The Biol 2130 students and employees of a public-school system developed diarrheal illness on April 2. The cafeteria served chicken that day. On April 1, part of the chicken was placed in water-filled pans and cooked in an oven for 2 hrs. at a temp of 177oC. The oven was turned off and the chicken was left overnight in the warm oven. Symptoms of the disease included nausea, vomiting, cramping and a fever. All the patients recovered within 24 hrs. Two “serotypes”of a Gram positive, oxidase negative, coagulase positive, cocci were isolated from 32 patients.

a. What was the probable “etiological” agent (pathogen)?

b. What is the most likely source of his infection, and how would you verify this?

c. Explain the difference in an “intoxication” and an infection.

d. Determine if the illness was due to an intoxication or an infection and give the information you based your answer on.

e. What was the probable treatment protocol for this illness? (how were they treated)

f. Explain how this outbreak could have been prevented.

Examine and summarize the case of Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District. In your paper explain the background of the case, the progression of the case to the Supreme Court, the Supreme Court’s decision and justification for the ruling as it relates to State control over schools. Compare and contrast the decisions of the various courts and how the case progressed. What might be a similar situation today? Why is this considered such an important case? Your paper should be 3-5 pages in length. Use the items listed in these instructions as subheadings.

Part 1:

Reba Dixon is a fifth-grade school teacher who earned a salary of $38,000 in 2017. She is 45 years old and has been divorced for four years. Reba rents out a small apartment building in Colorado Springs, Colorado. In 2017, Reba received $30,000 of rental payments from tenants and she incurred $19,500 of expenses associated with the rental. They had been living in Colorado for the past 15 years, but ever since her divorce, Reba has been wanting to move back to Georgia to be closer to her family. Luckily, in November 2016, a teaching position opened up and Reba and Heather decided to make the move.

Reba and her daughter Heather (20 years old at the end of 2017) moved to Georgia in December 2016 and purchased a home for $80,000. In 2017, Reba paid $2,000 for home mortgage interest and $1,500 in real estate taxes on this same home.

Heather decided to continue living at home with her mom, and she started attending school full-time in January 2017 at a nearby university. She was awarded a $3,000 taxabll tuition scholarship this year, and Reba helped out by paying the remaining $500 tuition and $700 textbook cost. If possible, Reba thought it would be best to claim the education credit for these expenses.

Reba wasn’t sure if she would have enough items to help her benefit from itemizing on her tax return. However, she kept track of several expenses this year that she thought might qualify if she was able to itemize. Reba paid $2,800 in state income taxes via withholding from her paycheck and $6,500 in cash charitable contributions during 2017. She also paid the following medical-related expenses for her and Heather:

Insurance premiums

$

$4,795

Medical care expenses

$1,100

Prescription medicine

$350

Nonprescription medicine

$100

New contact lenses for Heather

$200

A few years ago, Reba acquired several investments with her portion of the divorce settlement. In 2017, she reported the following income from her investments: $2,200 of interest income from ABC, Inc. corporate bonds and $1,500 interest income from City of Denver municipal bonds. Overall, Reba’s stock portfolio appreciated by $12,000.

Heather reported $3,200 of interest income in 2017 from corporate bonds she received as gifts from her father over the last several years. This was Heather’s only source of income for the year. Reba provides more than one-half of Heather’s support.

Reba had $10,000 of federal income taxes withheld by her employer in 2017. Reba did not make any estimated payments. Reba had qualifying insurance for purposes of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) (She is not subject to a “lack of health care insurance” penalty).

Part 2: In addition to the information in Part 1, now also assume the following for 2017:

The $19,500 of expenses associated with Reba renting out a small apartment building is comprised of the following items: $5,500 depreciation, $6,500 property taxes, $3,000 insurance, $1,000 repairs, and $3,500 utilities. Reba will report this information and the $30,000 of rental payments received from tenants on Schedule E.

Reba is a also a part-time chef who has developed a new way to prepare great tasting, low-carbohydrate meals using fresh ingredients. She teaches cooking classes during the summer months when she is not teaching and reports this activity as a sole proprietorship on Schedule C using a principal business code of 611000 in Box B. Activity for the year included: gross receipts = $15,670, food supplies = $3,850, legal expenses = $900, office expense = $410, advertising = $800, and the purchase of a portable convection oven on June 15 used 100% for business purposes = $1,300 (claim the largest depreciation deduction possible). Reba uses the cash basis of accounting for tax purposes. In addition, Reba occasionally uses her personal car for business. Assume that Reba maintains a mileage log showing that she drove her car a total of 10,000 miles during the year including 900 miles for business purposes. Reba does not maintain a home office.

Reba had two stock transactions during the year: 1) Sold 5,000 shares of LMN Corp. common stock for $110,000 on May 5. The shares were originally purchased for $60 each on August 7, 2013. Reba decided to sell the LMN stock before the market price dropped any lower. 2) Sold 900 shares of Home Depot, Inc. common stock for $150 per share on April 21, 2017. The shares were inherited from Reba’s Aunt on March 21, 1997. We will discuss in class how to determine the basis of these shares.

Reba borrowed $25,000 from a broker to purchase investment assets including stocks and bonds. During the year, she paid the broker $1,750 of interest related to this loan.

complete the spreadsheet belwo

income

salary

taxable interest

non taxable interest

business income schedule c

capital gain or loss

rental real estate

total income

less adjustments for agi

deductible part of self employment tax

adjusted gross income

itemized deductions

medical and dental

taxes

interest

gift to charity

total itemized deductions

less itemized deduction or standard deduction

less exemptions

taxable income

tax less credits

education credit

plus other taxes

self employment tax

less payments

federal income tax witheld

refund / tax due

Bob is a recent law school graduate who intends to take the state bar exam. According to the National Conference on Bar Examiners, about 55% of all people who take the state bar exam pass. Let n = 1, 2, 3, ... represent the number of times a person takes the bar exam until the first pass.

(a) Write out a formula for the probability distribution of the random variable n. (Use p and n in your answer.)
P(n) =

(b) What is the probability that Bob first passes the bar exam on the second try (n = 2)? (Use 3 decimal places.)


(c) What is the probability that Bob needs three attempts to pass the bar exam? (Use 3 decimal places.)


(d) What is the probability that Bob needs more than three attempts to pass the bar exam? (Use 3 decimal places.)


(e) What is the expected number of attempts at the state bar exam Bob must make for his (first) pass? Hint: Use μ for the geometric distribution and round.

Project: Random variables are all around us, from the time we require to commute to school, to the percentage of lecture material we remember for the exam, we can describe much of the world around us using probability. Project Statement: Find a random variable in your day-to-day life, call it X(ω), and do the following:

• Describe X as either quantitative, qualitative, discrete, continuous, etc.

• Give the support of X (i.e. its possible range of values)

• Speculate on its distribution. Is it normal, geometric, exponential, etc. Give specific reasons and justification for this speculation!

• Sample this random variable at least 5 times. • Use this sample to estimate its parameters.

• Give the newly parameterized distribution explicitly.

2. Suppose a randomly chosen group of 150 high school juniors and seniors who took the SAT twice over a period of six months showed an average improvement on the second SAT of 25 points. The standard deviation of the difference in the scores between the first and second SAT was 20 points.

a. What is the appropriate design for this situation?

b. Set up an appropriate hypotheses to test the claim that the score on the second SAT is, on average at least 20 points higher than on the first SAT.

c. Test the hypotheses stated in part b. What distribution should be used? What assumptions, if any, should be checked? Explain. Make a decision and give a conclusion.

Reba Dixon is a fifth-grade school teacher who earned a salary of $38,500 in 2018. She is 45 years old and has been divorced for four years. She receives $1,280 of alimony payments each month from her former husband (divorced in 2016). Reba also rents out a small apartment building. This year Reba received $50,300 of rental payments from tenants and she incurred $19,617 of expenses associated with the rental.

Reba and her daughter Heather (20 years old at the end of the year) moved to Georgia in January of this year. Reba provides more than one-half of Heather’s support. They had been living in Colorado for the past 15 years, but ever since her divorce, Reba has been wanting to move back to Georgia to be closer to her family. Luckily, last December, a teaching position opened up and Reba and Heather decided to make the move. Reba paid a moving company $2,170 to move their personal belongings, and she and Heather spent two days driving the 1,458 miles to Georgia.

Reba rented a home in Georgia. Heather decided to continue living at home with her mom, but she started attending school full-time in January at a nearby university. She was awarded a $3,160 partial tuition scholarship this year, and Reba helped out by paying the remaining $500 tuition cost. If possible, Reba thought it would be best to claim the education credit for these expenses.

Reba wasn't sure if she would have enough items to help her benefit from itemizing on her tax return. However, she kept track of several expenses this year that she thought might qualify if she was able to itemize. Reba paid $5,960 in state income taxes and $12,660 in charitable contributions during the year. She also paid the following medical-related expenses for herself and Heather:

Shortly after the move, Reba got distracted while driving and she ran into a street sign. The accident caused $1,060 in damage to the car and gave her whiplash. Because the repairs were less than her insurance deductible, she paid the entire cost of the repairs. Reba wasn’t able to work for two months after the accident. Fortunately, she received $2,160 from her disability insurance. Her employer, the Central Georgia School District, paid 60% of the premiums on the policy as a nontaxable fringe benefit and Reba paid the remaining 40% portion.

A few years ago, Reba acquired several investments with her portion of the divorce settlement. This year she reported the following income from her investments: $2,360 of interest income from corporate bonds and $1,660 interest income from the City of Denver municipal bonds. Overall, Reba’s stock portfolio appreciated by $12,160 but she did not sell any of her stocks.

Heather reported $6,520 of interest income from corporate bonds she received as gifts from her father over the last several years. This was Heather’s only source of income for the year.

Reba had $10,000 of federal income taxes withheld by her employer. Heather made $1,000 of estimated tax payments during the year. Reba did not make any estimated payments. Reba had qualifying insurance for purposes of the Affordable Care Act (ACA).

a. Determine Reba’s federal income tax refund or taxes payable for the current year. Use Tax Rate Schedule for reference. (Round your intermediate computations and final answers to the nearest whole dollar amount. Leave no answer blank. Enter zero if applicable.)

Gross Income:

Salary

Alimony received

Rental receipts

Disability insurance payments

Interest income from corporate bonds

Interest income from municipal bonds

(1)Gross income

Deductions for AGI:

Expenses for rental property

(2)Total for AGI deductions

(3)AGI

From AGI deductions:

Medical expenses

State income taxes

Charitable contributions

(4)Total itemized deductions

(5)Standard deduction

(6)Greater/Lesser of itemizied deduction or standard deduction

(7)Taxable income

(8)Tax on taxable income

(9)Credits

(10)Tax prepayments

B. Is Reba allowed to file as a head of household or single?

C. Determine the amount of FICA taxes Reba was required to pay on her salary. (Round your final answer to the nearest whole dollar amount.)

D. Determine Heather’s federal income taxes due or payable. Use Tax Rate Schedule, Dividends and Capital Gains Tax, Estates and Trusts for reference. (Round your intermediate computations and final answer to the nearest whole dollar amount.)

A school counselor has been working with a group of six-graders with special needs. She hypothesized that students like her group may have higher depression scores compared to the national average for six-graders. So she assessed her group of students with a depression scale for children and compared the scores to the national average through a t test. The t statistic turned out to be .20. Using a significance level of .01, what decision should she make regarding the null hypothesis?

A.Postpone any decisions until a more conclusive study could be conducted

B.There is not enough information given to make a decision

C.Reject it

D.Fail to reject it

Questions 15-18: A multiple regression model was run on a sample of 150 high school students to see whether the heights of their mothers and fathers (in inches) could be used to predict the student’s own height (in inches). Consider the following partial output.
Parameter    Estimate    Standard Error
Intercept    16.967   4.658
Mother    0.299   0.069
Father    0.412   0.051

15. Find the T test for the variable Father.: *
(A) 0.231
(B) 3.643
(C) 4.333
(D) 8.078

16. Choose the best way to interpret the estimated coefficient for Mother.: *
(A) Every extra inch in height of the mother causes the student to be 0.299 inches taller.
(B) Holding the father’s height constant, every additional inch in height from the mother is associated with an increase of 0.299 inches on average in the student’s height.
(C) Holding the father’s height constant, every additional inch in height from the mother is associated with a decrease of 0.299 inches on average in the student’s height.
(D) The coefficient of 0.299 does not have a practical interpretation.

17. Suppose the coefficient for Father turns out to be significant. Choose the best answer: *
(A) A confidence interval for Father would contain 0.
(B) A confidence interval for Father would be completely positive.
(C) A confidence interval for Father would be completely negative.
(D) There is not enough information to tell.

18. Find the 95% confidence interval for Mother.: *
(A) (0.1617, 0.4363)
(B) (0.1626, 0.4354)
(C) (0.1848, 0.4132)
(D) (0.1855, 0.4125)