Mr. and Mrs. T. are naturalized Americans. They were born and raised in Japan and moved to the United States 20 years ago. Mrs. T. is 45 and teaches kindergarten. Mr. T. is 54 and runs an import store. Their son, Ritchie, 16 years old, was born in the United States. He is a sophomore in high school, where he plays baseball.

Mr. T. started having some chest pains 2 years ago and was diagnosed at the clinic with mild angina. He takes nitroglycerin (NTG) 0.3 mg SL when he feels any discomfort. His chest pain is usually exertion related. Lately, he has had to take the NTG more often. He has an appointment with the cardiologist next week.

The paramedics put an oxygen cannula on Mr. T. and start an IV in his left arm. They give him a baby aspirin to chew, contact the local hospital, and prepare Mr. T. for transport. Upon arrival in the ED, Mr. T.’s heart rate is 110 beats/min, and he is diaphoretic.

Mr. T. was quickly triaged in the ED with a preliminary diagnosis of acute inferior wall MI. The hospital is in a rural area, and the weather is severe. Ground transport to the nearest hospital able to do PCI is 2 hours. Therefore, a decision is made to administer thrombolytics. Within 1 hour, Mr. T. was started on reteplase.

One day after the thrombolytic therapy, Mr. T.’s cardiac rhythm suddenly dropped to 40 beats/min, and he became very dizzy and breathless.

One month after Mr. T.’s revascularization, he develops chest pain and visits the cardiologist. He is having T-wave changes in the anterior leads. He is referred to as the tertiary care center for additional testing. He undergoes cardiac catheterization and angiography, and a lesion of the left main coronary artery is found. He is scheduled for a CABG.

Mr. T. had the CABG. It was difficult to get Mr. T. weaned from the cardiopulmonary bypass machine. A decision was made to insert an Intra aortic balloon pump (IABP).

Mr. T. required the IABP for 24 hours, at which time it was weaned and removed. The remainder of his postoperative course was uneventful, and he was discharged home 6 days after surgery.

Answer the following questions:

Who has observed resuscitation efforts?

What observations were made?

What perceptions of care were noted?

Related to the case study in the cardiovascular lecture:

What nursing care was done prior to starting reteplase?

What is the nursing care associated with a patient receiving reteplase?

What complications must be assessed during and after the administration of the medication?

21.Select the phrase that best completes the sentence.

In the 1920's, most of the trading on the New York Stock Exchange

22.Which of the following statements concerning limited liability companies (LLCs) are true?

23.Section 10(b) of the Exchange Act is the statute’s anti-fraud provision. Pursuant to §10(b) of the Exchange Act, the SEC adopted Rule 10b-5. As to Rule 10b-5 which of the following statements are true. Select all that apply.

24. In Banker v. Estate of Banker, the court found that Arnold, who was the only partner to actually operate the partnership's campground business.

25. A partnership can raise capital in which of the following ways?

Spartan markets its products in Canada and England through branches in Toronto and London, respectively. Title transfers in the United States on all sales to U.S. customers and abroad (FOB: destination) on all sales to Canadian and English customers. Spartan reported total gross income on U.S. sales of $27,200,000 and total gross income on Canadian and U.K. sales of $6,800,000, split equally between the two countries. Spartan paid Canadian income taxes of $816,000 on its branch profits in Canada and U.K. income taxes of $952,000 on its branch profits in the U.K. Spartan financed its Canadian operations through a $6 million capital contribution, which Spartan financed through a loan from Bank of America. During the current year, Spartan paid $360,000 in interest on the loan.

Spartan sells its quidgets to Australian customers through its wholly-owned Australian subsidiary. Title passes in the United States (FOB: shipping point) on all sales to the subsidiary. Spartan reported gross income of $2,190,000 on sales to its subsidiary during the year. The subsidiary paid Spartan a dividend of $804,000 on December 31 (the withholding tax is 0 percent under the U.S.- Australia treaty). Spartan was deemed to have paid Australian income taxes of $396,000 on the income repatriated as a dividend. Refer Corporate tax table.

Requirement:

Compute Spartan’s foreign source gross income and foreign tax (direct and withholding) for the current year.

Assume 20 percent of the interest paid to Bank of America is allocated to the numerator of Spartan’s FTC limitation calculation. Compute Spartan Corporation’s FTC limitation using your calculation from question a and any excess FTC or excess FTC limitation (all of the foreign source income is put in the general category FTC basket).

(Enter your answers in dollars not in millions of dollars.)

Complete this question by entering your answers in the tabs below.

Req A

Compute Spartan’s foreign source gross income and foreign tax (direct and withholding) for the current year.

Req B

Assume 20 percent of the interest paid to Bank of America is allocated to the numerator of Spartan’s FTC limitation calculation. Compute Spartan Corporation’s FTC limitation using your calculation from question a and any excess FTC or excess FTC limitation (all of the foreign source income is put in the general category FTC basket). (Do not round intermediate calculations.)

Let x represent the average annual salary of college and university professors (in thousands of dollars) in the United States. For all colleges and universities in the United States, the population variance of x is approximately σ² = 47.1. However, a random sample of 20 colleges and universities in Kansas showed that x has a sample variance s² = 85.4. Use a 5% level of significance to test the claim that the variance for colleges and universities in Kansas is greater than 47.1. Find a 95% confidence interval for the population variance.

(a) What is the level of significance?


State the null and alternate hypotheses.

H_o: σ² = 47.1; H₁: σ² ≠ 47.1

H_o: σ² = 47.1; H₁: σ² > 47.1    

H_o: σ² = 47.1; H₁: σ² < 47.1

H_o: σ² < 47.1; H₁: σ² = 47.1

(b) Find the value of the chi-square statistic for the sample. (Round your answer to two decimal places.)


What are the degrees of freedom?


What assumptions are you making about the original distribution?

We assume a binomial population distribution.

We assume a normal population distribution.    

We assume an exponential population distribution.

We assume a uniform population distribution.

(c) Find or estimate the P-value of the sample test statistic.

P-value > 0.100

0.050 < P-value < 0.100    

0.025 < P-value < 0.050

0.010 < P-value < 0.025

0.005 < P-value < 0.010

P-value < 0.005

(d) Based on your answers in parts (a) to (c), will you reject or fail to reject the null hypothesis?

Since the P-value > α, we fail to reject the null hypothesis.

Since the P-value > α, we reject the null hypothesis.    

Since the P-value ≤ α, we reject the null hypothesis.

Since the P-value ≤ α, we fail to reject the null hypothesis.

(e) Interpret your conclusion in the context of the application.

At the 5% level of significance, there is insufficient evidence to conclude the variance of annual salaries is greater in Kansas.

At the 5% level of significance, there is sufficient evidence to conclude the variance of annual salaries is greater in Kansas.    

(f) Find the requested confidence interval for the population variance. (Round your answers to two decimal places.)

Interpret the results in the context of the application.

We are 95% confident that σ² lies below this interval.

We are 95% confident that σ² lies within this interval.    

We are 95% confident that σ² lies outside this interval.

We are 95% confident that σ² lies above this interval.

As you answer these questions, be sure that you EXPLAIN YOUR ANSWERS IN DETAIL AND SHOW YOUR CALCULATIONS. Remember you are showing off how much you know about economics and one or two sentences shows me you don’t know very much.

Question One: Fiscal Policy Assume the United States economy has the following:

• GDP is $18,500 billion down from $19,350 billion nine months ago.

• Unemployment is at 6.8% up from 4.2% nine months ago.

• Inflation is stable at 2.0%. • MPC=.75 • NRU=4.0%

• Target Inflation is 2.0%

1. Explain in detail the problem the country is facing. Include an analysis of both inflation and unemployment including whether the economy is in a recession or not.

2. What is the size of the GDP gap? Show the calculations.

3. Government could address the problem with either increasing government spending, cutting taxes or both. If the government decided to increase spending to address the problem, by how much should spending be increased? If the government decided to cut taxes to address the problem, by how much should taxes be cut? Show the calculations and provide explanations.

4. Should the government cut taxes or increase spending or some combination of both to address the problem? Detailed Explanations!!

5. What could happen to make the policy you recommended in Question 4 ineffective? On this question, be sure to read the section in your text beginning on page 275. Don’t just make something up. It will take a paragraph or two to answer this question because you need to relate the specific complication to the scenario described in the question.

Question Two: Monetary Policy Assume the United States economy has the following:

• GDP is $15,600 billion up from $13,400 billion four years ago.

• Unemployment is at 4.0% down from 7.7% three years ago.

• Inflation is at 3.7% up from 1.2% four years ago.

• NRU = 4.0%

• Target Inflation is 2.0%

1. Explain in detail the problem the country is facing.

2. Should the Federal Reserve adopt an easy money or tight money policy? Explain!

3. Which policy tool should the Federal Reserve use to carry out the policy you recommended in Question 2? Detailed explanation as to why the choice is correct and how the tool works to address the problem.

4. What could happen to make the policy you recommended in Question 2 ineffective? On this question, be sure to read the section in your text beginning on page 343. Don’t just make something up. It will take a paragraph or two to answer this question because you need to relate the specific complication to the scenario described in the question.

Read and complete the Capstone exercise on page 177 and answer all of the questions associated with the case.

In 1885, Binney & Smith had a product line of ONE—An-DuSeptic dustless chalk. While promoting this product to teachers across the United States, the company founders discovered that teachers were importing expensive wax crayons from Europe. In the early 1900s, nearly 20 years after starting the company, Binney & Smith introduced a new product, eight colored crayons packaged in a green and yellow box. Crayola Crayons remain a staple in American classrooms today. The size of the boxes and the selection of colors have changed over the decades, but the basic product remains essentially the same. (The “Big Box” with a mind-boggling 96 crayons was introduced in 1993.) In 1964, Binney & Smith acquired Permanent Pigments, an acrylic paint manufacturer, and in 1977, it acquired the rights to Silly Putty. In 1984, the Binney & Smith company became a wholly owned subsidiary of Hallmark Cards, Inc. In 2007, the Binney & Smith corporate name was changed to Crayola because of the brand familiarity. The name Crayola has a 99% recognition among U.S. consumers. Eighty percent of all the crayons sold in the United States today have the Crayola brand name. Crayola products are sold in 80 different countries and packaged in 12 languages. The name change also reflected the company’s new direction. For nearly 100 years, Crayola targeted children and their parents with a product line of back-to-school products. The products had expanded from crayons to water paints, markers, chalk, colored pencils, and poster paints. However, in an effort to expand the market and generate revenues throughout the year, Crayola entered the toy industry. Bath tub art, glow stations, Color Explosion products, Mess-Free Art, flavored drinking water, and even a colorful computer keyboard and mouse are just some of the products added to the Crayola line. Today in any big box store, Crayola will have shelf space in both the art and school supply aisle AND the toy section.

1. How would you define the attributes and benefits of Crayola products?

2. Define the core, actual, and augmented product benefits.

3. Where was Crayola in the product life cycle before it entered the toy market? Where do you think they are now? Explain.

4. Do you see the move from school supply products to toys as product development? Explain.

5. Describe the Crayola product portfolio strategy.

Let x represent the average annual salary of college and university professors (in thousands of dollars) in the United States. For all colleges and universities in the United States, the population variance of x is approximately σ² = 47.1. However, a random sample of 15 colleges and universities in Kansas showed that x has a sample variance s² = 85.4. Use a 5% level of significance to test the claim that the variance for colleges and universities in Kansas is greater than 47.1. Find a 95% confidence interval for the population variance.

(a) What is the level of significance?


State the null and alternate hypotheses.

H_o: σ² = 47.1; H₁: σ² < 47.1 H_o: σ² < 47.1; H₁: σ² = 47.1     H_o: σ² = 47.1; H₁: σ² ≠ 47.1 H_o: σ² = 47.1; H₁: σ² > 47.1

(b) Find the value of the chi-square statistic for the sample. (Round your answer to two decimal places.)


What are the degrees of freedom?


What assumptions are you making about the original distribution?

We assume a exponential population distribution. We assume a binomial population distribution.     We assume a normal population distribution. We assume a uniform population distribution.

(c) Find or estimate the P-value of the sample test statistic.

P-value > 0.100 0.050 < P-value < 0.100     0.025 < P-value < 0.050 0.010 < P-value < 0.025 0.005 < P-value < 0.010 P-value < 0.005

(d) Based on your answers in parts (a) to (c), will you reject or fail to reject the null hypothesis?

Since the P-value > α, we fail to reject the null hypothesis. Since the P-value > α, we reject the null hypothesis.     Since the P-value ≤ α, we reject the null hypothesis. Since the P-value ≤ α, we fail to reject the null hypothesis.

(e) Interpret your conclusion in the context of the application.

At the 5% level of significance, there is insufficient evidence to conclude the variance of annual salaries is greater in Kansas. At the 5% level of significance, there is sufficient evidence to conclude the variance of annual salaries is greater in Kansas.    

(f) Find the requested confidence interval for the population variance. (Round your answers to two decimal places.)

Interpret the results in the context of the application.

We are 95% confident that σ² lies within this interval. We are 95% confident that σ² lies above this interval.     We are 95% confident that σ² lies outside this interval. We are 95% confident that σ² lies below this interval.

QUESTION B3

The figure below depicts aggregate demand and aggregate supply in the nation of Pacifica in 2018.

At the beginning of 2019, a wave of business optimism led producers to sharply increase their planned investment expenditure.

1. What effect, if any, will this increased investment expenditure have in the short-run on the Aggregate Demand curve? The Short-Run Aggregate Supply curve? [TYPE YOUR ANSWER BELOW]

2. After the increased investment expenditure, will short-run equilibrium real GDP be above or below potential GDP? How do you know? [TYPE YOUR ANSWER BELOW]

3. After the increased investment expenditure, if the government takes no action how will Pacifica’s economy adjust over time to move towards its long-run equilibrium? (Note: for full credit you must explain not only what happens to move the economy to long-run equilibrium, but also why it happens.) [TYPE YOUR ANSWER BELOW]

The president of Pacifica is concerned about the effect of this new investment expenditure on the economy, and she wishes to use monetary policy to move equilibrium GDP back toward potential GDP. (For the remainder of the question, assume that the Pacifica Central Bank is Pacifica’s version of the United States Federal Reserve and that Pacifica’s banking and financial systems work exactly like the United States’ banking and financial systems.)

4. Which one of the following policies would help the president achieve her aim? [TYPE YOUR ANSWER BELOW]

1. Direct the Pacifica Central Bank to sell Pacifica Treasury Bills
2. Direct the Pacifica Central Bank to purchase Pacifica Treasury Bills

The figure below represents the money market in Pacifica just after the increase in investment expenditure but before the government undertakes the monetary policy you chose in part (d).

5. Explain why the Money Demand curve has a negative slope. (Note: you must say more than that money demand increases as the interest rate decreases, and vice versa. You must explain why this is the case.) [TYPE YOUR ANSWER BELOW]

6. What effect (if any) will the monetary policy you chose in part (d) have (in the short-run) on the Money Supply curve? The Money Demand curve? The equilibrium interest rate? [TYPE YOUR ANSWER BELOW]

7. What impact (if any) will this monetary policy have (in the short-run) on Aggregate Expenditure? (If it does have an effect on Aggregate Expenditure, explain which component or components of Aggregate Expenditure will be most affected.) [TYPE YOUR ANSWER BELOW]

8. What impact (if any) will this monetary policy have on short-run equilibrium real GDP and the short-run equilibrium Aggregate Price Level? [TYPE YOUR ANSWER BELOW]

1. A marketing research team at Optimum Nutrition is interested in knowing the proportion of Americans who exercise at least three times a week. They send out a survey asking "Do you exercise more than 3 times a week?" to over 5,000 random Americans.

Given the following scenario, is this problem a One Mean, One Proportion, Two Independent Means, or Paired Means?

Group of answer choices

a. One Mean

b. Two Independent Means

c. Paired Means

d. One Proportion

2. On average, how much is the difference in calories burned between regular and standing desks? The amount of calories that 8 employees burned was recorded by using a regular desk for a day, and then with using a standing desk. The data is recorded in the table below. Compute a 95% confidence interval for the population mean difference. (dif = standing - regular)

Group of answer choices

a. (-6.91, 10.66)

b. (-10.66, -6.91)

c. (-10.66, 6.91)

d. (6.91, 10.66)

3. A movie theater wanted to see if they could increase attendance by offering a free digital copy of a movie with ticket purchase. They randomly picked 10 different theaters to test the new program at and tested each of these theaters on two random days, once with the program and once without. The resulting attendance that was recorded is shown in the table below. Find dbar and s_d using (with-without).

Group of answer choices

a. dbar= 1.9 sd= 6.08

b. dbar= -1.9 sd= -1.14

c. dbar= 1.9 sd= -1.14

d. dbar= -1.9 sd= -6.08

Can you please analyze this article and express your opinion

Stop Saying This Is a Nation of Immigrants!

by Roxanne Dunbar-Ortiz

A nation of immigrants: This is a convenient myth developed as a response to the 1960s movements against colonialism, neocolonialism, and white supremacy. The ruling class and its brain trust offered multiculturalism, diversity, and affirmative action in response to demands for decolonization, justice, reparations, social equality, an end of imperialism, and the rewriting of history — not to be “inclusive” — but to be accurate. What emerged to replace the liberal melting pot idea and the nationalist triumphal interpretation of the “greatest country on earth and in history,” was the “nation of immigrants” story.

By the 1980s, the “waves of immigrants” story even included the indigenous peoples who were so brutally displaced and murdered by settlers and armies, accepting the flawed “Bering Straits” theory of indigenous immigration some 12,000 years ago. Even at that time, the date was known to be wrong, there was evidence of indigenous presence in the Americas as far back as 50,000 years ago, and probably much longer, and entrance by any means across the Pacific and the Atlantic — perhaps, as Vine Deloria Jr. put it, footsteps by indigenous Americans to other continents will one day be acknowledged. But, the new official history texts claimed, the indigenous peoples were the “first immigrants.” They were followed, it was said, by immigrants from England and Africans, then by Irish, and then by Chinese, Eastern and Southern Europeans, Russians, Japanese, and Mexicans. There were some objections from African Americans to referring to enslaved Africans hauled across the ocean in chains as “immigrants,” but that has not deterred the “nation of immigrants” chorus.

Misrepresenting the process of European colonization of North America, making everyone an immigrant, serves to preserve the “official story” of a mostly benign and the benevolent USA, and to mask the fact that the pre-US independence settlers, were, well, settlers, colonial setters, just as they were in Africa and India, or the Spanish in Central and South America. The United States was founded as a settler state, and an imperialistic one from its inception (“manifest destiny,” of course). The settlers were English, Welsh, Scots, Scots-Irish, and German, not including the huge number of Africans who were not settlers. Another group of Europeans who arrived in the colonies also were not settlers or immigrants: the poor, indentured, convicted, criminalized, kidnapped from the working class (vagabonds and unemployed artificers), as Peter Linebaugh puts it, many of who opted to join indigenous communities.

Only beginning in the 1840s, with the influx of millions of Irish Catholics pushed out of Ireland by British policies, did what might be called “immigration” begin. The Irish were discriminated against cheap labor, not settlers. They were followed by the influx of other workers from Scandinavia, Eastern, and Southern Europe, always more Irish, plus Chinese and Japanese, although Asian immigration was soon barred.   Immigration laws were not even enacted until 1875 when the US Supreme Court declared the regulation of immigration a federal responsibility. The Immigration Service was established in 1891.

Buried beneath the tons of propaganda — from the landing of the English “pilgrims” (fanatic Protestant Christian evangelicals) to James Fennimore Cooper’s phenomenally popular “Last of the Mohicans” claiming “natural rights” to not only the indigenous peoples territories but also to the territories claimed by other European powers — is the fact that the founding of the United States was a division of the Anglo empire, with the US becoming a parallel empire to Great Britain. From day one, as was specified in the Northwest Ordinance that preceded the US Constitution, the new republic for empire (as Jefferson called the US) envisioned the future shape of what is now the lower 48 states of the US. They drew up rough maps, specifying the first territory to conquer as the “Northwest Territory,” ergo the title of the ordinance. That territory was the Ohio Valley and the Great Lakes region, which was filled with indigenous farming communities.

Once the conquest of the “Northwest Territory” was accomplished through a combination of genocidal military campaigns and bringing in European settlers from the east, and the indigenous peoples moved south and north for protection into other indigenous territories, the republic for empire annexed Spanish Florida where runaway enslaved Africans and remnants of the indigenous communities that had escaped the Ohio carnage fought back during three major wars (Seminole wars) over two decades. In 1828, President Andrew Jackson (who had been a general leading the Seminole wars) pushed through the Indian Removal Act to force all the agricultural indigenous nations of the Southeast, from Georgia to the Mississippi River, to transfer to Oklahoma territory that had been gained through the “Louisiana Purchase” from France. Anglo settlers with enslaved Africans seized the indigenous agricultural lands for plantation agriculture in the Southern region. Many moved on into the Mexican province of Texas — then came the US military invasion of Mexico in 1846, seizing Mexico City and forcing Mexico to give up its northern half through the 1848 Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo. California, Arizona, New Mexico, Colorado, Utah, Texas were then opened to “legal” Anglo settlement, also legalizing those who had already settled illegally, and in Texas by force. The indigenous and the poor Mexican communities in the seized territory, such as the Apache, Navajo, and Comanche, resisted colonization, as they had resisted the Spanish empire, often by force of arms, for the next 40 years. The small class of Hispanic elites welcomed and collaborated with US occupation.

Are “immigrants” the appropriate designation for the indigenous peoples of North America? No.

Are “immigrants” the appropriate designation for enslaved Africans? No.

Are “immigrants” the appropriate designation for the original European settlers? No.

Are “immigrants” the appropriate designation for Mexicans who migrate for work to the United States? No.

They are migrant workers crossing a border created by US military force. Many crossing that borders now are also from Central America, from the small countries that were ravaged by US military intervention in the 1980s and who also have the right to make demands on the United States.

So, let’s stop saying “this is a nation of immigrants.”