A team of researchers recruited a random sample of migraine sufferers. Before the study began at baseline, participants were asked to record the duration of headaches they experienced in a week. A few days later, all participants were asked to practice a week-long relaxation technique designed to reduce migraine headaches. A three-week off period in which the participants practiced nothing was given between the relaxation technique. Throughout the relaxation technique participants were asked to record the duration of headaches. What can be concluded with an α of 0.01?

a) What is the appropriate test statistic?
---Select--- na one-way ANOVA within-subjects ANOVA two-way ANOVA

b) Compute the appropriate test statistic(s) to make a decision about H₀.
critical value =  ; test statistic =  
Decision:  ---Select--- Reject H0 Fail to reject H0

c) Compute the corresponding effect size(s) and indicate magnitude(s).
η² =  ;  ---Select--- na trivial effect small effect medium effect large effect

d) Make an interpretation based on the results.

At least one week differs on the headache duration.None of the weeks differed on headache duration.    

e) Conduct Tukey's Post Hoc Test for the following comparisons:
1 vs. 3: difference =  ; significant:  ---Select--- Yes No
2 vs. 3: difference =  ; significant:  ---Select--- Yes No

f) Conduct Scheffe's Post Hoc Test for the following comparisons:
1 vs. 3: test statistic =  ; significant:  ---Select--- Yes No
2 vs. 3: test statistic =  ; significant:  ---Select--- Yes No

Scientist warn that food shortages are an impending future issue for humans. A potential solution is eating non-traditional foods in the western world. An experimental psychologist knows that westerners are uncomfortable eating food other cultures have no trouble eating. The psychologist developed a method to help individuals tolerate more the eating of non-ordinary food. However, the psychologist is unsure which type(s) of foods the method will be more effective on. The psychologist has some participants go through the method and then asks them to eat each of the following out of the ordinary foods: stick insects, bovine testicles, fish eyes, and Witchetty grubs. On each occasion, participants are measured on how many seconds it takes before they gagged while eating the food. The data are in the table below. What can the psychologist concluded with α = 0.01?

a) What is the appropriate test statistic?
---Select--- na one-way ANOVA within-subjects ANOVA two-way ANOVA

b) Input the appropriate value(s) to make a decision about H₀.
p-value =_______________ ; Decision:  ---Select--- Reject H0 Fail to reject H0

c) Using the SPSS results, compute the corresponding effect size(s) and indicate magnitude(s).
η² =  ;  ---Select--- na trivial effect small effect medium effect large effect

d) Make an interpretation based on the results.

1) At least one of the foods differed on time before gagging.

2) None of the foods differed on time before gagging.    

McGilla Golf is evaluating a new line of golf clubs. The clubs will sell for $890 per set and have a variable cost of $395 per set. The company has spent $130,000 for a marketing study that determined the company will sell 45,000 sets per year for seven years. The marketing study also determined that the company will lose sales of 8,400 sets of its high-priced clubs. The high-priced clubs sell at $1,390 and have variable costs of $520. The company also will increase sales of its cheap clubs by 11,000 sets. The cheap clubs sell for $395 and have variable costs of $125 per set. The fixed costs each year will be $9,100,000. The company has also spent $900,000 on research and development for the new clubs. The plant and equipment required will cost $27,300,000 and will be depreciated on a straight-line basis to a zero salvage value. The new clubs also will require an increase in net working capital of $2,200,000 that will be returned at the end of the project. The tax rate is 21 percent and the cost of capital is 12 percent. Suppose you feel that the values are accurate to within only ±10 percent.

What are the best-case and worst-case NPVs? (Hint: The price and variable costs for the two existing sets of clubs are known with certainty; only the sales gained or lost are uncertain.)

McGilla Golf has decided to sell a new line of golf clubs. The clubs will sell for $780 per set and have a variable cost of $380 per set. The company has spent $148,000 for a marketing study that determined the company will sell 52,000 sets per year for seven years. The marketing study also determined that the company will lose sales of 9,300 sets of its high-priced clubs. The high-priced clubs sell at $1,080 and have variable costs of $680. The company will also increase sales of its cheap clubs by 10,800 sets. The cheap clubs sell for $420 and have variable costs of $220 per set. The fixed costs each year will be $9,080,000. The company has also spent $1,090,000 on research and development for the new clubs. The plant and equipment required will cost $28,560,000 and will be depreciated on a straight-line basis. The new clubs will also require an increase in net working capital of $1,280,000 that will be returned at the end of the project. The tax rate is 36 percent, and the cost of capital is 10 percent. Suppose you feel that the values are accurate to within only ±10 percent. What are the best-case and worst-case NPVs? (Hint: The price and variable costs for the two existing sets of clubs are known with certainty; only the sales gained or lost are uncertain.

he novel corona virus disease (also known as COVID – 19) which started in WUHAN in December 2019 has grounded the global economy to a halt. World crude prices reached their lowest and trade among nations have generally slowed. Production has slowed and jobs are being lost across the globe.
Globally, over seven million people have contracted the virus and over four hundred thousand have died. Ghana announced its first two confirmed cases of COVID – 19 on 12 March, 2020 and as at June 14, 2020, the number of confirmed cases stood at 11,964 with 54 deaths. The impact of the COVID – 19 pandemic on Ghanaian economy and the global economy at large is predicted to be very severe. The government of Ghana, like many other governments, is spending more funds on containing the pandemic and limiting the effect of the pandemic on the economy. The IMF Executive Board approved the disbursement of US$1 billion drawn under the Rapid Credit Facility (RCF) for Ghana on April 13, 2020 after receiving application from the country’s government.
Given this background, briefly discuss the repercussions of the corona virus pandemic for the Ghanaian economy and foreign exchange market. Suggest ways of mitigating the effects of covid – 19 on Ghana’s balance of payments (BOP).

McGilla Golf has decided to sell a new line of golf clubs. The clubs will sell for $775 per set and have a variable cost of $335 per set. The company has spent $160,000 for a marketing study that determined the company will sell 61,000 sets per year for seven years. The marketing study also determined that the company will lose sales of 10,200 sets of its high-priced clubs. The high-priced clubs sell at $1,145 and have variable costs of $605. The company will also increase sales of its cheap clubs by 12,200 sets. The cheap clubs sell for $365 and have variable costs of $155 per set. The fixed costs each year will be $9,850,000. The company has also spent $1,100,000 on research and development for the new clubs. The plant and equipment required will cost $37,400,000 and will be depreciated on a straight-line basis. The new clubs will also require an increase in net working capital of $1,800,000 that will be returned at the end of the project. The tax rate is 21 percent, and the cost of capital is 9 percent. Suppose you feel that the values are accurate to within only ±10 percent. What are the best-case and worst-case NPVs? (Hint: The price and variable costs for the two existing sets of clubs are known with certainty; only the sales gained or lost are uncertain.)