Outback Outfitters is a manufacturer of recreational equipment. It has been experiencing an average growth rate of 20% in sales over the past 5 years. It is August 31 and the financial controller has just prepared the company’s budgeted income statement for next year. The company has no sales force of its own and outsourcing its selling and marketing functions to an independent sales agents. The commission paid to the agent is 12% on sales for all the different products the company sold. The statement follows:

When the financial controller handed the statement to the CEO, the CEO informed the controller that the sales agent demanded an increase in the commission rate to 16% next year to cover the increasing expenses in marketing and selling the products of Outback Outfitters.

The CEO concerns that the sales agent might ask for further increase in the commission rate in the future and would like to set up its own sales team. He asks the help of the financial controller and he gathers the following information for setting up the sales team:

Commission rate to own sales team 8%

Required:

a. Prepare a contribution margin income statement for next year at the 16% commission rate.

b. Calculate the contribution margin ratio and break-even in dollar sales for next year assuming:

(1) Commission rate remains at 12%.

(2) Commission rate is increased to 16%.

c. Determine the volume of sales under 16% commission rate that would be required to generate the same net operating income under the 12% commission rate. Compute the margin of safety percentage under 16% commission rate.

d. Calculate the contribution margin ratio, break-even dollar sales and margin of safety if the company employs its own sales team.

e. Determine the volume of sales at which the net operating income would be equal regardless of whether the company sells through agents at 16% commission rate or employs its own sales team.

f. What is meant by the term operating leverage? Calculate the degree of operating leverage that the company would expect to have for next year assuming the company (1) sells through agents at 16% commission rate and (2) employs its own sales team.

g. Based on the data in (a) through (f) above, make a recommendation as to whether the company should continue to use sales agent (at 16% commission rate) or employ its own sales team. Give reasons for your answer.

At December 31, 2017, Cord Company's plant asset and accumulated depreciation and amortization accounts had balances as follows: Category Plant Asset Accumulated Depreciation and Amortization Land $ 168,000 $ — Buildings 1,150,000 321,900 Machinery and equipment 775,000 310,500 Automobiles and trucks 165,000 93,325 Leasehold improvements 202,000 101,000 Land improvements — — Depreciation methods and useful lives: Buildings—150% declining balance; 25 years. Machinery and equipment—Straight line; 10 years. Automobiles and trucks—150% declining balance; 5 years, all acquired after 2014. Leasehold improvements—Straight line. Land improvements—Straight line. Depreciation is computed to the nearest month and residual values are immaterial. Transactions during 2018 and other information: On January 6, 2018, a plant facility consisting of land and building was acquired from King Corp. in exchange for 18,000 shares of Cord's common stock. On this date, Cord's stock had a fair value of $40 a share. Current assessed values of land and building for property tax purposes are $136,000 and $544,000, respectively. On March 25, 2018, new parking lots, streets, and sidewalks at the acquired plant facility were completed at a total cost of $150,000. These expenditures had an estimated useful life of 12 years. The leasehold improvements were completed on December 31, 2014, and had an estimated useful life of eight years. The related lease, which would terminate on December 31, 2020, was renewable for an additional four-year term. On April 30, 2018, Cord exercised the renewal option. On July 1, 2018, machinery and equipment were purchased at a total invoice cost of $318,000. Additional costs of $12,000 for delivery and $43,000 for installation were incurred. On August 30, 2018, Cord purchased a new automobile for $11,800. On September 30, 2018, a truck with a cost of $23,300 and a book value of $7,800 on date of sale was sold for $10,800. Depreciation for the nine months ended September 30, 2018, was $1,755. On December 20, 2018, a machine with a cost of $13,500 and a book value of $2,800 at date of disposition was scrapped without cash recovery. Required: 1. Prepare a schedule analyzing the changes in each of the plant asset accounts during 2018. Do not analyze changes in accumulated depreciation and amortization. 2. For each asset category, prepare a schedule showing depreciation or amortization expense for the year ended December 31, 2018.

At December 31, 2020, Cord Company's plant asset and accumulated depreciation and amortization accounts had balances as follows:

Depreciation methods and useful lives:
Buildings—150% declining balance; 25 years.
Equipment—Straight line; 10 years.
Automobiles and trucks—200% declining balance; 5 years, all acquired after 2017.
Leasehold improvements—Straight line.
Land improvements—Straight line.

Depreciation is computed to the nearest month and residual values are immaterial. Transactions during 2021 and other information:

1. On January 6, 2021, a plant facility consisting of land and building was acquired from King Corp. in exchange for 24,000 shares of Cord's common stock. On this date, Cord's stock had a fair value of $40 a share. Current assessed values of land and building for property tax purposes are $148,000 and $592,000, respectively.
2. On March 25, 2021, new parking lots, streets, and sidewalks at the acquired plant facility were completed at a total cost of $186,000. These expenditures had an estimated useful life of 12 years.
3. The leasehold improvements were completed on December 31, 2017, and had an estimated useful life of eight years. The related lease, which would terminate on December 31, 2023, was renewable for an additional four-year term. On April 30, 2021, Cord exercised the renewal option.
4. On July 1, 2021, equipment was purchased at a total invoice cost of $324,000. Additional costs of $12,000 for delivery and $49,000 for installation were incurred.
5. On September 30, 2021, Cord purchased a new automobile for $12,400.
6. On September 30, 2021, a truck with a cost of $23,900 and a book value of $9,000 on date of sale was sold for $11,400. Depreciation for the nine months ended September 30, 2021, was $2,025.
7. On December 20, 2021, equipment with a cost of $16,500 and a book value of $2,950 at date of disposition was scrapped without cash recovery.

Required:

1. Please help me make a schedule analyzing the changes in each of the plant asset accounts during 2021. Do not analyze changes in accumulated depreciation and amortization.
2. For each asset category, help me make a schedule showing depreciation or amortization expense for the year ended December 31, 2021. Thanks

At December 31, 2017, Cord Company's plant asset and accumulated depreciation and amortization accounts had balances as follows:

Depreciation methods and useful lives:
Buildings—150% declining balance; 25 years.
Machinery and equipment—Straight line; 10 years.
Automobiles and trucks—150% declining balance; 5 years, all acquired after 2014.
Leasehold improvements—Straight line.
Land improvements—Straight line.

Depreciation is computed to the nearest month and residual values are immaterial. Transactions during 2018 and other information:

On January 6, 2018, a plant facility consisting of land and building was acquired from King Corp. in exchange for 25,000 shares of Cord's common stock. On this date, Cord’s stock had a fair value of $50 a share. Current assessed values of land and building for property tax purposes are $187,500 and $562,500, respectively.

On March 25, 2018, new parking lots, streets, and sidewalks at the acquired plant facility were completed at a total cost of $192,000. These expenditures had an estimated useful life of 12 years.

The leasehold improvements were completed on December 31, 2014, and had an estimated useful life of eight years. The related lease, which would terminate on December 31, 2020, was renewable for an additional four-year term. On April 30, 2018, Cord exercised the renewal option.

On July 1, 2018, machinery and equipment were purchased at a total invoice cost of $325,000. Additional costs of $10,000 for delivery and $50,000 for installation were incurred.

On August 30, 2018, Cord purchased a new automobile for $12,500.

On September 30, 2018, a truck with a cost of $24,000 and a book value of $9,100 on date of sale was sold for $11,500. Depreciation for the nine months ended September 30, 2018, was $2,650.

On December 20, 2018, a machine with a cost of $17,000 and a book value of $2,975 at date of disposition was scrapped without cash recovery.

Required:

1. Prepare a schedule analyzing the changes in each of the plant asset accounts during 2018. Do not analyze changes in accumulated depreciation and amortization.
2. For each asset category, prepare a schedule showing depreciation or amortization expense for the year ended December 31, 2018.

At December 31, 2017, Cord Company's plant asset and accumulated depreciation and amortization accounts had balances as follows: Category Plant Asset Accumulated Depreciation and Amortization Land $ 173,000 $ — Buildings 1,400,000 326,900 Machinery and equipment 1,025,000 315,500 Automobiles and trucks 170,000 98,325 Leasehold improvements 212,000 106,000 Land improvements — — Depreciation methods and useful lives: Buildings—150% declining balance; 25 years. Machinery and equipment—Straight line; 10 years. Automobiles and trucks—150% declining balance; 5 years, all acquired after 2014. Leasehold improvements—Straight line. Land improvements—Straight line. Depreciation is computed to the nearest month and residual values are immaterial. Transactions during 2018 and other information: On January 6, 2018, a plant facility consisting of land and building was acquired from King Corp. in exchange for 23,000 shares of Cord's common stock. On this date, Cord's stock had a fair value of $50 a share. Current assessed values of land and building for property tax purposes are $182,500 and $547,500, respectively. On March 25, 2018, new parking lots, streets, and sidewalks at the acquired plant facility were completed at a total cost of $180,000. These expenditures had an estimated useful life of 12 years. The leasehold improvements were completed on December 31, 2014, and had an estimated useful life of eight years. The related lease, which would terminate on December 31, 2020, was renewable for an additional four-year term. On April 30, 2018, Cord exercised the renewal option. On July 1, 2018, machinery and equipment were purchased at a total invoice cost of $323,000. Additional costs of $10,000 for delivery and $48,000 for installation were incurred. On August 30, 2018, Cord purchased a new automobile for $12,300. On September 30, 2018, a truck with a cost of $23,800 and a book value of $8,800 on date of sale was sold for $11,300. Depreciation for the nine months ended September 30, 2018, was $1,980. On December 20, 2018, a machine with a cost of $16,000 and a book value of $2,925 at date of disposition was scrapped without cash recovery. Required: 1. Prepare a schedule analyzing the changes in each of the plant asset accounts during 2018. Do not analyze changes in accumulated depreciation and amortization. 2. For each asset category, prepare a schedule showing depreciation or amortization expense for the year ended December 31, 2018.

At December 31, 2017, Cord Company's plant asset and accumulated depreciation and amortization accounts had balances as follows:

At December 31, 2017, Cord Company's plant asset and accumulated depreciation and amortization accounts had balances as follows:

Depreciation methods and useful lives:
Buildings—150% declining balance; 25 years.
Machinery and equipment—Straight line; 10 years.
Automobiles and trucks—150% declining balance; 5 years, all acquired after 2014.
Leasehold improvements—Straight line.
Land improvements—Straight line.

Depreciation is computed to the nearest month and residual values are immaterial. Transactions during 2018 and other information:

On January 6, 2018, a plant facility consisting of land and building was acquired from King Corp. in exchange for 31,000 shares of Cord's common stock. On this date, Cord's stock had a fair value of $50 a share. Current assessed values of land and building for property tax purposes are $202,500 and $607,500, respectively.

On March 25, 2018, new parking lots, streets, and sidewalks at the acquired plant facility were completed at a total cost of $228,000. These expenditures had an estimated useful life of 12 years.

The leasehold improvements were completed on December 31, 2014, and had an estimated useful life of eight years. The related lease, which would terminate on December 31, 2020, was renewable for an additional four-year term. On April 30, 2018, Cord exercised the renewal option.

On July 1, 2018, machinery and equipment were purchased at a total invoice cost of $331,000. Additional costs of $10,000 for delivery and $56,000 for installation were incurred.

On August 30, 2018, Cord purchased a new automobile for $13,100.

On September 30, 2018, a truck with a cost of $24,600 and a book value of $10,200 on date of sale was sold for $12,100. Depreciation for the nine months ended September 30, 2018, was $2,295.

On December 20, 2018, a machine with a cost of $20,000 and a book value of $3,125 at date of disposition was scrapped without cash recovery.

Required:

1. Prepare a schedule analyzing the changes in each of the plant asset accounts during 2018. Do not analyze changes in accumulated depreciation and amortization.
2. For each asset category, prepare a schedule showing depreciation or amortization expense for the year ended December 31, 2018.

At December 31, 2017, Cord Company's plant asset and accumulated depreciation and amortization accounts had balances as follows:

Depreciation methods and useful lives:
Buildings—150% declining balance; 25 years.
Machinery and equipment—Straight line; 10 years.
Automobiles and trucks—150% declining balance; 5 years, all acquired after 2014.
Leasehold improvements—Straight line.
Land improvements—Straight line.

Depreciation is computed to the nearest month and residual values are immaterial. Transactions during 2018 and other information:

On January 6, 2018, a plant facility consisting of land and building was acquired from King Corp. in exchange for 21,000 shares of Cord's common stock. On this date, Cord's stock had a fair value of $40 a share. Current assessed values of land and building for property tax purposes are $142,000 and $568,000, respectively.

On March 25, 2018, new parking lots, streets, and sidewalks at the acquired plant facility were completed at a total cost of $168,000. These expenditures had an estimated useful life of 12 years.

The leasehold improvements were completed on December 31, 2014, and had an estimated useful life of eight years. The related lease, which would terminate on December 31, 2020, was renewable for an additional four-year term. On April 30, 2018, Cord exercised the renewal option.

On July 1, 2018, machinery and equipment were purchased at a total invoice cost of $321,000. Additional costs of $12,000 for delivery and $46,000 for installation were incurred.

On August 30, 2018, Cord purchased a new automobile for $12,100.

On September 30, 2018, a truck with a cost of $23,600 and a book value of $8,400 on date of sale was sold for $11,100. Depreciation for the nine months ended September 30, 2018, was $1,890.

On December 20, 2018, a machine with a cost of $15,000 and a book value of $2,875 at date of disposition was scrapped without cash recovery.

Required:

1. Prepare a schedule analyzing the changes in each of the plant asset accounts during 2018. Do not analyze changes in accumulated depreciation and amortization.
2. For each asset category, prepare a schedule showing depreciation or amortization expense for the year ended December 31, 2018.

At December 31, 2017, Cord Company's plant asset and accumulated depreciation and amortization accounts had balances as follows:

Depreciation methods and useful lives:
Buildings—150% declining balance; 25 years.
Machinery and equipment—Straight line; 10 years.
Automobiles and trucks—150% declining balance; 5 years, all acquired after 2014.
Leasehold improvements—Straight line.
Land improvements—Straight line.

Depreciation is computed to the nearest month and residual values are immaterial. Transactions during 2018 and other information:

On January 6, 2018, a plant facility consisting of land and building was acquired from King Corp. in exchange for 20,000 shares of Cord's common stock. On this date, Cord's stock had a fair value of $50 a share. Current assessed values of land and building for property tax purposes are $175,000 and $525,000, respectively.

On March 25, 2018, new parking lots, streets, and sidewalks at the acquired plant facility were completed at a total cost of $162,000. These expenditures had an estimated useful life of 12 years.

The leasehold improvements were completed on December 31, 2014, and had an estimated useful life of eight years. The related lease, which would terminate on December 31, 2020, was renewable for an additional four-year term. On April 30, 2018, Cord exercised the renewal option.

On July 1, 2018, machinery and equipment were purchased at a total invoice cost of $320,000. Additional costs of $10,000 for delivery and $45,000 for installation were incurred.

On August 30, 2018, Cord purchased a new automobile for $12,000.

On September 30, 2018, a truck with a cost of $23,500 and a book value of $8,200 on date of sale was sold for $11,000. Depreciation for the nine months ended September 30, 2018, was $1,845.

On December 20, 2018, a machine with a cost of $14,500 and a book value of $2,850 at date of disposition was scrapped without cash recovery.

Required:

1. Prepare a schedule analyzing the changes in each of the plant asset accounts during 2018. Do not analyze changes in accumulated depreciation and amortization.
2. For each asset category, prepare a schedule showing depreciation or amortization expense for the year ended December 31, 2018.

At December 31, 2017, Cord Company's plant asset and accumulated depreciation and amortization accounts had balances as follows:

Depreciation methods and useful lives:
Buildings—150% declining balance; 25 years.
Machinery and equipment—Straight line; 10 years.
Automobiles and trucks—150% declining balance; 5 years, all acquired after 2014.
Leasehold improvements—Straight line.
Land improvements—Straight line.

Depreciation is computed to the nearest month and residual values are immaterial. Transactions during 2018 and other information:

On January 6, 2018, a plant facility consisting of land and building was acquired from King Corp. in exchange for 30,000 shares of Cord's common stock. On this date, Cord's stock had a fair value of $40 a share. Current assessed values of land and building for property tax purposes are $160,000 and $640,000, respectively.

On March 25, 2018, new parking lots, streets, and sidewalks at the acquired plant facility were completed at a total cost of $222,000. These expenditures had an estimated useful life of 12 years.

The leasehold improvements were completed on December 31, 2014, and had an estimated useful life of eight years. The related lease, which would terminate on December 31, 2020, was renewable for an additional four-year term. On April 30, 2018, Cord exercised the renewal option.

On July 1, 2018, machinery and equipment were purchased at a total invoice cost of $330,000. Additional costs of $12,000 for delivery and $55,000 for installation were incurred.

On August 30, 2018, Cord purchased a new automobile for $13,000.

On September 30, 2018, a truck with a cost of $24,500 and a book value of $10,000 on date of sale was sold for $12,000. Depreciation for the nine months ended September 30, 2018, was $2,250.

On December 20, 2018, a machine with a cost of $19,500 and a book value of $3,100 at date of disposition was scrapped without cash recovery.

Required:

1. Prepare a schedule analyzing the changes in each of the plant asset accounts during 2018. Do not analyze changes in accumulated depreciation and amortization.
2. For each asset category, prepare a schedule showing depreciation or amortization expense for the year ended December 31, 2018.