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Use Python 3.8: Problem Description Many recipes tend to be rather small, producing the fewest number...

Use Python 3.8:

Problem Description

Many recipes tend to be rather small, producing the fewest number of servings that are really possible with the included ingredients. Sometimes one will want to be able to scale those recipes upwards for serving larger groups.

This program's task is to determine how much of each ingredient in a recipe will be required for a target party size. The first inputs to the program will be the recipe itself.

Here is an example recipe that comes from the story "Chitty Chitty Bang Bang", written by Ian Fleming, who is much better known for introducing the world to James Bond:

This is a recipe scaler for serving large crowds!

Enter one ingredient per line, with a numeric value first.
Indicate the end of input with an empty line.
4 tbsp cocoa
1/4 pound butter
2 tsp corn syrup
1 can evaporated milk
1 tsp water

Here is the recipe that has been recorded
 4    tbsp     cocoa
 1/4  pound    butter
 2    tsp      corn syrup
 1    can      evaporated milk
 1    tsp      water

How many does this recipe serve? 16
How many people must be served? 25
Multiplying the recipe by 2

 8    tbsp     cocoa
 2/4  pound    butter
 4    tsp      corn syrup
 2    can      evaporated milk
 2    tsp      water

Serves 32

NOTE: The recipe rounds upwards, since it is usually not practical to obtain fractional cans or fractional eggs, etc.

Your program must obtain a complete recipe (not necessarily this one), echo it with good formatting, and then scale it up as shown above.

Program Hints:

Attractive user-friendly output is rather straightforward, with the help of Python's string formatting features. User-friendly input is a little trickier, but the split function from Unit 2 can be very helpful:

First hint:

The name of an ingredient might be more than one word. This will place all of the extra words into a single string variable 'item':

quant, unit, item = line.split(' ',2)      # pull off at most 2 words from the front

Second hint:

Sometimes the measure will be fractional. We can recognize that if the number contains a slash.

if '/' in quant: 
    numer, denom = quant.split('/')        # get the parts of the fraction

The rest is left up to the student -- since this is a string operation and this fraction represents a number.

Second Part:

No doubt the output seems to be a little strange to ask for 2/4 pounds of butter. One might think it would be better to ask for 1/2.

Modify the program so that all fractions are reduced to their lowest terms. There is a function in the Python math module named gcd that can help with this. (You can email course personnel if you need help accessing the math features.)

Also, express all improper fractions (where the numerator exceeds the denominator) as mixed fractions. Scaling this recipe by a factor of 10 would ask for 2 1/2 pounds of butter.

And of course, the resulting output should still be easy to read.

Other Guidelines:

Clarity of code is still important here -- and clear code is less likely to have bugs.

In particular, there should be very good and clear decisions in the code.

And there will be a penalty for usage of break or continue statements.

Planning out the design of the solution before diving into code will help!

The simplest solutions would use a list, but without any indexing on that list
(or use of range() to get those indexes). Let Python help you fill and traverse the recipe.

Storing the entire recipe in a single list before splitting things up often produces much simpler programs than trying to store everything into multiple separate lists!

IMPORTANT NOTE: As above, the recipe is provided as input to the program -- it is not part of the program itself. The program may not assume it knows what the ingredients are, or how many there are, or which ingredients have fractions and which ones do not. It must work for any number of valid input lines.

TASKS:

Recipe Data Structure: Effectively uses list (either parallel lists or lists of structures)

Input Recipe: Clearly reads input until blank line encountered

Serving Inputs: Correctly inputs two values: how many recipe serves, and how many will be served

Computing the Scale: math.ciel; if/else to round up; or anything else equivalent

Parsing the ingredients: Correctly parses ingredients (using given 'tricks') May be done at any point in the program

Scaling the recipe: Multiplies whole numbers and numerators by chosen scaling factor

Reduced fraction: Reduces using gcd; denominator 1 reported as whole numbers

Output presentation: Uses string formatting to present output recipe

Compilation: Program runs fully without change (with valid inputs of 3+ words separated with single spaces)

Correctness: Program behaves as expected (accounting for known errors above)

Program can handle "1 egg" as an ingredient (with only once space)

Only Python 3.8 will be allowed.

In: Computer Science

C++ 1. Modify the code from your HW2 as follows: Your triangle functions will now return...

C++
1. Modify the code from your HW2 as follows:
 Your triangle functions will now return a string object. This string will contain the identification of the triangle as one of the following (with a potential prefix of the word “Right ”):
Not a triangle
 Scalene triangle
 Isosceles triangle
 Equilateral triangle

 2. All output to cout will be moved from the triangle functions to the main function.
 3. The triangle functions are still responsible for rearranging the values such that c is at least as large as the other two sides. 
4. Please run your program with all of your test cases from HW2. The results should be identical to that from HW2. You must supply a listing of your program and sample output





CODE right now 
#include <cstdlib>  //for exit, atoi, atof
#include <iostream> //for cout and cerr
#include <iomanip>  //for i/o manipulation
#include <cstring>  //for strcmp
#include <cmath>    //for fabs

using namespace std;

//triangle function
void triangle(int a, int b, int c)
{
  if (a + b <= c || a + c <= b || b + c <= a) //conditions for an invalid triangle
    cout << a << " " << b << " " << c << " "
         << "Not a triangle";
  else //if above returned false, then it is a valid triangle
  {
    int temp;

    cout << a << " " << b << " " << c << " "; //print the side values

    //logic to find out the largest value and store it to c.
    if (a > b && a > c)
    {
      temp = a;
      a = c;
      c = temp;
    }
    else if (b > a && b > c)
    {
      temp = b;
      b = c;
      c = temp;
    }

    if (a == b && b == c) //condition for equilateral triangle
    {
      cout << "Equilateral triangle";
      return;
    }

    else if (a * a == b * b + c * c ||
             b * b == c * c + a * a ||
             c * c == a * a + b * b) //condition for right triangle i.e. pythagoras theorem
      cout << "Right ";

    if (a == b || b == c || a == c) //condition for Isosceles triangle
      cout << "Isosceles triangle";
    else //if both the above ifs failed, then it is a scalene triangle
      cout << "Scalene triangle";
  }
}

//overloaded triangle function
void triangle(double a, double b, double c)
{
  //equality threshold value for absolute difference procedure
  const double EPSILON = 0.001;

  if (a + b <= c || a + c <= b || b + c <= a) //conditions for an invalid triangle
    cout << fixed << setprecision(5)
         << a << " " << b << " " << c << " "
         << "Not a triangle";
  else //if above returned false, then it is a valid triangle
  {
    double temp;

    cout << fixed << setprecision(5)
         << a << " " << b << " " << c << " "; //print the side values

    //logic to find out the largest value and store it to c.
    if (a > b && a > c)
    {
      temp = a;
      a = c;
      c = temp;
    }
    else if (b > a && b > c)
    {
      temp = b;
      b = c;
      c = temp;
    }

    if (fabs(a - b) < EPSILON &&
        fabs(b - c) < EPSILON) //condition for equilateral triangle
    {
      cout << "Equilateral triangle";
      return;
    }

    else if (fabs((a * a) - (b * b + c * c)) < EPSILON ||
             fabs((b * b) - (c * c + a * a)) < EPSILON ||
             fabs((c * c) - (a * a + b * b)) < EPSILON) //condition for right triangle i.e. pythagoras theorem
      cout << "Right ";

    if (fabs(a - b) < EPSILON ||
        fabs(b - c) < EPSILON ||
        fabs(a - c) < EPSILON) //condition for Isosceles triangle
      cout << "Isosceles triangle";
    else //if both the above ifs failed, then it is a scalene triangle
      cout << "Scalene triangle";
  }
}

//main function
int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
  if (argc == 3 || argc > 5) //check argc for argument count
  {
    cerr << "Incorrect number of arguments. " << endl;
    exit(1);
  }

  else if (argc == 1) //if no command arguments found then do the following
  {
    int a, b, c;        //declare three int
    cin >> a >> b >> c; //read the values

    if (a <= 0 || b <= 0 || c <= 0) //if values are negative then exit
    {
      cerr << "Data must be a positive integer. " << endl;
      exit(1);
    }
    triangle(a, b, c); //call the function if inputs are valid
  }

  else //if command arguments were found and valid
  {
    if (strcmp(argv[1], "-i") == 0)
    {
      int a, b, c, temp; //declare required variables

      if (argc == 5)
      {
        //convert char to int using atoi()
        a = atoi(argv[2]);
        b = atoi(argv[3]);
        c = atoi(argv[4]);
      }
      else
      {
        cin >> a >> b >> c; // read the values
      }

      if (a <= 0 || b <= 0 || c <= 0) //if values are negative then exit
      {
        cerr << "Data must be a positive integer. " << endl;
        exit(1);
      }

      //call the function
      triangle(a, b, c);
    }

    else if (strcmp(argv[1], "-d") == 0)
    {
      double a, b, c, temp; //declare required variables

      if (argc == 5)
      {
        //convert char to int using atoi()
        a = atof(argv[2]);
        b = atof(argv[3]);
        c = atof(argv[4]);
      }
      else
      {
        cin >> a >> b >> c; // read the values
      }

      if (a <= 0 || b <= 0 || c <= 0) //if values are negative then exit
      {
        cerr << "Data must be a positive double. " << endl;
        exit(1);
      }

      //call the overloaded function
      triangle(a, b, c);
    }
  }

  cout << endl;

  return 0;
}