, how many people would the airline expect as “no-shows”? (Round to the nearest whole number)

b) If the airplane can hold 254 passengers, can all those who show up at the gate get on the plane? Explain

4. Volunteers from Habitat for Humanity are painting 16 interior walls in new homes that have been built. Each wall measures 14 feet by 6 2/3 feet. a) If a gallon of paint covers 400 square feet, how many gallons will be required to paint all the walls? (Round to next whole number) b) If each gallon costs $27.95, find the cost of the project.

5. In a recent year, wind machines in the United States generated 17.8 billion kilowatt-hours of electricity (enough to power more than 1.6 million households). The nation's total electricity production was 4450 billion kilowatt-hours. What percent of the total electrical energy production was generated by wind machines?

6. If a 5 1/4 inch line on a map represents a 9-mile road, how many miles would be represented by a 3 1/2 inch line?

7. At a fire sale, items are being sold at 3/4 off the marked price. What is the sale price of an item that has a marked price of $156?

8. Sixteen ounces of mouthwash costs $3.49 while a 33-ounce container of the same brand costs $6.99. Which is a better buy? Why?

9. The price of gasoline jumped from $3.24 per gallon to $4.05 per gallon in one year. What was the percent increase?

10. You buy 2.75 yards of material at $4.80 per yard and pay $0.87 sales tax. What is the total cost for your purchase?

11. Ruth orders clothes from a retail catalog. She orders two turtleneck tops for $35 each, two pairs of stretch pants for $45 each, one winter jacket for $130, and three leather belts for $25 each. The shipping and handling charge for the order is $15. What is the total charge for Ruth's order?

12. A recipe for a wedding punch calls for 12 quarts of champagne. If the champagne comes in bottles that are 4/5 of a quart, how many bottles of champagne would be needed?

13. One bank offers a 4-year car loan at an annual simple interest rate of 7% plus a loan application fee of $45. A second bank offers 4-year car loans at an annual simple interest rate of 8% but no loan application fee. If you need to borrow $5800 to purchase a car, which of the two bank loans has the lesser loan cost? (Assume you keep the car for all 4 years.)

14. In a recent survey of new car buyers, 20 of 63 men said they would prefer to buy a silver car while 16 of 49 women said they would prefer silver. a) Which group has a stronger preference for silver cars? b) Explain your answer

15. How many acres are contained in 1 square mile? (1 mile = 5280 ft.; 1 acre = 43,560 sq. ft.)

A team of researchers recruited a random sample of migraine sufferers. Before the study began at baseline, participants were asked to record the duration of headaches they experienced in a week. A few days later, all participants were asked to practice a week-long relaxation technique designed to reduce migraine headaches. A three-week off period in which the participants practiced nothing was given between the relaxation technique. Throughout the relaxation technique participants were asked to record the duration of headaches. What can be concluded with an α of 0.01?

a) What is the appropriate test statistic?
---Select--- na one-way ANOVA within-subjects ANOVA two-way ANOVA

b) Compute the appropriate test statistic(s) to make a decision about H₀.
critical value =  ; test statistic =  
Decision:  ---Select--- Reject H0 Fail to reject H0

c) Compute the corresponding effect size(s) and indicate magnitude(s).
η² =  ;  ---Select--- na trivial effect small effect medium effect large effect

d) Make an interpretation based on the results.

At least one week differs on the headache duration.None of the weeks differed on headache duration.    

e) Conduct Tukey's Post Hoc Test for the following comparisons:
1 vs. 3: difference =  ; significant:  ---Select--- Yes No
2 vs. 3: difference =  ; significant:  ---Select--- Yes No

f) Conduct Scheffe's Post Hoc Test for the following comparisons:
1 vs. 3: test statistic =  ; significant:  ---Select--- Yes No
2 vs. 3: test statistic =  ; significant:  ---Select--- Yes No

Scientist warn that food shortages are an impending future issue for humans. A potential solution is eating non-traditional foods in the western world. An experimental psychologist knows that westerners are uncomfortable eating food other cultures have no trouble eating. The psychologist developed a method to help individuals tolerate more the eating of non-ordinary food. However, the psychologist is unsure which type(s) of foods the method will be more effective on. The psychologist has some participants go through the method and then asks them to eat each of the following out of the ordinary foods: stick insects, bovine testicles, fish eyes, and Witchetty grubs. On each occasion, participants are measured on how many seconds it takes before they gagged while eating the food. The data are in the table below. What can the psychologist concluded with α = 0.01?

a) What is the appropriate test statistic?
---Select--- na one-way ANOVA within-subjects ANOVA two-way ANOVA

b) Input the appropriate value(s) to make a decision about H₀.
p-value =_______________ ; Decision:  ---Select--- Reject H0 Fail to reject H0

c) Using the SPSS results, compute the corresponding effect size(s) and indicate magnitude(s).
η² =  ;  ---Select--- na trivial effect small effect medium effect large effect

d) Make an interpretation based on the results.

1) At least one of the foods differed on time before gagging.

2) None of the foods differed on time before gagging.    

McGilla Golf is evaluating a new line of golf clubs. The clubs will sell for $890 per set and have a variable cost of $395 per set. The company has spent $130,000 for a marketing study that determined the company will sell 45,000 sets per year for seven years. The marketing study also determined that the company will lose sales of 8,400 sets of its high-priced clubs. The high-priced clubs sell at $1,390 and have variable costs of $520. The company also will increase sales of its cheap clubs by 11,000 sets. The cheap clubs sell for $395 and have variable costs of $125 per set. The fixed costs each year will be $9,100,000. The company has also spent $900,000 on research and development for the new clubs. The plant and equipment required will cost $27,300,000 and will be depreciated on a straight-line basis to a zero salvage value. The new clubs also will require an increase in net working capital of $2,200,000 that will be returned at the end of the project. The tax rate is 21 percent and the cost of capital is 12 percent. Suppose you feel that the values are accurate to within only ±10 percent.

What are the best-case and worst-case NPVs? (Hint: The price and variable costs for the two existing sets of clubs are known with certainty; only the sales gained or lost are uncertain.)

McGilla Golf has decided to sell a new line of golf clubs. The clubs will sell for $780 per set and have a variable cost of $380 per set. The company has spent $148,000 for a marketing study that determined the company will sell 52,000 sets per year for seven years. The marketing study also determined that the company will lose sales of 9,300 sets of its high-priced clubs. The high-priced clubs sell at $1,080 and have variable costs of $680. The company will also increase sales of its cheap clubs by 10,800 sets. The cheap clubs sell for $420 and have variable costs of $220 per set. The fixed costs each year will be $9,080,000. The company has also spent $1,090,000 on research and development for the new clubs. The plant and equipment required will cost $28,560,000 and will be depreciated on a straight-line basis. The new clubs will also require an increase in net working capital of $1,280,000 that will be returned at the end of the project. The tax rate is 36 percent, and the cost of capital is 10 percent. Suppose you feel that the values are accurate to within only ±10 percent. What are the best-case and worst-case NPVs? (Hint: The price and variable costs for the two existing sets of clubs are known with certainty; only the sales gained or lost are uncertain.

he novel corona virus disease (also known as COVID – 19) which started in WUHAN in December 2019 has grounded the global economy to a halt. World crude prices reached their lowest and trade among nations have generally slowed. Production has slowed and jobs are being lost across the globe.
Globally, over seven million people have contracted the virus and over four hundred thousand have died. Ghana announced its first two confirmed cases of COVID – 19 on 12 March, 2020 and as at June 14, 2020, the number of confirmed cases stood at 11,964 with 54 deaths. The impact of the COVID – 19 pandemic on Ghanaian economy and the global economy at large is predicted to be very severe. The government of Ghana, like many other governments, is spending more funds on containing the pandemic and limiting the effect of the pandemic on the economy. The IMF Executive Board approved the disbursement of US$1 billion drawn under the Rapid Credit Facility (RCF) for Ghana on April 13, 2020 after receiving application from the country’s government.
Given this background, briefly discuss the repercussions of the corona virus pandemic for the Ghanaian economy and foreign exchange market. Suggest ways of mitigating the effects of covid – 19 on Ghana’s balance of payments (BOP).