1. Maureen lives in Washington State. She went to California on a vacation, and went to a movie theater with a friend while she was there. She was injured due to the movie theater's negligence in not maintaining properly a carpeted stairway inside the theater. California is the state of incorporation and principal place of business for the owner of the business (George W. Bush Enterprise, Inc.). For this discussion consider George W. Bush Enterprises, Inc. a “person”.

Maureen’s injuries amount to about $80,000 in lost wages and medical bills (not counting pain and suffering). Maureen should be able to have her case against George W. Bush Enterprises, Inc., decided in a US District Court, based on complete diversity of citizenship. T or F

2. In order for a trial court to hear a criminal case the court must have subject matter jurisdiction and the legal authority to require the defendant to stand trial? T of F

3.The legal term for the questioning of potential jurors, to try to determine if they will be impartial toward each of the parties to a lawsuit is:

a. Interrogatories

b. Oral arguments

c. Precedent

d. Certiorari

e. Voir dire

4.  Discovery in a civil trial includes the use of interrogatories and requests for production? T or F

5. A lawyer may waive his/her attorney-client privilege? T or F

6. The "burden of proof" in a criminal case rests on the government to show that a defendant is guilty. If the government cannot prove its case “beyond a reasonable doubt” then the jury must determine that defendant is “not guilty.” T or F

7.

The Washington State Supreme Court (the highest court in the Washington state system) makes a decision based on the facts of a particular case. Lower state courts that are within the State of Washington must follow the legal rule laid down by that high court. This is the concept known as:

a. President

b. Precedent

c. Prescient

d. Presentence

e. Presence

1. Maureen lives in Washington State. She went to California on a vacation, and went to a movie theater with a friend while she was there. She was injured due to the movie theater's negligence in not maintaining properly a carpeted stairway inside the theater. California is the state of incorporation and principal place of business for the owner of the business (George W. Bush Enterprise, Inc.). For this discussion consider George W. Bush Enterprises, Inc. a “person”.

Maureen’s injuries amount to about $80,000 in lost wages and medical bills (not counting pain and suffering). Maureen should be able to have her case against George W. Bush Enterprises, Inc., decided in a US District Court, based on complete diversity of citizenship. T or F

2. In order for a trial court to hear a criminal case the court must have subject matter jurisdiction and the legal authority to require the defendant to stand trial? T of F

3.The legal term for the questioning of potential jurors, to try to determine if they will be impartial toward each of the parties to a lawsuit is:

a. Interrogatories

b. Oral arguments

c. Precedent

d. Certiorari

e. Voir dire

4.  Discovery in a civil trial includes the use of interrogatories and requests for production? T or F

5. A lawyer may waive his/her attorney-client privilege? T or F

6. The "burden of proof" in a criminal case rests on the government to show that a defendant is guilty. If the government cannot prove its case “beyond a reasonable doubt” then the jury must determine that defendant is “not guilty.” T or F

7.

The Washington State Supreme Court (the highest court in the Washington state system) makes a decision based on the facts of a particular case. Lower state courts that are within the State of Washington must follow the legal rule laid down by that high court. This is the concept known as:

a. President

b. Precedent

c. Prescient

d. Presentence

e. Presence

Many entrepreneurial ventures raise money from venture capitalists. Getting venture capital funding is a complex process of finding one or more partners to commit to back the company on its journey. The relationship between entrepreneurs and venture capitalists is important – it can be very positive and help a venture succeed, or it can be stressful and have negative implications. We will spend quite a bit of time trying to understand what venture capitalists do and how they structure deals with entrepreneurial ventures. The big question – Can venture capitalists help you and your venture succeed? Venture capitalists are professionals who specialize in investing in high growth potential ventures. They typically raise funds from institutional investors, corporations or individuals and form partnerships that deploy capital over a period of up to ten years. The venture capitalists act as General Partners and the investors are Limited Partners. Venture capital firms have two income streams. They charge a management fee based on the amount in the fund and they take a share of the profits – that share is called the carried interest. For most funds, the management fee is under 2% per year and the carried interest percentage is between 15 and 30%. Most venture capital firms have several partners and invest in multiple companies, often in separate rounds of financing for each company. Venture capital firms tend to specialize in geography, stage of investment, and/or industry. At one end of the spectrum, some funds only invest in early-stage companies. Other firms invest in more established companies to fund growth. The professional venture capital industry has existed since the 1940s though the industry remained small until the mid-1990s as the Internet revolution took hold. Total capital deployed in the industry is under $300 billion. There are several hundred active venture capital funds in the United States and around the world. Venture capital is a “hits” business. Even the best investors lose money or make modest returns on a majority of the companies they back. A few great successes generate most of the value, as was true with companies like Intel, Genentech, Apple, Amazon, Google, Facebook and more recent companies like Uber and Airbnb. A small number of venture capital firms consistently back big winners. In recent years, Sequoia, Benchmark, Accel, and Greylock have had a disproportionate number of “Unicorn” hits – these are companies that attain valuations of $1 billion or more. There is enormous variety in the industry. Some funds are small – from $10 million up to $100 million. These firms are willing to back new companies and write initial checks of several hundred thousand up to a few million dollars. Most venture funds reserve capital to make follow-on investments in companies that are doing well. Larger funds – those up to $1 billion in capital – will only invest in companies that might need tens of millions of dollars over the life of the fund. Venture capitalists are active investors. They often insist on a seat on the board of directors and they negotiate for certain control rights such as the right to replace the CEO or to approve any large capital expenditure or corporate action. Venture capitalists almost always use a standard investment vehicle – convertible preferred stock – though the exact terms depend on many factors. Some venture capitalists have been successful entrepreneurs while others have experience in large companies or finance.

What do you think about raising money from venture capital firms? How do you decide whether you should do so?

You are a statistician tasked with the challenge of proving that the nation of Remulak is selling its wine in the United States at a price below that which is charged domestically in Remulak. The issue is that the Remulak government is coordinating predatory pricing by subsidizing a lower price charged in the US in order to stimulate export demand for their most prolific product. The data available has been collected from random samples of single bottles of Remulak wine sold in both the United States and in Remulak. Currency exchange experts have adjusted the price charged in Remulak to US Dollars reflecting both the exchange rate differences and differences in real prices between the two nations.

You should prepare confidence intervals of the difference of the two pricing levels at both the 95% and 99 % confidence levels. Further, you should conduct an appropriate hypothesis test for a difference in price of $1.70 per bottle lower in the US, which agricultural economists have determined is the minimum difference required to significantly induce increases in US demand for Remulak wine.

Set up median and standard deviation for U.S. data and Remulak data. Show calcuation for z-score and plot.

Be careful that this is set up properly so that you are testing at the correct tail.

The following problem is based on information taken from Academe, Bulletin of the American Association of University Professors. Let x represent the average annual salary of college and university professors (in thousands of dollars) in the United States. For all colleges and universities in the United States, the population variance of x is approximately σ² = 47.1. However, a random sample of 18 colleges and universities in Kansas showed that x has a sample variance s² = 84.7. Use a 5% level of significance to test the claim that the variance for colleges and universities in Kansas is greater than 47.1.

(A) What is the level of significance?

(B) State the null and alternate hypotheses.

H₀: σ² = 47.1; H₁: σ² ≠ 47.1

H₀: σ² = 47.1; H₁: σ² < 47.1    

H₀: σ² < 47.1; H₁: σ² = 47.1

H₀: σ² = 47.1; H₁: σ² > 47.1

H₀: σ² > 47.1; H₁: σ² = 47.1

(C) Find the value of the chi-square statistic for the sample. (Round your answer to two decimal places.)

(D) What are the degrees of freedom?

(E) What assumptions are you making about the original distribution?

We assume a binomial population distribution.

We make no distributional assumptions.    

We assume a exponential population distribution.

We assume a normal population distribution.

We assume a uniform population distribution.

(F) Find the P-value of the sample test statistic. (Round your answer to four decimal places.)

(G) Based on your answers in parts (a) to (f), will you reject or fail to reject the null hypothesis of independence?

Since the P-value > α, we fail to reject the null hypothesis.

Since the P-value > α, we reject the null hypothesis.    

Since the P-value ≤ α, we reject the null hypothesis.

Since the P-value ≤ α, we fail to reject the null hypothesis.

(H) Interpret your conclusion in the context of the application.

At the 5% level of significance, there is sufficient evidence to conclude the variance of annual salaries is greater in Kansas.

At the 5% level of significance, there is insufficient evidence to conclude the variance of annual salaries is greater in Kansas.    

1,Which of the following persons is NOT liable for Canadian income tax under Part I of the Income Tax Act?

2

Which of the following is an argument in favour of a regressive tax system over a progressive tax system?

3

Which of the following types of income earned by a non-resident individual is NOT subject to Canadian income tax under Part I of the Income Tax Act?

American Brain Cook meets with his Chinese change manager Chan Ling and his team at the Beijing office of a European corporation to discuss last month's delay in the change deadlines. He questions Chan Ling repeatedly about his team's underperformance. Brian openly states he believes the team is not pushing hard enough and that there is a lack of commitment. He stresses than Ling is accountable for the results of the team and that he should have informed him about the issues Ling nods silently and peers out the window. He picks up his papers, walks through the door without further discussion, and never returns.

Chan Ling has lost face. The directness of Brian's questioning was interpreted by Chan as a personal insult. He saw Brian as rude, and their working relationship ended abruptly based on this incident. Chan also terminated his employment with the company at a time when he was really needed. What happened?

In China, as in other cultures around the world, "face" is more important than anything else. Face is related to the Western concept of dignity, but it goes much deeper than that. There is a Chinese proverb that reads Ren yao lian, shu yao pi ("A person needs face, like a tree needs bark"). Losing face has serious consequences for people from such cultures since there is a profound emotion of shame associated with losing face, and this may reflect on the person, their families, or even their entire community. Chan felt a deep sense of embarrassment from Brian's assertive questioning style, which is commonly accepted in the United Stated and many other Western cultures. What Brian didn't realize is that his is not acceptable in all cultures; thus, his leadership effectiveness was compromised.

1. How could Brian have prepared more effectively for his international assignment (refer to the guidelines for culture shock and culture agility)?

2 What cultural values (Hofstede; GLOBE) help explain Chan's reaction? What are the differences between the United States and China?

3. What should Brian do now? Develop a plan for addressing the situation.

3. In a study of the long-run and short-run demands for money, Chow estimated the following demand equation (standard errors in parentheses) for the United States from 1947:1 through 1965:4:

Mt=0.14+1.05Yt*-0.01Yt-0.75Rt

(0.15)        (0.10)       (0.05)

R²= 0.996

DW = 0.88^**

Breusch-Godfrey LM Test= 8.38^**

N = 76 (quarterly)

where:

Mt = the log of the money stock in quarter t

Yt^* = the log of permanent income (a moving average of previous quarters’ current income) in quarter t

Yt = the log of current income in quarter t

Rt = the log of the rate of interest in quarter t

a. Test for the significance of the coefficients and for the overall significance of the model.

b. What econometric problems seem likely to be in this equation?

c. In particular, are there are any problems related to the coefficient of Y? If so, are these problems more likely to have been caused by multicollinearity, serial correlation, or heteroskedasticity?

d. What suggestions would you have for another estimation of this equation? Why?

3. In a study of the long-run and short-run demands for money, Chow estimated the following demand equation (standard errors in parentheses) for the United States from 1947:1 through 1965:4:

Mt=0.14+1.05Yt*-0.01Yt-0.75Rt

                                                                              (0.15)        (0.10)       (0.05)

R²= 0.996

DW = 0.88^**

Breusch-Godfrey LM Test= 8.38^**

N = 76 (quarterly)

where:

Mt = the log of the money stock in quarter t

Yt^* = the log of permanent income (a moving average of previous quarters’ current income) in quarter t

Yt = the log of current income in quarter t

Rt = the log of the rate of interest in quarter t

a. Test for the significance of the coefficients and for the overall significance of the model.

b. What econometric problems seem likely to be in this equation?

c. In particular, are there are any problems related to the coefficient of Y? If so, are these problems more likely to have been caused by multicollinearity, serial correlation, or heteroskedasticity?

d. What suggestions would you have for another estimation of this equation? Why?

8. During a natural disaster, it is safe to drink the water from ________.

a) car or truck radiators b) toilet bowls, if the bathrooms have not flooded c)

swimming pools d) melted ice cubes that are in the freezer

9. Which of the following statements is true?

a) Food-borne illnesses are usually characterized by the signs and symptoms of influenza. b)

In the United States, the Center for Food Preservation and Safety is the primary government agency that oversees the safety of most foods. c) Certain microbes produce poisonous chemicals that can cause food intoxication. d) Fungi are responsible for most cases of food-borne illness among Americans.

10. During pregnancy, an adult woman's need for vitamin D doubles. True or false?

11.. Infants ________ have a high risk of obesity.

a) with birth weights between 6.0 and 8.0 pounds b) who obtain regular physical activity c) that are given vitamin C supplements d) whose mothers are obese

12. In the United States, eclampsia is the second leading cause of death among pregnant women. True or false?

13. Obesity is a major contributor to type II diabetes, cancer and _____________________. Fill in the blank

14. Swelling due to excess extracellular fluids (usually in the hands and feet is referred to as ___________.Fill in the blank

15. _________ is the desire of some pregnant women to eat non-food items, such as dirt, in order to obtain trace minerals.Fill in the blank

16. Undercooked ground meats are a good source of ____________, a common pathogenic bacteria.​ Fill in the blank

17.Our muscles use glucose metabolism in aerobic conditions, and ______________ metabolism in anaerobic conditions.Fill in the blank

18. ______________ is a major mineral that is needed for normal physiological function. When our bodies are low on this mineral, we can remove it from bones and teeth. In elderly people, typically women, this can result in osteoporosis. Fill in the blank

19.The _________ is the primary organ where glycogen is broken down to create glucose.Fill in the blank

20. _________________ is the hormone that signals to the kidneys that there is not enough water in the bloodstream (alcohol blocks this hormone and causes excess urination). Fill in the blank

The Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation reported that the topography of disease-related deaths has changed over many generations, and that different diseases, both communicable and noncommunicable, are starting to effect communities differently. Specifically, the researchers identify that the typical life expectancy has increased on a global scale, which means there are now different, previously unknown risks and causes of illness due to aging populations. Of specific interest the researchers mention that the “leading causes of death and disability have changed from communicable diseases in children to noncommunicable diseases in adults” (IME, 2013). The United States and other developed and industrialized nations have seen a stark reduction in maternal, nutritional, and premature child deaths. Third-world or underdeveloped nations, however, have seen a spike in communicable, maternal, nutritional and child related diseases. The Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation implemented the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study to systematically address health concerns related to a number of demographic characteristics. The GBD 2010 study found an increased life expectancy of 35 years since 1970 for many industrialized nations, but negligible improvement in life expectancy in developing nations such as sub-Saharan Africa.

As part of this exercise, check out the 2013 information at: http://www.healthdata.org/sites/default/files/files/policy_report/2013/ GBD_GeneratingEvidence/IHME_GBD_GeneratingEvidence_FullReport.pdf, then prepare answers to the questions that follow.

Question 1

Why is it important to research and understand the epidemiological transition of diseases across the world?

Question 2

What are some potential factors that may help explain the static nature of life expectancy in areas such as the sub-Saharan African communities?

Question 3

Identify and explain the factors related to the rise of noncommunicable diseases in industrialized nations, such as the United States.

Question 4

What could be a potentially helpful strategy for reducing deaths related to communicable diseases in poorer nations?

Retrieved from: http://www.healthdata.org/sites/default/files/files/policy_report/2013/ GBD_GeneratingEvidence/IHME_GBD_GeneratingEvidence_FullReport.pdf Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation. The Global Burden of Disease: Generating Evidence, Guiding Policy. Seattle, WA: IHME.