In an experiment, E.coli cells have been genetically modified through site directed mutagenesis. This is a process through which specific locations in an organism’s genome can be altered in order to study the function of such locations, or proteins coded for by genes found in a location. There are many techniques available for site directed mutagenesis. (You have access to PCR ingredients, any primer you wish, laboratory equipment, Lambda phage, and the ability to alter Lambda genome, a commercially available plasmid, such as Puc19, E.coli K-12, plates, media, etc..)

4. Using the tools given above, come up with a way to achieve insertion of your DNA into the genome (step by step process, no short cuts. Remember I don’t know what your experiment is, you do.)(4 points)

There is an experiment. Amy wants to find out if reading a book that outlines teaching strategies helps one teach better. She will have all of the subjects read a book and then give a lecture to a class. The independent variable is the type of book read. The book is either a teaching guide or a visitor’s guide to Scotland. The dependent variable is how well the class does on a test given right after the lecture. It is a related samples design. Group A will read the teaching guide first, give a lecture, read the travel guide second, and give another lecture. Group B will read the travel guide first, give a lecture, read the teaching guide second, and give another lecture. Describe what the most likely carry-over effect would be for this experiment. Be precise in describing it and explaining what it would do (its ramifications).

Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is a common genetic disease that causes cysts in the kidneys that can lead to kidney failure. The most common gene mutated in this disease is PKD1. Imagine that you are researcher working on ADPKD and a doctor has provided you with biological samples from patient with ADPKD. You have been tasked with identifying the mutation in PKD1 and then to test how this mutation affects protein function. Use the links provided to research ADPKD and PKD1 along with what we learned in class to answer the following questions.

1.Design an experiment to test the dysfunction of the mutant protein.

a.What is your hypothesis?

b.What technique would you use and why?

c.What is information would the technique provide?

d.How could your experiment help in the treatment or prevention of the disease?

Consider the following experiment. Each participant interacted for an hour with another person who was actually a research confederate (an actor working for the researcher). The confederate either presented herself as similar or dissimilar to the participant. After this interaction, both persons agreed to return 1 week later for another session with each other. When the real participants returned, they were falsely informed that the person they had met the week before had died. The researchers then compared how long the participant spent viewing a picture of the “deceased” depending on whether the person had presented as similar or dissimilar to them. The participant was never told that the reported death was untrue.

Write a hypothesis that is tested in this study.

Discuss the ethical issues raised in the experiment.

What would you recommend the experimenters do to protect the participants and minimize risk of harm?

A pharmaceutical company tested three formulations of a pain relief medicine for migraine headache sufferers. For the experiment, 27 volunteers were selected and 9 were randomly assigned to one of three drug formulations. The subjects were instructed to take the drug during their next migraine headache episode and to report their pain on a scale of 1 = no pain to 10 = extreme pain 30 minutes after taking the drug. a. Identify the response variable for this experiment. __________________________________(2)

b. What is the experimental unit? __________________________________(2)

Below is the ANOVA table for this analysis.

Source df SS MS F P-value

error 2 28.222 114.111 11.908 .0003

treatments 24 28.444 1.185

total 26 56.666

c. Conduct the appropriate hypothesis test at the 5% significance level. (6 points)

Ho:_______________________________________________

Ha:_______________________________________________ _________________________________________________

Conclusion:_______________________________________ _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________

Just tell me we will use two Sample independent test or the two sample dependent test.

An experiment was carried out to compare recall ability when reading electronically compared to hard copy. Thirty students from a first-year university English class agreed to participate. Each student was shown a randomly generated list of 40 five-letter words on a tablet and given 2 minutes to memorise them. They were then given 4 minutes to write down as many of the words as they could recall. An hour later, the students repeated the experiment but this time the list of 40 five-letter words was given to them on a piece of paper. In each case, the percentage of correctly recalled words was recorded. The aim is to see if there is a difference in the percentage of words correctly recalled between the electronic list and the paper list.

Suppose you were asked to carry out a crossed-aldol condensation reaction between 4-methylbenzaldehyde and 3,3-dimethylbutanal modelled after an experiment performed with benzaldehyde and acetone, a. what product would you expect to make? Write the equation showing the detailed structures of reactants and products? b. propose a detailed mechanism for this reaction? c. what unwanted by-product might be expected in this experiment? Write the relevant equations with detailed structures? What experimental strategy might you attempt to minimize the formation of this by-product. d. how would your major product react with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine? write an equation to depict the relevant details and describe what is observed visually. e. how would your major product react with molecular bromine in carbon tetrachloride? describe what is observed visually.

You will be assigned tetracycline an antibiotic to focus your discussion on. Please answer the following questions about your assigned antibiotic.

tetracycline

• How does it kill bacteria?
• Is your antibiotic selectively toxic? Please explain your answer, including the definition of selective toxicity.
• How could bacteria become resistant to your antibiotic? Your answer should include the concepts of mutation and natural selection.
• What are some actions we, as a society, can take to limit antibiotic resistance?
• For your assigned antibiotic, describe an experiment that you could use to determine if a bacterial sample taken from a person was resistant to your antibiotic. Be sure to describe all steps of the experiment including your independent, dependent, and control variables.
• Initial discussion posts should have a minimum word length of 150 words.

Five different environments were chosen to compare the seed yield of four strains of a weed species. In each environment, four adjacent plots of approximately same fertility and moisture level were found and each strain was randomly assigned to a plot. At maturity, ten random samples were taken from each plot and the mean number of seeds per plant was recorded. These data are presented below:

                                                                                                Strain (I)

                                    Environment (J)                   A         B         C         D        

            _______________________________________________________________      

                                                            1                      18        20        17        15                   

                                                            2                      16        18        16        18                   

                                                            3                      18        21        16        13                   

                                                            4                      18        20        17        16                   

                                                            5                      19        17        18        20                   

1. Complete the analysis of variance (ANOVA) table for the experiment.                
2. Was it a reasonable design to use for the experiment? Explain.