If the Department of Defense (DoD) implemented the plans described in its 2019 Future Years Defense Program, its base budget (which funds normal peacetime activities) would climb from the $617 billion requested for 2019 to $735 billion (in 2019 dollars) in 2033, CBO estimates. Most of that increase would result from increased costs for military personnel and operation and maintenance. Base-budget costs would substantially exceed the share of funding that DoD has previously received under the Budget Control Act’s funding caps in both 2020 and 2021, the final years subject to those caps. Estimated costs based on historical trends instead of some of DoD’s estimates would be about 5 percent higher over the 2019–2033 period."

And Congressional Budget Office which the article above discusses the Fiscal Policy module. Explain the spending and budget of government on different departments such as:

Agriculture, Budget, CBO Operations, Climate and Environment, Defense and National Security and so on

Summarize in 200 words

Orville Company’s standard and actual costs per unit are provided below for the most recent period. During this time period 1200 units were actually produced.

For simplicity, assume there was no inventory of materials at the beginning or end of the period.

Required:

Given the information above, compute the following variances. Also indicate if the variances are favorable or unfavorable.

1. Materials price variance

2. Materials quantity variance

3. Direct labour rate variance   

4. Direct labour efficiency variance   

5. Variable overhead efficiency variance   

                     6.        Variable overhead spending variance  

• Define various capital investment rules and discuss any potential shortcomings and some of the difficulties related to each. Which one would be the easiest to implement in actual situations? The most difficult?
• Are the capital budgeting criteria appropriate for for-profit corporations are also applicable to non-for profit corporations? How should such entities make capital budgeting decisions? What about the US government? Should it evaluate spending proposals using these techniques?
• A financial manager at Amazon is quoted as saying, "At Amazon, we use a stand-alone principle. Since we treat projects like minifirms in our evaluation process, we include financing costs because they are relevant at the firm level." Critically evaluate this principle.
• What is forecasting risk? In general, would the degree of forecasting risk be greater for a new product or a cost-cutting proposal? Why?
• Why does traditional NPV analysis tend to underestimate the true value of a capital budgeting project?
• How important are statistics and computers simulations for determining the risk of a project?

Psychologists question the importance of biodiversity on the psychological health of humans in urban areas. Urban residents often visit green spaces such as parks within urban environments. Fuller et al., conducted a study on 15 different green spaces to determine the impacts of green space on people's psychological health.

To assess how much people liked the green space, scientists had participants fill out a survey to determine their attachment to the green space. Scientists then then quantified the biodiversity of birds, plants, and butterflies at the different green spaces.

Here is a link to a dataset relating biodiversity to residents' attachment to a location.

Which biodiversity measurement (butterfly species; bird species; plant species) variable is most strongly correlated with residents' "attachment"?  

Calculate the correlation coefficients using the =correl() function in Excel.

What is the standard error of that correlation?  

Calculate your answer using Excel and report your answer to four decimal places.

Which species exhibited the weakest correlation?  

What is the correlation coefficient of the weakest relationship?  

Calculate your answer using Excel and report your answer to four decimal places.

What is the value of t for the correlation of bird species?

Report your answer to four decimal places

What is the p value associated with the t value calculated in Question 5? Use the excel formula =2*(1-(T.Dist(ABS(t,df,TRUE))))

This is a two-tailed t-test

degrees of freedom (df) = n - 2

We are using a cumulative probability function so we type TRUE

Report your answer to 4 decimal places

Based on this p value, should the authors reject or fail to reject the null hypothesis that bird species abundance is not correlated to attachment?

DATA SET

Suppose a country bans trade with other countries, so net exports are always zero. How would this affect the slope of the AE curve?

Question 5 options:

Question 6 (0.05 points)

Which of the following statements about aggregate expenditure is/are true?

Question 6 options:

Question 7 (0.05 points)

If consumer confidence fell, shifting the AE curve to the ________, it is likely the Fed would ________.

Question 7 options:

Question 8 (0.05 points)

Aggregate expenditure:

Question 8 options:

The condensed income statement for the Blossom and Paul partnership for 2020 is as follows.

A cost behavior analysis indicates that 75% of the cost of goods sold are variable, 42% of the selling expenses are variable, and 40% of the administrative expenses are variable.

1) Compute the break-even point in total sales dollars for 2020.

2) Blossom has proposed a plan to get the partnership “out of the red” and improve its profitability. She feels that the quality of the product could be substantially improved by spending $0.30 more per unit on better raw materials. The selling price per unit could be increased to only $5.25 because of competitive pressures. Blossom estimates that sales volume will increase by 25%. Compute the net income under Blossom's proposal and the break-even point in dollars

3) Paul was a marketing major in college. He believes that sales volume can be increased only by intensive advertising and promotional campaigns. He therefore proposed the following plan as an alternative to Blossom’s: (1) increase variable selling expenses to $0.59 per unit, (2) lower the selling price per unit by $0.23, and (3) increase fixed selling expenses by $40,000. Paul quoted an old marketing research report that said that sales volume would increase by 60% if these changes were made. Compute the net income under Paul’s proposal and the break-even point in dollars.