Determining Market-Based and Negotiated Transfer Prices

Clanahan, Inc., has a number of divisions around the world. Division US (in the United States) purchases a component from Division N (in the Netherlands). The component can be purchased externally for $25.10 each. The freight and insurance on the item amount to $2.50; however, commissions of $2.50 need not be paid.

Required:

Round your answers to the nearest cent.

1. Calculate the transfer price using the comparable uncontrolled price method.
$ per unit

2. Suppose that there is no outside market for the component that Division N transfers to Division US. Further assume that Division US sells the component for $31.20 and normally receives a 30 percent markup on cost of goods sold. Calculate the transfer price using the resale price method.
$ per unit

3. Now assume that there is no external market for the component transferred from Division N to Division US, and that the component is used in the manufacture of another product (i.e., it is not resold). Calculate the transfer price using the cost-plus method. Further assume that Division N’s manufacturing cost for the component is $18.10.
$ per unit

4. What if commissions avoided were $2.75 per unit?

What would be the comparable uncontrolled price?
$ per unit

What affect would this have on the resale price?

What affect would this have on the cost-plus price?

1. Perform a hypothesis test to examine the claim that the proportion of Hispanic/Latino people killed by police in the US is different from 16.4% (the 2014 demographic percentage for Hispanic/Latino Americans in the US population).

   1. Clearly state the null and alternative hypotheses to test, both as sentences and using symbols.

   2. Are the conditions (independent data and large enough sample size) met?

   3. Use technology to calculate the test statistic and the P-value.

   4. Make a sketch showing the distribution and the P-value.

   5. Using significance level 0.05, do you reject the null hypothesis or not?

   6. Communicate the conclusion of your hypothesis test in context.

      2. ​​​​​​​​​​​​​​Now perform a hypothesis test to examine the claim that the proportion of Black people killed by police in the US is different from 12.6% (the 2014 demographic percentage for Black Americans in the US population).

      1. Clearly state the null and alternative hypotheses to test, both as sentences and using symbols.

      2. Are the conditions (independent data and large enough sample size) met?

      3. ​​​​​​​Use technology to calculate the test statistic and the P-value.

      4. Make a sketch showing the distribution and the P-value.

      5. Using significance level 0.05, do you reject the null hypothesis or not?

      6. Communicate the conclusion of your hypothesis test in context.

Determining Market-Based and Negotiated Transfer Prices

Clanahan, Inc., has a number of divisions around the world. Division US (in the United States) purchases a component from Division N (in the Netherlands). The component can be purchased externally for $24.60 each. The freight and insurance on the item amount to $2.45; however, commissions of $2.60 need not be paid.

Required:

Round your answers to the nearest cent.

1. Calculate the transfer price using the comparable uncontrolled price method.
$ fill in the blank 1per unit

2. Suppose that there is no outside market for the component that Division N transfers to Division US. Further assume that Division US sells the component for $27.30 and normally receives a 30 percent markup on cost of goods sold. Calculate the transfer price using the resale price method.
$ fill in the blank 2per unit

3. Now assume that there is no external market for the component transferred from Division N to Division US, and that the component is used in the manufacture of another product (i.e., it is not resold). Calculate the transfer price using the cost-plus method. Further assume that Division N’s manufacturing cost for the component is $18.50.
$ fill in the blank 3per unit

4. What if commissions avoided were $2.90 per unit?

What would be the comparable uncontrolled price?
$ fill in the blank 4per unit

What affect would this have on the resale price?

What affect would this have on the cost-plus price?

Members of a fishing village in New England have open access to a fishery (no one in the village explicitly owns the fishery). As long as an individual is a resident of the village, the individual can harvest as much fish as he wants from the fishery. All non‐residents are not allowed to fish. Given this scenario, is the equilibrium level of fishery harvest “too much” or “too little” or equal to the social optimum? Explain why this occurs. Support your answer by drawing the private and social, marginal cost and marginal benefit curves for fish. Identify the deadweight loss area if any exists.

Please give a detailed explanation for the answers. Thank you!

Suppose that an individual has a utility function of the form U = Y^½ where U is utility and Y is income.

                       a)   Calculate the utility level for Y values of $10,000, $40,000, $90,000, $160,000, and $250,000 and then plot the individual’s total utility function.

                        b)   This individual is currently earning $90,000 but has a 50-50 chance of earning either $40,000 or $160,000 in a new job.

                              i)   Calculate the expected income and utility from the new job.

                             ii)    Calculate and illustrate the risk premium .

                            iii)    Calculate the standard deviation.

PLEASE SHOW YOUR WORK ON HOW YOU GOT EACH ANSWER (INCLUDING STEP-BY-STEP CALCULATIONS)!

Achievement gaps, or differences in performance, exist between boys and girls and men and women. These gaps may relate to athletic performance, career choice or success, academic achievement, or general psychological measures such as cognitive abilities. The question that contemporary research seeks to answer is why these gaps exist and what can be done to lessen or eliminate them. One category of variables that can affect achievement is individual differences such as self-concept or attitudes. For instance, girls or boys may exhibit less self-confidence in academic domains that have been traditionally associated with success by the other sex. It is important to note that although these differences appear to arise internally, from the self, the environment (e.g., messages individuals receive about gender stereotypes or experiences they have) also influences individual differences. Biological and environmental influences do not exist in isolation from one another. Strong evidence exists for the influence of social factors, especially input from parents and educators, in affecting performance and interest in various domains, which can have a widespread and long-lasting influence.

A difficulty in studying achievement gaps is that sex and gender are not the only identities that affect achievement. Economic status, ethnicity, culture, and other facets of identity may interface with sex and gender to create complex dynamics. You may notice in your text that many studies report gender achievement gaps in certain areas for one ethnic group but not another, or in one age group but not another.

For this Discussion, you will examine one gender achievement gap in depth by explaining the factors that influence it and how it affects individuals and societies. In your response posts, you will share strategies that could be used to mitigate the gaps your colleagues discussed.

To prepare

• Review the individual difference factors and social factors that contribute to achievement gaps (e.g., the math gap) between boys and girls and men and women.
• Identify one achievement gap that you have experienced or witnessed, either in the classroom or in the workplace. Then, identify at least one individual difference factor and one social factor that appear to contribute to this achievement gap. Consider how this achievement gap influences both the individual and society as a whole.

By Day 4

Post a description of the achievement gap and the influencing factors (individual and social) you identified and how they affect you personally. Explain how this achievement gap is supported by gender stereotyping or gender-related socialization. Finally, explain how these achievement gaps may have implications for both individuals and society as a whole

Technology that performs at the level of superhuman intelligence and beyond already exists. As Harris explained, even with a machine that performs at the level of humans or a group of researchers, it’ll still work exponentially faster than them. Harris says, describing a machine like that, that “in one week, it can perform 20,000 years of human-level intellectual work.” So of course, it’ll be convenient and amazing to have artificial intelligence find the cure to disease and find the answers to a question almost instantaneously compared to a group of researchers who may take months to do so, but when does AI reach the point where it’s so smart, that it’ll have no problem disregarding human’s lives to do what it wants to do?

Within the first two minutes of Sam Harris’ TED Talk on artificial intelligence, I was reminded of many of the episodes in Black Mirror where advanced technology in which we can currently only dream of becomes abused and causes chaos. Technology is constantly becoming more advanced, efficient, and intelligent. Undoubtedly, artificial intelligence will one day become so intelligent, it’ll have the ability to function independently of a human’s control. Without regulation, one day robot’s will start fixing all our economic issues and research questions. Human will be almost or basically useless and free to roam the earth doing whatever, just depending on robot’s to keep the world spinning. And what will stop robots from viewing us as “ants” and not hesitating to take us out if we are in their way? I agree that technology has brought us very far and I do think it should continue advancing whether it is to cure Alzheimers or just make our daily life more convenient, but when does AI become dangerously advanced? How do we decide when AI will threaten the human species? When do we decide to put a stop to it?