Question 1

The Affordable Care Act benefited health insurance companies by providing them with more paying customers and new government subsidies.

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Question 2

Immigration reform efforts are complicated by the complexity and interconnectedness of the issues raised by immigration policy.

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Question 3

Foreign policy conflicts tend to center around differences in material interests between competing groups.

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Question 4

Since the end of the Cold War, U.S. foreign policymakers have increasingly embraced reductions in tariffs and other trade barriers.

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Question 5

Which of these incentives do health insurance companies have?

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Question 6

Which of these factors has given elected officials a reason to pursue healthcare reform?

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Question 7

Which factor contributes most to rising costs for healthcare providers like doctors, hospitals, and clinics?

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Question 8

Which of these immigration policies would a liberal be much more likely than a conservative to support?

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Question 9

Which of these two groups are most likely to AGREE on a plan to provide amnesty for illegal immigrants?

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Question 10

Which of these facts demonstrates a commitment to the Wilsonian tradition of foreign policy?

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Question 11

Which of these actions would fit within the Global Meliorist tradition of foreign policy?

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Question 12

Which of these factors most seriously complicates the implementation of U.S. foreign policy?

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Overfeeding, Disuse, and Cardiometabolic Outcomes

1. Explain why a child who goes to school without eating breakfast would have difficulty concentrating on schoolwork.

2. Explain why caloric restriction alone would not be a feasible way to attain a 3:1 SER. List several other strategies for achieving a 3:1 SER.

3. Describe three cellular impairments resulting from substrate build-up in the cell. How do these cellular impairments relate to whole-body metabolic function?

4. Rank the risk factors of obesity, smoking, hypertension, and physical inactivity according to their level of public health burden. Be ready to justify your ranking.

5. In addition to the multisector strategies for improving population levels of physical activity described at the end of the chapter, list five of your own. How feasible would your strategies be to enact?

6. Does a ban on the sale of large sugary drinks (think Big Gulp or Double Gulp at 7-Eleven) make sense for public health practice? Why or why not?

Maternal Biology

1. Approximately 50% of pregnancies in the United States are unintended. In thinking about embryology, why is this a significant public health concern?

2. Fetal alcohol exposure is the leading cause of mental retardation in the United States. The data reveal a direct dose–response relationship between the amount of maternal alcohol consumption and the severity of adverse fetal outcomes; however, they do not identify a minimum threshold of effect.

• Discuss how these data inform the opinions of the CDC, ACOG, the American College of Nurse-Midwives, and other major health organizations that assert there is no safe level of alcohol consumption in pregnancy.

• How would you explain these data in simple terms to a friend who asks you if it is safe to have a few drinks in pregnancy?

3. In February 2016, the CDC provoked significant controversy with the release of the following recommendations in the Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 2011-2013.

Three in four women who wanted to get pregnant as soon as possible reported drinking alcohol, putting them at risk for an alcohol-exposed pregnancy. Any sexually active woman of reproductive age who is drinking alcohol and not using birth control is at risk for an ­alcohol-exposed pregnancy.

To help prevent adverse consequences of alcohol consumption during pregnancy, health care providers should discuss and recommend, as appropriate, available contraception methods to women who are sexually active and drink alcohol.

• What was the likely intent of this public health message?

• Discuss some of the possible sources of controversy. What assumptions did the CDC make about its target audience? What might have been some effects of these assumptions?

• One of the major challenges in public health is to develop and disseminate messages that address risky health behaviors, while also not infringing on an individual’s sense of personal freedom or choice. Given your knowledge of pregnancy, embryology, and prenatal care, discuss alternative public health strategies for addressing fetal alcohol syndrome in the United States.

Aging

1. List several political, social, and economic consequences of having a shrinking workforce population (aged 18–64 years) relative to a growing population of older adults (≥ 65 years) in developed countries.

2. Let’s assume a marathon runner maintained exactly the same training regimen through middle age and after menopause. Describe the trajectory over 10 years in her marathon times and her body weight and why this might be so.

3. Discuss the pros and cons of compressing morbidity within a set life expectancy vs. extending the life expectancy without attempting to compress morbidity.

4. How can you help an older parent or relative to “age in place”? What would need to happen?

5. Create your own 2020 Health Objectives for older people.

Case study:

A Few Good People: Several years ago a very successful CEO and principal stockholder in a chemical company came to speak to the students at William and Mary. Our speaker is an entrepreneur who was involved with the start-up of his company. He is financially very successful and at the time he spoke to W&M students he was a member of the advisory board of a business school in his home city. Our speaker revealed that he is quite comfortable making economic trade-offs between fines for chemical pollution of the environment and business profitability. If the expenses related to fines plus the costs of paying-off any officials are less than the gains to be had from low-cost, high-pollution production, he believes the decision is simply a matter of evaluating the cash flows. Our speaker has business operations in many parts of the world and he indicated that getting around pollution problems is often more complicated than simply paying fines. In many countries it is helpful or even necessary to bribe government officials. Bribes might be paid to high-ranking officials who can influence the legislative process or make decisions to approve plant operations and locations. Bribes might also be paid to local officials to overlook violations or to avoid enforcing existing laws. Of course, it goes without saying, the bribes only make business sense if the financial advantages gained are greater than the cost of the bribes. Our speaker complained that under the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FPCA) the United States in addition to civil penalties can impose criminal penalties for certain "corrupt" practices possibly including some of the bribery practices described above. He noted that other countries regard these business practices as civil problems that may or may not result in fines. He argued that on a "level playing field" the United States should not subject him to exposure to jail-time when business people from other countries can pay for their premeditated transgressions with fines. Our speaker also identified new international business opportunities by naming countries more welcoming to chemical production because of their lax, unenforced, or non-existent environmental restrictions. He ended his remarks by welcoming inquiries from interested students. He was, as he said, always on the watch for a "few good people" to add to his staff. Our guest was controversial. Some students were upset that such a politically incorrect speaker could have slipped by the speakers' committee. They asked, “How could we expose students to such a pernicious influence?” Other students found themselves more interested in the speaker's formula for success. The speaker did surprise most people in the audience both with his candor and his business practices. As the event progressed the speaker became aware that he was not receiving the admiration and appreciation he expected. Towards the end of his time, he became far less comfortable discussing his leadership, and he has not returned.

Question:

1. When this executive interviews prospective new hires for his company, what qualities do you think he is seeking in those "few good people" to whom he extends offers?
2. Subsequent to passing the FCPA in 1977, the United States has influenced more than 30 other nations to pass comparable legislation. While the speaker clearly saw the FCPA as being anti-business, it is safe to assume that many other businesses (especially large and influential businesses) did not oppose the FCPA (otherwise, it almost certainly would not have passed the U.S. Congress). The FPCA is an example of a “social contract.” This legislation is not applicable to any practice that is found to be corrupt, rather it is written to address specific corrupt practices included in the FCPA such as bribing foreign officials to influence their decision to make purchases (e.g., airplanes). Discuss why business leaders and companies other than the speaker in the case who are involved in global commerce would support the FCPA (and disagree with the speaker).

1.       In most hotel companies, strategic planning is a series of tasks carried out by the GM and ownership working together to set long-term objectives, and the ways in which these objectives can be achieved by the management team. What is the missing step in this list of steps in the process of linking strategic plans to operational plans? Current Performance ; Market Potential ; _________; Baseline Financial Plan; Tactical Plan; Operating Budget; Funding plan.

a)      Economic Forecast

b)      Risk Assessment

c)       Cash Flow Forecast

d)      Strategy Impact Projects

2.       Select the group of words that is missing from the following statement. “Corporate culture is established at the _____ of an organization and can have a significant impact on the ability of managers to ensure that there is a link between strategy and every day _______ actions. Without such a link, there is a risk that _______ will be seen as only relevant to ______ and _____ ___________. They in turn may be accused of not knowing what is going on in the day to day operations of the business.”

a)      Head Office, Departmental, Management, Shareholders, Financial Institutions

b)      Top, Customer, Strategy; Owners, Senior Management

c)       Head Office, Departmental, Strategy, Owners, Financial Institutions

d)      Top, Departmental, Strategy, Owners, Senior Management

3.       Complete this list of the types of data that a hotel business will need in order to be able to plan effectively: target, budget, actual, ______, benchmark

a)      Estimated

b)      Historical

c)       Forecast

d)      Real

4.       Select the group of words missing from this summary of what represents a good business plan: It provides ownership or their representatives with a clear, whole business view of what needs to be managed. It provides a _______ view of the business within an adaptable planning horizon. It helps operational managers to ______ a short-sighted, departmental view of the business. It achieves a more effective use of ________, including working capital. It provides a framework for _____ management. It also identifies the planning systems and technology required to support performance management and _________.

a)       Birdseye, Avoid, Capital, Risk, Budgeting

b)      Strategic, Create, Capital, Risk, Budgeting

c)       Strategic, Avoid, Capital, Risk, Measurement

d)      Forecast, Avoid, Capital, Risk, Measurement

According to a research​ institution, the average hotel price in a certain year was ​$91.85. Assume the population standard deviation is ​$18.00 and that a random sample of 41 hotels was selected. Complete parts a through d below. a. Calculate the standard error of the mean. sigma Subscript x overbarequals​$ nothing ​(Round to two decimal places as​ needed.) b. What is the probability that the sample mean will be less than ​$93​? Upper P left parenthesis x overbar less than $ 93 right parenthesisequals nothing ​(Round to four decimal places as​ needed.) c. What is the probability that the sample mean will be more than ​$96​? Upper P left parenthesis x overbar greater than $ 96 right parenthesisequals nothing ​(Round to four decimal places as​ needed.) d. What is the probability that the sample mean will be between ​$91 and ​$92​? Upper P left parenthesis $ 91 less than or equals x overbar less than or equals $ 92 right parenthesisequals nothing ​(Round to four decimal places as​ needed.) Enter your answer in each of the answer boxes.

the marcus hotel borrows $200000 from the spartan national bank the details are as follows:
a. Term of loan = 5 years
b. amortization rate = based on 10 years
c. frequency of payment = annual
d. interest rate = 6% required
1. prepare a loan amortization table for five years
2. what percentage of the loan was paid off over the five year period?
3. what was the total amount of interest paid?
4. what amount of interest will be paid over the 10 life of the loan?

a. how much be invested today to have 5,000 in five years if the interest rate is 6%?

b. at an effectives interest rate of 9%, what approximate amount will an investor have in 24 years if $5,000 is invested today?

c. Your sister, who is 6 years old today, just received a trust fund that will be worth $25,000 when she turns 21. IF the fund earns annual interest of 10% compounded quarterly, what is it today?

18. Armond is a shareholder of Brix and Mater Hotel Corporation. For the last few years, business has not been profitable for Brix and Mater. The firm has lost money on its operations. There has been some profit through sales of company assets, but the board of directors has refused to declare a dividend. This last year, the firm’s accountants failed to file fed­eral in­come tax returns and the board refused to pay the tax. Armond takes a close look at the firm and protests to the board, in particular over the fail­ure to declare a dividend, but the board ignores the complaint.

a. Which of these events, if any, would form a ground for a court to order the dissolution of Brix and Mater, on Armond’s petition?

b. If the court denies the petition, could Armond and the other shareholders dissolve Brix and Mater?

Work & Rest is an all inclusive hotel operating as a monopoly in a mid-sized community. The manager estimates that the hotel's total costs are described by the equation C = 0.1Q² + 20Q + 5000, where Q is the number or persons serviced and P is the price paid per person. Although it is located in a mid-sized community, it is close to a major highway that runs along the east coast. Often times, travelers would use the services of Work & Rest as a stop in their commute between two major citys. As such, the market demand for its service is described by the equation P = 170 - 0.2Q.

1. Given the current market conditions, Work & Rest's profit-maximizing quantity is  and the price charged per person is  ( 4 points)

Consider that after a series of reports from special interest groups, the local government decides to regulate Work & Rest by using the optimal pricing policy.

2. Given the successful implementation of the government's policy, Work & Rest's profit-maximizing quantity is  (2 points)

3. Given the successful implementation of the government's policy, what is Work & Rest's profit at its profit maximizing quantity?  (4 points)I

4. If the policy remains in place, and there are no further external shocks to the market, is it likely that West & Rest will continue to operate and provide service? (In the space provided enter will or will not)

In the long run, West & Rest  continue to provide service in this mid-sized community

• Assume you are working on budgeting for the room department of your hotel.
• Assume the hotel’s ‘Room Revenue (Sales)’ was $1,640,000 during 2016. Based on the lodging forecast report, you expect the ‘Room Revenue (Sales)’ to increase by 3.7% next year.
• Assume the ‘Guest Supplies’ expenses (variable costs) from the room department was $250,000 during 2016. For 2017, this variable cost will remain at the same percentage of the Room Revenue (Sales) as experienced in 2016.
• Assume the ‘Salaries’ expenses (fixed costs) from the room department was $280,000 during 2016. For 2017, this fixed cost will increase by 2% due to the expected increase in living expenses in this area.

1. What will be the budgeted ‘Room Revenue (Sales)’ for 2017?

2. What will be the budgeted ‘Guest Supplies’ expenses for 2017?

3. What will be the budgeted ‘Salaries’ expenses for 2017?