Peter is a twenty-year-old Caucasian college student referred for counseling by the dean of academic affairs. Peter has been suspended from school for drinking and fighting on two occasions over the past six weeks. He has a history of recurrent detentions and classroom dismissals for similar, though less severe, behavior since high school. Peter was suspended for having a pint of vodka and a small quantity of marijuana in his locker. Peter has recently started experiencing mood swings and is feeling depressed and agitated. Earlier, having felt that the stress of home life was the root cause of his depression, Peter thought that leaving home and living on-campus would resolve his mood swings. He has been practicing self-medication with marijuana and alcohol. He disclosed that he had been prescribed medication for depression when he was in high school but has since then stopped all medication and follow-up on mental health counseling. Presently, he has no desire to enter or seek treatment voluntarily. He has come in for therapy only to avoid being expelled from the college. He denies having any problem with either alcohol or drugs and feels marijuana should be legalized. In addition, he compares his alcohol and drug use to others' and does not think his intake of substances is a problem. He feels that everyone is just picking on him; he works hard and should be allowed to do. He takes alcohol or marijuana because he just wants to relax after a tough day's work.

QUESTIONS:

how might the interventions within IDDT be structured? That is, what type of psychological intervention might work best? What type of educational and social interventions might be best?

Article

When kids are diagnosed with a learning disability we naturally worry about how it will affect their school performance. What we often don’t think about, but should, is how having a learning disability may affect children emotionally.

Not all kids with a learning disability become frustrated, sad, or anxious, but it is pretty common for kids to go through at least some period of emotional struggle. It isn’t easy for children when they see themselves falling behind their peers at school. Even if they pretend that they don’t notice or care, struggling in school can be a demoralizing experience. Here are some signs that kids might be struggling emotionally:

Lowered self-esteem

Increased anxiety, particularly in academic situations

Increased sadness or irritability

Acting out

Physical symptoms like headaches or stomach aches

Reduced motivation

Some of the signs, like crying or worrying, can be obvious, while others, like acting out, are more frequently misunderstood. Laura Phillips, PsyD, a neuropsychologist at the Child Mind Institute, explains the dynamic. “Sometimes kids would rather be the ‘bad’ kid than the ‘dumb’ kid, or they’d rather be the class clown. They’re either trying to divert attention away from their academic struggles or they’re trying to have the ‘I don’t care’ attitude as a way of saving face.”

In addition to getting kids help for a learning issue—strengthening skills and finding strategies that play to their strengths—parents should think about the emotional needs of a child. If you see signs that your child is struggling, try to understand what specifically is troubling him. Below are the three most common reasons why kids with a learning disability might feel bad, and what to do about them.

1. Kids think they are “dumb.”

This is a particularly big one during the period before a child has received a diagnosis. Children often notice if they aren’t learning at the same pace as the other kids, and can assume it is because they just aren’t smart. Unfortunately, kids can keep believing they aren’t smart to even after they are diagnosed with a learning disability.

What to do:

Make sure your child understands what a learning disability is.“Kids might not know, but by definition, a learning disability means that a student is of at least average intelligence,” explains Dr. Phillips. In fact, a learning disability is identified when an expert recognizes that a child is not performing up to her natural ability in a particular area. Hearing explicitly that a learning disability has nothing to do with intelligence can be very meaningful to kids.

Talk it through. Ideally you, your child, and whoever is working with your child should talk about the learning disability together. Sometimes parents think kids won’t understand, but a learning expert can help you find developmentally appropriate language to use.

Think about the messages you are sending. Children are very sensitive to their parents’ emotions, and if they sense that you are uncomfortable with their diagnosis, or that you think that having a learning disability is a bad thing, they will probably feel the same way.

Examine your own feelings. Because learning disabilities in children can be genetic, sometimes seeing a child struggling can also bring back difficult memories for parents, or make them feel guilty. You may want to schedule a separate appointment to discuss any questions or concerns you have with your child’s provider. The best way to help your child feel more positive is if you start feeling positive, too.

2. Kids feel like they stick out in class.

The last thing most kids want is to look different from their friends. So when kids get pulled out of class for help or called on by the teacher for something they’re afraid they can’t deliver, they may feel embarrassed and singled out. These experiences day after day can damage a child’s self-esteem and make her dread going to school.

What to do:

Ask teachers to be sensitive to how kids are feeling. Dr. Phillips says that she sometimes works with schools to help teachers understand how a particular student’s learning disability is impacting him emotionally. When a child is very anxious about reading, for example, she has advised teachers to wait for him to raise his hand and offer to read instead of calling on him blindly. If his teacher needs to assess his oral reading because it’s part of the curriculum, it might be better to do that privately. Students and teachers can also work out a subtle signal the student can use when he needs help or feels himself getting too frustrated.

Single kids out for praise, too. Kids who are struggling in school may feel like they are mostly getting negative attention. When teachers make a special effort to give kids positive attention for the things that they are doing right—even little things—it can improve their mood and confidence. Dr. Phillips notes this is also a powerful technique for teachers to use with a child who tends to act out to divert attention.

Find the right academic environment. Sometimes kids feel like they stick out because they need more assistance than they are currently getting. Work with the school and your child’s provider to consider what his needs are and if they are being met. He may need more accommodations, a different kind of help, or even a change of school. Dr. Phillips notes that there are some specialized schools that offer remedial support in school as part of an individualized curriculum rather than making it a separate after-school activity. These schools may also be better prepared to support each child’s specific social, emotional, and behavioral needs.

Question.....

1.Why did you choose this particular article?

2.What type of inclusion does this particular article cover (what kind of support is it giving and to whom)?

3.How could/would you use the information in your particular article/video?

4.Have you seen anything like this before? Do you think it could be effective in the classroom? Why or why not?

5.Why should someone else in class review your article?

The ski season started in Mount Sunapee! The ski and snowboard rental shop is located in the ski lodge area and offers a large selection of current snowboards, shaped skis, and helmets for children, women, and men. The winter rental shop is open every day that Mount Sunapee is open for skiing. The rental store maintains a current inventory of quality rental equipment with all rental equipment inventory replaced on a normal rotation basis every three to four years.

The owner of the store wants to understand better the factors that affect the demand for his ski and snowboard rental shop, so he can plan his capacity better. In particular, he wants to know how different factors, as the day of month, weekends, weather or school breaks affect their demand.

You will find data on number of rentals per day for December 2015 in this spreadsheet:

Part 1

Let’s start creating a linear regression model of daily shaped ski rentals as a function of the day of month only. Are the regression coefficients statistically significant at p=0.01?

Select the best answer

1.Neither β0 nor β1 are statistically significant at p=0.01.

2.Both β0 and β1 are statistically significant at p=0.01.

3.Only β0 is statistically significant at p=0.01.

4.Only β1 is statistically significant at p=0.01.

Part 2

The owner of the winter rental shop wants you to analyze how weekends affect his daily demand for shaped ski rentals, since he has noticed that more people rent shaped skis on weekend days (e.g. Saturday and Sunday) than on weekdays (e.g. Monday through Friday). Create a regression model of shaped skis daily rentals as a function of weekends. Use as only independent variable a dummy variable with a value of 1 for weekend days and 0 for the weekdays.

What is the ?2 value for this model?

Part 3

Based on your previous experience working on another ski rental shop located in Vermont (US), you believe that school breaks affect the daily rental demand for shaped skis. You also think that a better model could be obtained by using a multiple regression approach. Your proposal is to analyze three different models to predict shaped ski rentals using two independent variables in each model: (A) one model using the day of month and weekend as the independent variables, (B) another using the day of month and school break as independent variables, and (C) a last one using weekend and school break as independent variables. Which of these models is the best considering predictive power and statistical significance of coefficients?

Select the best answer

1.The model using the day of month and weekend is the best

2.The model using the day of month and school break is the best

3.The model using weekend and school break is the best

4.The model using only weekend (from Part 2) is better than any of these

Part 4

Create now a multivariate regression model using three independent variables: weekend, school break, and weather as predictors of the shaped ski rentals. For weather use a dummy variable with a value of 1 for those days that the quality of snow were good.

What is the adjusted ?2 value for this model?

Part 5

According to the previous (Part 4) multivariate regression model that you have created using three independent variables: weekend, school break, and weather as predictors of the shaped ski rentals, which is the value of the intercept?

Instruction: please summarize this entire case study in three pages. (The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation)

The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation Growing up in Seattle, William H. Gates III was a slender, intense boy with a messy room and a dazzling mind. At age seven or eight he read the entire World Book Encyclopedia. At his family’s church the minister challenged young congregants to earn a free dinner by memorizing the Sermon on the Mount, a passage covering Chapters 5, 6, and 7 in the Book of Matthew. At age 11 young Bill became the only one, in 25 years of the minister’s experience, ever to recite every word perfectly, never stumbling, never erring. 1 Yet Christianity itself never attracted Gates. Years later he would remark, “There’s a lot more I could be doing on a Sunday morning,” an incongruous conviction for one who would become devoted to serving the poor. 2 His brilliance, however, was lasting. At private Lakeside prep school he was a prodigy, often challenging his teachers in class. Obsessed with computers in their then-primitive form, he stayed up all night writing code, a routine that would stay with him. He also read biographies of great historical figures to enter their minds and understand how they succeeded. After high school he attended Harvard University hoping to find an atmosphere of exciting erudition. Instead, he grew bored and left to pursue a fascination with computers. At age 19, Gates founded Microsoft Corporation with his Lakeside School friend Paul Allen. As its leader he was energetic, independent, and confrontational. He developed the reputation of a fanatical competitor willing to appropriate any technology and crush market rivals. He built a dominant business and by 1987, at age 31, he was a billionaire. Microsoft’s stock took flight, making more billions for Gates. However, even as he became the world’s richest man he remained absorbed in running the corporation.

References :1 James Wallace and Jim Erickson, Hard Drive: Bill Gates and the Making of the Microsoft Empire (New York: HarperBusiness, 1992), pp. 6–7. 2 Garrison Keillor, “Faith at the Speed of Light,” Time, July 14, 1999, p. 25.

He put little energy into charity, thinking it could wait until he grew old. But the world expected more. Requests for good deeds and contributions poured in. Gates responded with the help of his father, who worked in a home basement office handling his son’s donations. In 1994, Gates formalized his giving by creating the William H. Gates Foundation and endowing it with $94 million. His father agreed to manage it from the basement. Eventually, this arrangement evolved into the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, which included the name of his wife and was run by a professional staff from its new headquarters in Seattle. A foundation is essentially an organization with a pool of money for giving to nonprofit and charitable causes. It is not taxed if it gives out at least 5 percent of its funds each year. Bill Gates gave his foundation $16 billion in Microsoft stock in 2000. Since then he has given more. Today the Foundation is endowed with $37 billion, making it the world’s largest. It has two parts. One part decides what projects to fund. So far, more than $25 billion has been given out. The other part manages the endowment by investing the money to make it grow. The Gateses are deeply involved in the foundation’s work, which is based on a pair of “simple values” that inspire them. One is that “all lives—no matter where they are being led—have equal value,” and the other is that “to whom much is given, much is expected.” Giving is tightly focused on three areas—global health, poverty in developing nations, and U.S. public education. Because the foundation’s endowment is unprecedentedly large, more than the gross domestic products (GDPs) of 107 countries, its goals are ambitious. One is to correct market signals that cause modern medicine to neglect diseases of the poor, thus failing to value all lives equally. Pursuing this goal, the foundation has spent more than $3.8 billion on basic vaccinations for newborns in countries with low GDPs, preventing so far an estimated 3.4 million deaths. 3 It purchases such massive amounts of vaccines that prices fall, allowing doses for millions more children. It spends billions more to create new vaccines for tropical parasitic diseases and to fight a resurgence of polio in Africa. Bill Gates is characteristically intense, impatient, and direct in the quest to save lives. Learning that the global health staff was paying big travel grants for people to fly to meetings, he issued a curt memo about “rich people flying around to talk to other rich people.” He lectured the staff: “Our net effect should be to save years of life for well under $100, so, if we waste even $500,000, we are wasting 5,000 years of life.”

References: 4 Bill Gates at 31, already a billionaire. Source: © Ed Kashi/CORBIS. 3 Statement of Helen Evans, “State of the World’s Vaccines and Immunization Report 2009,” GAVI Alliance, October 31, 2009, at www.gavialliance.org. 4 Quoted in Andrew Jack, “Gates Foundation: Smaller Funds, Hard Decisions,” FT.com, September 30, 2009, at www.ft.com.

In 2006 Bill Gates’ friend Warren Buffett, chairman of Berkshire Hathaway and, at the time, the world’s second-richest man, decided to give most of his wealth away and made a bequest of 10 million shares of Berkshire Hathaway to the Gates Foundation. He believed Bill and Melinda Gates were doing such a superior job he could do no better and, rather than manage billions of dollars of giving on his own, he left his legacy in their hands. At the time, his gift was worth $31 billion, a sum that roughly doubled the Gates endowment. It arrives in annual installments of between $1 billion and $2 billion. The Gates Foundation confronts enormous social problems. Poverty and disease defy solution. Spending large sums in poor nations is a challenge. Corruption diverts funds. Agencies lack capacity. When infant lives are saved by vaccination, more people live to seek ordinary care. Some nations struggle to provide even the most basic care due to shortages of doctors and nurses. Thus, children are saved from diphtheria only to die in large numbers from common diarrhea. 5 Improving education is another nightmare. After spending $1 billion over six years to make small high schools better, an analysis showed that attendance, graduation rates, and test scores on basic subjects were lower than at similar schools not funded by the Gates Foundation. 6 Despite its magnificence, the Gates Foundation attracts critics. It is directed by only three trustees–Bill and Melinda Gates and Warren Buffet–putting its multibilliondollar expenditures in the hands of just two families. 7 It has been called an elitist, antidemocratic institution subsidized by taxpayers (through its tax exemptions) but having no accountability to society. 8 Suspicions are raised that its grants, being so big, shape the world’s health agenda and distort research priorities, for example, by overemphasizing vaccines for tropical diseases as opposed to other forms of treatment. 9 However, the Gateses and Warren Buffet want to extend the example set by their philanthropy. In 2009 they arranged a series of small, confidential dinners attended by fellow billionaires. Guests were asked to pledge the majority of their wealth to charity, either during their lifetime or at death, each one determining which causes to fund. Over the next year this initiative was formalized in a “Giving Pledge” joined by 40 billionaires. 10 Their pledges are moral commitments; they are not monitored or enforced as legal contracts. The Gateses and Buffet hope to spread the initiative to other nations. Their goal is to divert wealth from the very rich to enlarge the scope of global philanthropy for generations to come.

References :5 Laurie Garrett, “The Challenge of Global Health,” Foreign Affairs, January/February 2007. 6 The National Institutes of High School Transformation, Evaluation of the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation’s High School Grants Initiative: 2001–2005 Final Report (Washington, DC: American Institutes for Research, 2006), pp. 9–10. 7 Pablo Eisenberg, “The Gates-Buffett Merger Isn’t Good for Philanthropy,” Chronicle of Philanthropy, July 20, 2006, p. 33. 8 “Philanthropic World Voices Mixed Reaction on Buffett’s Gift to Gates Fund,” Chronicle of Philanthropy, July 20, 2006, p. 12, comment of Rick Cohen. 9 David McCoy, et al., “The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation’s Grant-Making Programme for Global Health,” The Lancet, May 9, 2009, p. 1652. 10 Carol J. Loomis, “The $600 Billion Challenge,” Fortune, July 5, 2010.

Philanthropy is one method for converting wealth to social value. Bill Gates and Warren Buffet follow a long tradition of rich capitalists who make fortunes, then later in life spend their wealth on works of kindness. In this chapter we will expand on the subject of philanthropy. First, however, we look at how managers implement social responsibility efforts within their firms. Social responsibility, like any other corporate goal, must be systematically planned, organized, and carried out. We will set forth a model of how this can be done

Case Study

Identifying Factors:

Carmen Matthews is a 41-year-old separated Hispanic mother of two children, ages 10 and 12. She works full-time as a real estate agent. She is referred by her counselor.

Chief Complaint:

“I am so worried all the time. I feel like I’m caught in a nightmare.”

History of Present Illness:

The patient reports increased anxiety since her husband abruptly left town with his secretary about 8 months ago. She complains of constant worrying about paying her bills because of a downturn in the real estate market that reduced her income. Three months ago, she began to have more difficulty falling asleep, reporting that it can take her as much as 2 to 3 hours because she can’t stop worrying about how to provide for her children and how she will ever keep up with her mortgage and auto payments.

She estimates her total sleep to be 4 hours a night. In addition to difficulty falling asleep, she complains of fatigue, impaired concentration, and muscle tension, which are having a detrimental effect on her performance at work She also complains of frequent headaches, which are not typical for her. She denies depressed mood or suicidal ideation, intent, and plan. She describes herself as a strong, positive person who has always been able to deal with her own problems, although she admits that she has always had a tendency to worry. She has no family in town and few close friends.

Current Medications:

None.

Substance Abuse:

Carmen denies use of alcohol, tobacco, and all other licit or illicit drugs. She drinks about 4 cups of tea a day.

what would be the patient’s psychiatric diagnosis using the DSM 5?

What additional information would have been helpful?

What would you include in a biopsychosocial treatment plan for the patient in addition to pharmacotherapy?

Three years ago, Vincent Chow completed his college degree. The economy was in a depressed

state at the time, and Vincent managed to get an offer of only $25,000 per year as a bookkeeper. In

addition to its relatively low pay, this job had limited advancement potential. Since Vincent was an

enterprising and ambitious young man, he instead started a business of his own. He was convinced

that because of changing lifestyles, a drive-through coffee establishment would be profitable. He

was able to obtain backing from his parents to open such an establishment close to the industrial

park area in town. Vincent named his business The Cappuccino Express and decided to sell only

two types of coffee: cappuccino and decaffeinated.

As Vincent had expected, The Cappuccino Express was very well received. Within three

years, Vincent had added another outlet north of town. He left the day-to-day management of each

site to a manager and turned his attention toward overseeing the entire enterprise. He also hired an

assistant to do the record keeping and other selected chores.

REQUIRED

a. Develop an organization chart for The Cappuccino Express.

b. What factors can be expected to have a major impact on the success of The Cappuccino

Express?

c. What major tasks must Vincent undertake in managing The Cappuccino Express?

d. What are the major costs of operating The Cappuccino Express?

e. Vincent would like to monitor the performance of each site manager. What measure(s) of

performance should he use?

f. If you suggested more than one measure, which of these should Vincent select if he could use

only one?

g. Suppose that last year, the original site had yielded total revenues of $146,000, total costs

of $122,000, and hence, a profit of $24,000. Vincent had judged this profit performance to

be satisfactory. For the coming year, Vincent expects that due to factors such as increased

name recognition and demographic changes, the total revenues will increase by 20 percent to

$175,200. What amount of profit should he expect from the site? Discuss the issues involved

in developing an estimate of profit.

(Correct you answer to 4 decimal places and report the measurement unit when applicable)

Question (a) State which test (z-test, t-test, ANOVA, χ2 test) is most suitable for each of the following cases:

(i) A report claims that 60%, 30%, and 10% of primary kids go to school on foot, by school bus, and by public transport. Test, if the same ratio applied for secondary kids.

(ii) A survey has interviewed 20 kids. Each kid reported the amount of red-packet money he or she has received in year 2019 and year 2018. Test, if the amount of red-packet money received has been increased from year 2018 to year 2019.

(b) A mobile phone manufacturer has designed a new model of mobile phone and has invited 40 customers to take part in a trial session. After the trial session, the customers are invited to state their comments on the phone as well as to indicate how much they are willing to pay for this mobile phone. The results indicate that on the average a customer is willing to spend $5500 for it. Assume that the population standard deviation is the same as the old model, which is $1150. The director of the manufacturer suggests selling this new mobile phone at $6000. Test, at 3% significant level, whether the result collected from the trial session indicates the population mean amount a customer is willing to pay for this mobile phone is lower than the director’s suggestion.

(c) A recent research has been done on finding the relationship between alcohol content and the calories in 12-ounce beer.

(i) A researcher has studied the above figure and found that one of the drinks cannot be classified as beer and should be excluded from the following study. State the name of this drink.

(ii) Fit a regression line y = a + bx using the data above, exclude the drink stated in part (i), to predict the calories content in 12-ounce beer from its alcohol content.

(iii) Interpret the values of a and b in the regression line in part (ii).

(iv) Calculate the correlation coefficient between x and y, with the drink stated in part (i) is excluded. Comment on the relationship between the calories content in 12-ounce beer and its alcohol content.

(v) Estimate the calories content in 12-ounce beer when the alcohol content of an extra brand of drink is 6.50%

Angela Fox and Zooey Caulfield were food and nutrition majors at State University, as well as close friends and roommates. Upon graduation Angela and Zooey decided to open a French restaurant in Draperton, the small town where the university was located. There were no other French restaurants in Draperton, and the possibility of doing something new and somewhat risky intrigued the two friends. They purchased an old Victorian home just off Main Street for their new restaurant, which they named “The Possibility.” Angela and Zooey knew in advance that at least initially they could not offer a full, varied menu of dishes. They had no idea what their local customers’ tastes in French cuisine would be, so they decided to serve only two full-course meals each night, one with beef and the other with fish. Their chef, Pierre, was confident he could make each dish so exciting and unique that two meals would be sufficient, at least until they could assess which menu items were most popular. Pierre indicated that with each meal he could experiment with different appetizers, soups, salads, vegetable dishes, and desserts until they were able to identify a full selection of menu items. The next problem for Angela and Zooey was to determine how many meals to prepare for each night so they could shop for ingredients and set up the work schedule. They could not afford too much waste. They estimated that they would sell a maximum of 60 meals each night. Each fish dinner, including all accompaniments, requires 15 minutes to prepare, and each beef dinner takes twice as long. There is a total of 20 hours of kitchen staff labor available each day. Angela and Zooey believe that because of the health consciousness of their potential clientele, they will sell at least three fish dinners for every two beef dinners. The profit from each fish dinner will be approximately $12, and the profit from a beef dinner will be about $16. - Formulate a linear programming model for Angela and Zooey that will help them estimate the number of meals they should prepare each night and solve this model graphically. * Please show graph and how to optimize step by step*

Authentic Car Services is the only transportation provider in a midsized county, about 65 miles outside of a major city. Licensed by the local government, the firm provides door to door service between the residents’ homes, the train station (which connects to the major city), local retail stores, and other key locations within and surrounding the town center. To access the service, residents may call for a specific pick-up time, or they could wait by any curb for an unscheduled curbside pick-up.

The market demand for transportation services is described by the equations: P = 8 – 0.015Q and MR = 8 – 0.03Q, where Q is the number of trips per week.

With regular maintenance on its fleet of vehicles as well as outstanding loan payments, the firm faces a weekly fixed cost of $200.

Authentic Car Services’ labor force includes drivers and dispatchers, and all report to work if the firm is providing service. Along with the labor force and the necessary materials needed for day-to-day operation, the firm’s additional costs can be described by the equations: MC = 2 + 0.01Q and AVC = 2 + 0.005Q, where Q is the number of trips per week.

1. Currently, Authentic Car Services provides _________ trips per week and charges $_________ for each trip.

2. At the current profit-maximizing quantity, Authentic Car Services’ profit is $______ per week.

3. The current market outcome ______ (either is or is not | is | is not ) efficient and a measure of this ______ (efficiency | efficiency or inefficiency | inefficiency) is $ _______.

Now consider that consumers’ income increases, and transportation services is a normal good. As a result, the new market demand for transportation services is described by one of the following equation sets:

Equation A: P = 7 – 0.015Q, and MR = 7 – 0.03Q

Equation B: P = 10 – 0.015Q and MR = 10 – 0.03Q

The market fully adjusts after the demand shock.

4. As a result of the shock, the new market demand is described by Equation ____ (A | B) .  Authentic Car Services now provides ______ trips per week and charges $_____ for each trip.

5. As a result of the shock, consumers’ surplus has decreased. Now, Authentic Car Services has _________ (a higher | a lower | no change in its) economic profit, and the overall market _______ (efficiency | efficiency or inefficiency | inefficiency) has _________ (decreased to | increased to | remains the same at ) $.___________.

Harry, Liam and Zayn have formed a business partnership. They own and manage a winery in the Adelaide Hills called One Direction. Zayn makes the wine. Harry and Liam are responsible for running the business and the cellar door.   They hold a meeting, and all decide to spend some money refurbishing the cellar door with new tables, chairs and lighting.    When they started the winery, they dealt with Niall who gave them a great deal on the original furniture at his business Best Restaurant Buys (BRB) and since then purchased additional lighting from him.
Both Harry and Zayn visit the shop, having all agreed on a maximum dollar amount to be spent on the refurbishments. They choose a particular set of tables and chairs and order the required number. Following this purchase, Harry leaves town for his annual, month long holiday.
Meanwhile when Zayn calls into Best Restaurant Buys the following day, he notices some chairs were upholstered in leather instead of the vinyl which he and Harry had chosen. Even though they cost more than five times the chosen chairs, taking the cost well over the agreed amount, Zayn changes the order and purchases these for the cellar door, as he thinks they would give the cellar a much more ‘up-market’ look. He does not inform Liam and thinks he should not bother Harry on his holiday.
When Harry returns and he and Liam see the amount owing for the new furniture, they are furious with Zayn and claim that Zayn had no authority to change the order and will have to pay the extra amount himself. Liam adds that as he had nothing to do with the choice of chairs, he is not liable. With business being a bit slow, and with the other refurbishment costs, the partnership funds are too low to pay the extra amount.
Zayn argues the furniture is for the partnership and, in any case, he now has no money. Zayn and his wife Gigi were in the process of separating and Zayn reveals that Gigi has taken all their money from their bank accounts. Best Restaurant Buys has threatened to sue all three if payment is not made immediately.
Using the Partnership Act 1891 (SA) and relevant cases, discuss the legal issues relevant to the partnership explaining who is liable for the debt.