1. If the Moon takes 27.3 days to complete its orbital path around the Earth, and the orbit has a radius of 3.8 x 10⁸ meters, what is the Earth's Mass? Express your answer using scientific notation with three significant figures.

(Note: Earth's Mass has been listed on other materials and questions. The value for the Moon's orbital period has been modified so it's close to that value, but not exactly that value. Make sure to do the calculations for this one!)

2. A military surveillance satellite is in circular orbit around the Earth at an altitude of 1,000 km above the surface. If the Earth's mass is 5.97 x 10²⁴ kg and its radius is 6,370 km, what is the satellite's orbital speed in m/s? Round to the nearest integer.

3. If the Earth's Moon has a radius of 1.738 x 10⁶ meters and a mass of 7.30 x 10²² kg, what will its free-fall acceleration near its surface be? Round to the nearest hundredth (0.01).

4. Two celestial objects are in space: one with a mass of 6.27 x 10⁸ kg and one with a mass of 1.97 x 10¹⁰ kg. If they are separated by a distance of 2.37 km, what is the magnitude of the force of attraction (in newtons) between the objects? Round to the nearest integer.

Note: 1 km = 1,000 m.

5. Suppose we have two planets with the same size, but the second one has twice the mass of the first one.

How does the free-fall acceleration on the second planet compare to the first planet?

Group of answer choices

It increases by a factor of 4.

It decreases by a factor of 4.

It decreases by a factor of 2.

It increases by a factor of 2.

It remains unchanged.

In its 2018 State of the First Amendment survey, the Freedom Forum Institute found that 40 percent of respondents could not recall any of the freedoms protected by the First Amendment. You decide to build a distribution for how many respondents could not recall any of the First Amendments. You take a random sample of 10 Americans. 1. What are the assumptions of a binomial distribution? Does this example match those assumptions? 2. What is the probability that the sample has exactly n successes, for n=1,2,3…10? 3. Plot the probabilities that were calculated in problem 2. 4. Find the probability that the sample has at least 5 successes. 5. Find the probability that the sample has at most 3 successes.

Dittenhoefer’s Fine China

introduction

Overall, Steve Edwards, vice president of Marketing at Ditten-hoefer’s Fine China, is very pleased with the success of his new line of Gem-Surface china plates. Gem-Surface plates are differ-ent from regular china in that the plates have a special polymer coating that makes them highly resistant to chipping and fad-ing. Not only are the plates more durable, they are also com-pletely dishwasher safe.

In order to manufacture the new plates, Dittenhoefer’s has leased a special machine to apply the coating and has put in place a drying system to “cure” the coating on the plates. The research and development (R&D) lab has determined that in or-der to prevent defective plates, it is important that the machine apply the polymer coating at the proper temperature and in the proper thickness. Specifically, R&D has written up the following guidelines:

Coating Thickness. The optimal polymer- coating thick-ness is 4 microns. If the coating is 7 5 microns, the plates will take too long to dry. If the coating is 6 3 microns, the plates will be inadequately protected.

Coating Temperature. The polymer coating needs to be applied at a temperature between 160 degrees Fahrenheit and 170 degrees Fahrenheit, with the target temperature being 165 degrees Fahrenheit. If the temperature is lower than 160 degrees, the polymer will not adhere properly and will flake off. If the temperature is higher than 170 degrees, the polymer coating will fade the design on the plates.

Quality Problems

Traditionally, quality control at Dittenhoefer’s has consisted of visually inspecting finished items for defects (chips, cracks, etc.) as they are being packed for shipment. This was accept-able in the past, when defects were few and far between. With the new polymer-coating technology, however, this has caused some serious problems.

For instance, on one Friday during the Christmas sea-son, the packers noticed that nearly all of the plates they were getting ready to ship had faded designs, which suggested that the temperature of the polymer-coating machine might be too high. Sure enough, when a supervisor went back to check on the polymer-coating machine, he found that the thermo-stat was set at 190 degrees. Apparently, someone had set the temperature higher to clean the machine but had forgotten to reset it back to 165 degrees. The good news was that the problem was easily fixed. The bad news was that the ma-chine had been running at 190 degrees since Wednesday. In the interim, 2,400 plates had been run through the coating machine. In the end, Dittenhoefer’s had to destroy all 2,400 plates and was late making shipments to several important customers.

In another instance, a worker just happened to notice that the polymer-coating machine was not using as much raw mate-rial as expected. When the worker measured the thickness of the coating being applied to the plates, she found out why: The coating thickness was only 2.4 microns. A quick check of plates being dried and those being packed revealed that they, too, had a coating thickness of around 2.4 microns. While manufactur-ing was able to correct the problem and save these plates, no one knew how many plates had been shipped before the prob-lem was discovered.

the customer service department

The customer service office is responsible for pricing and en-tering customer orders, tracking the progress of orders, and making sure orders are shipped when promised. If an order is going to be late or there is some other problem, the customer service office is also responsible for notifying the customer. In addition, the customer service office handles customer complaints.

As would be expected, Steve Edwards often visits the larger dealers to find out how satisfied they are with the prod-ucts and service they have received. During one of these trips, Steve realizes there might be problems with the customer ser-vice office. When visiting Nancy Sanders, owner of Lenoir Home Furnishings, Steve gets an earful:

Steve, I understand that you have been busier ever since you introduced the new line of plates. However, I feel that the service quality has deteriorated and no one seems to care! Just last week, I found that an order I had expected in on Monday was not even ready to ship. No one called me—I just happened to find out when I was calling to place an-other order. Your information system also seems to be an-tiquated. The sales assistant apologized for the shipment delay and tried to be helpful, but she couldn’t tell me the status of my order or even when I had placed it! It seemed that the previous sales assistant had changed jobs, and no one knew where her notes were. Notes!? Why isn’t this stuff on a computer? It makes me have serious reservations about doing business with you.

Steve is caught flat- footed by the criticism. When he gets back to the office, he puts together a letter to his top 200 customers. In the letter, he gives customers a self-addressed stamped postcard and asks them to list any problems they have had dealing with the sales office. He gets responses from 93 of the customers­. Their responses are summarized here:

References

Suppose the polymer-coating machine currently provides the following results:

Polymer-Coating Machine: Sample Temperature and Thickness Measurements (taken when the process was under control)

Q:1. On which dimensions of quality does Dittenhoefer’s compete? How are these dimensions being threatened by the problems in the manufacturing and customer service areas?

2. What do you think are the problems with the current manufacturing process as a whole and with the polymer-coating machine in particular? How might you use process mapping and root cause analysis to get to the bottom of these problems?

3. Develop a Pareto chart based on the customer survey results for the customer service office. What seems to be the key problems? How might you use the PDCA cycle to go about resolving these problems?

4.Suppose the polymer-coating machine currently provides the following results:

Calculate the process capability ratio (C_p) for both the tem-perature and thickness variables. Is the polymer-coating process able to meet the engineering standards 99.7% of the time? Explain.

QUESTION 1 The best example of a "frictionally unemployed" worker is one who reduces productivity by causing friction in a business. is laid off during a recessionary period in the economy. is in the process of voluntarily switching jobs. is discouraged and not actively seeking work. 4 points

QUESTION 2 Full-Time Employed = 80 Part-Time Employed = 25 Unemployed = 15 Discouraged Workers = 5 Members of Underground Economy = 6 Consumer Price Index = 110 Refer to the given information about a hypothetical economy. The rate of inflation is 110 percent. is 10 percent. is 0 percent. cannot be determined from the data. 4 points

QUESTION 3 Which of the following statements is correct? For a given real interest rate, the nominal interest must decrease if expected inflation increases. For a given nominal interest rate, the real interest will decrease if inflation decreases. For a given expected inflation rate, the nominal interest must increase if real interest decreases. For a given real interest rate, the nominal interest must increase if expected inflation increases. 4 points

QUESTION 4 Unemployed 7 Total Population 145 Employed 95 Discouraged Workers 3 The table contains information about the hypothetical economy of Scoob. All figures are in millions. If the natural rate of unemployment in Scoob is 5 percent, then structural unemployment is about 3 percent. frictional unemployment is about 2 percent. cyclical unemployment is about 2 percent. hidden unemployment is about 5 percent. 4 points

QUESTION 5 Unemployed 7 Total Population 145 Employed 95 Discouraged Workers 3 The table contains information about the hypothetical economy of Scoob. All figures are in millions. The unemployment rate in Scoob is 2.5 percent. 3.2 percent. 5.0 percent. 6.9 percent. 4 points QUESTION 6 Okun's law measures the trade-off between the rate of inflation and the rate of unemployment. indicates the number of years it will take for a constant rate of inflation to double the price level. quantifies the relationship between nominal and real incomes. shows the relationship between the unemployment rate and the size of the negative GDP gap. 4 points QUESTION 7 Unanticipated inflation arbitrarily "subsidizes" those who receive fixed money incomes. "taxes" those who receive fixed money incomes. "penalizes" those who borrow money. "benefits" those who save money. 4 points

QUESTION 8 The labor force includes employed workers and persons who are officially unemployed. employed workers but excludes persons who are officially unemployed. full-time workers but excludes part-time workers. permanent employees but excludes temporary employees. 4 points

QUESTION 9 A peak in the business cycle occurs when the unemployment rate is its greatest. occurs when the inflation rate is its lowest. is a temporary maximum point. is a temporary minimum point. 4 points

QUESTION 10 Search and wait unemployment is another way to describe noncyclical unemployment. cyclical unemployment. frictional unemployment. structural unemployment. 4 points

QUESTION 11 (Consider This) Which of the following best explains why unemployment rises significantly during a recession? Wages are sticky both upward and downward. Wages are flexible both upward and downward. Wages are flexible upward but sticky downward. Wages are sticky upward but flexible downward. 4 points

QUESTION 12 Unemployment rates for skilled workers compared to unemployment rates for unskilled workers are lower, because skilled workers tend to be employed in less cyclically vulnerable industries, such as the services and nondurable goods industries. higher, because skilled workers tend to be employed in more cyclically vulnerable industries, such as the durable goods industry. higher, because businesses are less likely to retain the more costly skilled workers no matter what type of industry. lower, because skilled workers tend to be primarily employed by government at the local, state, and federal levels. 4 points

QUESTION 13 Governments imposing negative nominal interest rates are attempting to discourage the use of banks. compete with private banks in the lending market. discourage consumption and encourage saving. encourage consumption by discouraging saving. 4 points

QUESTION 14 Real income can be determined by dividing the price level by nominal income. inflating nominal income for inflation. dividing the annual rate of inflation into the number "70." deflating nominal income for inflation. 4 points

QUESTION 15 (Consider This) Which of the following statements is most accurate about economists’ concerns about deflation? Economists are not concerned about deflation because consumers benefit from the lower prices. Central banks will encourage deflation by keeping interest rates too low. Deflation can lead to bankruptcies that trigger a downward deflationary spiral. Deflation will make a nation’s exports less attractive to foreign buyers. 4 points

QUESTION 16 If the real interest rate and the nominal interest rate are both negative and equal to each other, then the inflation premium is zero. inflation premium is also negative. inflation premium is positive. economy must be in a recession. 4 points

QUESTION 17 Cost-push inflation tends to be characterized by all of the following, except rising general price level. falling real output. being automatically self-limiting. falling unemployment. 4 points

QUESTION 18 Which of the following is a correct statement? It is relatively easy to distinguish between cost-push and demand-pull inflation even if you don't know the source of the inflation. A supply shock will cause a variation of demand-pull inflation that can lead to hyperinflation. Demand-pull inflation will continue so long as there is excess total spending in the economy. Demand-pull inflation is usually accompanied by higher unemployment rates. 4 points

QUESTION 19 Which of the following formulas is correct? Percentage change in price level approximates percentage change in real income minus percentage change in nominal income. real income approximates percentage change in nominal income minus percentage change in price level. nominal income approximates percentage change in price level minus percentage change in real income. real income approximates percentage change in price level minus percentage change in nominal income. 4 points

QUESTION 20 In the aftermath of the Great Recession, several governments engineered a negative nominal interest rate. Using the formula that relates nominal interest and real interest, negative nominal rates could imply any of the following, except negative inflation premium or negative real interest rates. zero inflation premium and negative real interest rates. zero inflation premium and high positive real interest rates. low inflation premium and a significantly negative real interest. 4 points

QUESTION 21 In the depth of the Great Depression, the unemployment rate in the United States was about 15 percent. 33 percent. 25 percent. 40 percent. 4 points

QUESTION 22 The CPI compiled by the Bureau of Labor Statistics is used in the computations for the unemployment rate. the inflation rate. the interest rate. the foreign exchange rate. 4 points

QUESTION 23 Suppose there are 10 million part-time workers and 90 million full-time workers in an economy. Five million of the part-time workers switch to full-time work. As a result, the official unemployment rate will fall. the official unemployment rate will rise. the official unemployment rate will remain unchanged. the size of the labor force will increase. 4 points

QUESTION 24 Full-Time Employed = 80 Part-Time Employed = 25 Unemployed = 15 Discouraged Workers = 5 Members of Underground Economy = 6 Consumer Price Index = 110 Refer to the given information about a hypothetical economy. If members of the underground economy are currently counted as part of the unemployed when in fact they are employed, the official unemployment rate is overstated by about 0 percentage points. 2 percentage points. 5 percentage points. 6 percentage points. 4 points

QUESTION 25 Suppose that lenders want to receive a real rate of interest of 5 percent and that they expect inflation to remain steady at 2 percent in the coming years. Based on this, lenders should charge a nominal interest rate of 2 percent. 3 percent. 5 percent. 7 percent.

Moonbeam Company manufactures toasters. For the first 8 months of 2017, the company reported the following operating results while operating at 75% of plant capacity: Sales (349,100 units) $4,377,000 Cost of goods sold 2,594,000 Gross profit 1,783,000 Operating expenses 839,400 Net income $943,600 Cost of goods sold was 67% variable and 33% fixed; operating expenses were 77% variable and 23% fixed. In September, Moonbeam Company receives a special order for 24,500 toasters at $8.38 each from Luna Company of Ciudad Juarez. Acceptance of the order would result in an additional $2,900 of shipping costs but no increase in fixed costs. (a) Prepare an incremental analysis for the special order.

X company manufacture toasters. For the first 8 months of 2010, the company reported the following operating results while operating at 75% of plant capacity:

Sales (350,000 units) $4,375,000

Cost of goods sold $2,600,000

Gross Profit $1,775,000

Operating expenses $840,000

Net Income $935,000

Cost of goods sold was 70% variable and 30% fixed; operating expenses were 75% variable and 25% fixed. In september, X company receives a special order for 15,000 toasters at $7.6. Acceptance of the order would result in additional $3000 of shipping costs but no increase in fixed operating expenses.

a) prepare an incremental analysis for the special order

b) should x company accept the order? why or why not?

Consider the case of France following World War II. It is beginning a temporary period of expansionary government spending as it rebuilds its damaged infrastructure. And it is considering whether to join the system of fixed exchange rates being set up at that time, called the Bretton Woods System.

a) Suppose first that France undertakes its temporary expansionary fiscal policy while maintaining a flexible exchange rate. State the short-run effects of the fiscal policy on France’s output, interest rate, and exchange rate, using the IS-LM and Forex Market graphs to show this.

b) Suppose instead that France fixes its exchange rate and then undertakes the temporary expansionary fiscal policy. State the short-run effects on France’s output, interest rate and exchange rate, using the IS-LM and Forex Market graphs to show this. Explain each curve shift. Compare the result to your answer in part (a).

Your cousin Joe at age 25 wants to plan for his retirement and estimates to retire at the age of 65. He already has $5000 in his savings that he received as a gift from his mother. He plans to save some of his income each year during his working years and he plans to increase his savings at a constant 5% each year.

He wants to be able to spend $100.000 for 20 years after his retirement and at the end he wants $300.000 savings to donate his favorite charity. Retirement spending must increase and cover 2% annual inflation as well.

He expects to make 5% return on his savings during working years and 4% after retirement. Assume cash flows occur at the end of the year.

Calculate the saving amount in the first year of working for Joe.

Your cousin Joe at age 25 wants to plan for his retirement and estimates to retire at the age of 65. He already has $5000 in his savings that he received as a gift from his mother. He plans to save some of his income each year during his working years and he plans to increase his savings at a constant 5% each year.

He wants to be able to spend $100,000 for 20 years after his retirement and at the end he wants $300,000 savings to donate his favorite charity. Retirement spending must increase and cover 2% annual inflation as well.  

He expects to make 5% return on his savings during working years and 4% after retirement.

Assume cash flows occur at the end of the year.

Calculate the saving amount in the first year of working for Joe.

If the Department of Defense (DoD) implemented the plans described in its 2019 Future Years Defense Program, its base budget (which funds normal peacetime activities) would climb from the $617 billion requested for 2019 to $735 billion (in 2019 dollars) in 2033, CBO estimates. Most of that increase would result from increased costs for military personnel and operation and maintenance. Base-budget costs would substantially exceed the share of funding that DoD has previously received under the Budget Control Act’s funding caps in both 2020 and 2021, the final years subject to those caps. Estimated costs based on historical trends instead of some of DoD’s estimates would be about 5 percent higher over the 2019–2033 period."

And Congressional Budget Office which the article above discusses the Fiscal Policy module. Explain the spending and budget of government on different departments such as:

Agriculture, Budget, CBO Operations, Climate and Environment, Defense and National Security and so on

Summarize in 200 words