of the three men, the chances that of politician, a businessman, of an academician will be appointed as a vice-chancellor (vc) of a university are 0.5,0.3 and 0.2 respectively. Probability that the research is promoted to become vc of the university politician, businessman, and academician 0.3, 0.7, and 0.8 respectively. a) determine the probability that research is promoted. b) if reserch is promoted, what is the probability that vc is and academician?

1. Read the following article excerpt: Sweetened-beverage sales in Seattle dropped 30% after soda tax, new study says The Columbian https://www.columbian.com/news/2020/feb/23/sweetened-beverage-sales-in-seattle-dropped-30- after-soda-tax-new-study-says/

By Daniel Beekman, The Seattle Times Published: February 23, 2020, 1:45pm

Sales of sugar-sweetened beverages at stores in Seattle dropped about 30.5% in the months after the city adopted a tax on such beverages, says a new study that also looked at sales at stores in Portland, which has no such tax. Sales in Portland declined only 10.5%, suggesting sales in Seattle dropped much more than they would have without a tax, according to the peer-reviewed study by University of Illinois at Chicago researchers.

The study’s results are the first to measure the impact of Seattle’s tax on beverage sales in the city, and they may bolster claims by supporters that the controversial policy is working as intended.

“From a public health perspective, this is good,” said Jay Krieger, a University of Washington professor who heads the nonprofit Healthy Food America. “People are purchasing less sugary drinks, and we know that sugary drinks are associated with heart disease, diabetes, high blood pressure and strokes.” Seattle’s tax of 1.75 cents per fluid ounce, which took effect on Jan. 1, 2018, is charged to distributors of sugar-sweetened beverages.

Distributors can pass the tax on to stores, and stores to consumers. Proponents said the tax would reduce soda sales and raise money for health and education programs.

Your task 1: Explain, with the aid of a diagram, how a soda tax such as the one described above would impact consumers, producers and society more generally.

Your task 2: Comment on whether or not you support such a tax and why.

QUESTION #2 Part A Lunenberg Ltd, a publicly accountable enterprise, began business on January 1, 2015 and follows IFRS. Its pretax accounting income for the first two years was as follows: 2015 $ 80,000 2016 150,000

The following items caused the only differences between pretax accounting income and taxable income.

1. In 2015, the company collected $75,000 in rental revenue; of this amount, $25,000 was earned in 2015; the other $50,000 will be earned equally during 2016 and 2017. The full $75,000 was included in taxable income in 2015.

2. The company pays $5,000 in 2015and 2016 for membership in a local golf club.

3. In 2016, the company terminated a top executive and agreed to pay $30,000 severance pay. This will be paid $10,000 each year for three years, starting in 2016. The 2016 payment was made. The entire $30,000 was expensed in 2016 for book purposes.

For tax purposes, the severance pay is deductible only when it is paid.

The enacted tax rates at December 31, 2015 are: 2015 30% 2017 40% 2016 35% 2018 40%

Instructions:

(a) Calculate taxable income and income tax payable for 2015 and 2016

(b) Calculate the deferred income tax asset and/or liability at the end of 2015, and prepare the adjusting journal entries to record income taxes for 2015

The following is the adjusted trial balance for Miller Company.

NOTE: I'M GETTING 7840 FOR INCOME SUMMARY AND RETAINED EARNINGS, BUT THE HOMEWORK SYSTEM SAYS ITS WRONG, HELP PLEASE!

Prepare closing entries. If an amount box does not require an entry, leave it blank or "0".

Feedback

Partially correct

Prepare the post closing trial balance. If an amount box does not require an entry, leave it blank or "0".

Question 2 “If a company is in financial difficulty, a secured creditor or the court may put the company into receivership.”

REQUIRED: Answer the following questions in relation to receivership. Please support your analysis with relevant legislation and/or case law.

a) Who/what is a receiver? Who appoints a receiver and why?

b) What is the effect of the receiver’s appointment on

• the company;

• the directors;

• shareholders;

• secured creditors; and

• unsecured creditors?

Case Study:

Nike's Core Competency: The Risky Business of Creating Heroes

DURING THE LAST DECADE, Nike's annual revenues doubled and by 2018 attained some $35 billion. With its globally recognized brand, Nike is the undisputed leader in the athletic shoe and apparel industry. Number two adidas has some $22 billion in sales, while recent entrant Under Armour reports revenues of $5 billion. Nike is tremendously successful, holding close to a 60 percent market share in running shoes and nearly a 90 percent market share in basketball shoes and apparel. Yet one of its greatest strengths can also be seen as one of its greatest vulnerabilities. Before we introduce that strength, it helps to know how Nike started.

Nike Co-founders:

Bill Bowerman and Phil Knight

The Beaverton, Oregon, company has come a long way from its humble beginnings. It was founded by University of Oregon track and field coach Bill Bowerman and middle-distance runner Phil Knight in 1964 and was first called Blue Ribbon Sports. In 1971, the company changed its name to Nike (Greek mythology's goddess of victory) with the now iconic "swoosh" designed by a Portland State University student.

BOWERMAN'S ROLE. Coach Bowerman was a true innovator because he constantly sought ways to give his athletes a competitive edge. He experimented with many factors affecting running performance, from different track surfaces to rehydration drinks. Bowerman's biggest focus, however, was on providing a better running shoe for his athletes. While sitting at the breakfast table one Sunday morning and absentmindedly looking at his waffle iron, Bowerman had an epiphany. He poured hot, liquid urethane into the waffle iron—ruining it in the process but coming up with the now famous waffle-type sole that not only provided better traction but was also lighter than traditional running shoes.

ENTER KNIGHT. After completing his undergraduate degree at the University of Oregon and serving in the U.S. Army, Phil Knight entered the MBA program at Stanford. One entrepreneurship class required him to come up with a business idea. He wrote a term paper on how to disrupt the leading athletic shoemaker, adidas. The research question he came up with was, "Can

Japanese sports shoes do to German sports shoes what Japanese cameras have done to German cameras?"

At that time, adidas athletic shoes were the gold standard. They were also expensive and hard to find in the United States. After several failed attempts to interest Japanese sneaker makers, Knight struck a distribution agreement with Tiger Shoes. After his first shipment arrived in the United States, Phil Knight sent some of the running shoes to his former coach, Bill Bowerman, hoping to make a sale. To his surprise,

Bowerman replied that he was interested in becoming a business partner and contributing his innovative ideas on how to improve running shoes, including the waffle design. With an investment of $500 each and a handshake, the venture commenced.

Creating Heroes

Nike had already reached a level of success by the late 1970s. Based on a highly successful string of innovations including Nike Air, by 1979 the company had captured more than a 50 percent market share for running shoes in the United States. A year later, Nike went public. Even so, the company had yet to establish one of its most effective marketing tactics.

In 1984, Nike signed Michael Jordan—still early in his career, before he was hailed by many as the greatest basketball player of all time—with an unprecedented multimillion-dollar endorsement deal. Rather than spreading its marketing budget more widely as was common in the sports industry at that time, Nike made the unorthodox move to spend basically its entire budget for a specific sport on a single star athlete. Nike sought to sponsor future superstars that embodied an unlikely success story. Michael Jordan did not make the varsity team as a junior in high school, and yet he became the greatest basketball player ever. Nike's Air Jordan basketball shoes are all-time classics that remain popular to this day.

In the 1990s and 2000s, Nike continued to sponsor track and field stars such as Marion Jones as well as Kobe Bryant in basketball. With the help of major celebrity endorsements, Nike was also able to move on to different sports and their superstars, including golf with Tiger Woods, cycling with Lance Armstrong, soccer with Wayne Rooney, and football with Michael Vick. If some of those names trigger memories of scandals as well as athletic achievements, you see the problems that Nike risks with its endorsement program. Before going into the negatives, let's examine the powerful message behind such endorsements.

Nike is less about running shoes or sports apparel than about unlocking human potential. This is captured in Nike's mission to bring inspiration and innovation to every athlete in the world (and if you have a body, you are an athlete). ² Nike uses its heroes to tell a story whose moral is that through sheer will, tenacity, and hard work, anyone can unlock the hero within and achieve amazing things. Nike will help everyone become a hero. Just Do It! This type of mythical brand image has allowed Nike to not only enter but also often

Oscar Pistorius (left) and Lance Armstrong (right), some of Nike's past celebrity endorsements.

dominate one sport after another, from running to ice hockey. It spends more than $1 billion a year sponsoring athletes. Nike picks athletes that succeeded against the odds—cancer survivor Lance Armstrong, double amputee "blade runner" Oscar Pistorius, and other athletes hailing from disadvantaged backgrounds.

Nike astutely focuses on its core competency in athlete sponsorship and design, while it outsources noncore activities such as manufacturing and much of retailing. To create heroes, Nike has to engage in a number of activities: Find athletes that succeed against the odds; identify them before they are wellknown superstars; sign the athletes; create products that are closely linked with the athlete; promote the athletes or teams and Nike products through TV ads and social media to create the desired image; and so on. Each activity contributes to the relative value of the product and service offering in the eyes of potential customers and the firm's relative cost position vis-å-vis its rivals. Over time, Nike developed a deep expertise in creating heroes. More importantly, having consistently better expectations of the future value of resources allows Nike not only to shape the desired image of the athlete, but also to capture some of the value these athletes create.

When Heroes Fall

Although this core competency made Nike highly successful, it has not been without considerable risks. Repeatedly, Nike's "heroes" have become unmasked as cheaters, frauds, and criminals, some of whom have committed serious felonies, such as (culpable) homicide. Long-time CEO and Chairman Phil Knight long ago declared that scandals surrounding its superstar endorsement athletes are "part of the game."3 So Nike appears to be comfortable in tolerating those risks, at least in some cases.

Sometimes Nike continued to sponsor its athletes involved in various scandals; other times it terminated its lucrative endorsement contracts. Nike continued to sponsor NBA star Kobe Bryant who was cleared of alleged rape charges. After Tiger Woods was engulfed in an infidelity scandal, Nike continued to sponsor the golf superstar. In 2007, Nike ended its endorsement contract with NFL quarterback Michael Vick after a public outcry and his subsequent felony conviction of running a dog-fighting ring and engaging in animal cruelty. In 2011, after serving a prison sentence and restarting his career at the Philadelphia Eagles, Nike signed a new endorsement deal with Vick. In 2012, Nike terminated its long-term relationship with disgraced cyclist Lance Armstrong. Just before Armstrong's public admission to doping in an interview with Oprah Winfrey, Knight answered, "Never say never," when asked if Nike would sponsor Armstrong again in the future. In 2013, Nike removed its ads with Oscar Pistorius and the unfortunate tagline "I am the bullet in the chamber," after the South African track and field athlete was charged with homicide.

In 2014, Nike got entangled in the FIFA (the world governing body of soccer) bribery scandal. It began 20 years earlier when Nike decided to gain a stronger presence in soccer after the 1994 World Cup was held in the United States. In 1996, Nike signed a long-term sponsorship agreement with the Brazilian national team worth hundreds of millions of dollars. This was a huge win for Nike because soccer has been the basis of adidas' success, much like running and basketball has been for Nike. Moreover, Brazil won the tournament five times (more than any other nation) and is the only team to have played in every tournament, which is only held every four years.

Nike is now alleged to have paid some $30 million to a middleman, who used that money for bribing

soccer officials and politicians in Brazil. This middleman—Jose Hawilla—has admitted a number of crimes including fraud, money laundering, and extortion related to the FIFA soccer investigation by U.S. prosecutors.

Time and time again Nike's heroes have fallen from grace, and the company itself has fallen under suspicion of wrongdoing. Clearly, Nike's approach in building its core competency of creating heroes is not without risks. Too many of these public relations disasters combined with too severe shortcomings of some of Nike's most celebrated heroes could damage the company's reputation and lead to a loss of competitive advantage. As Nike veers from one public relations disaster to the next, disappointment with the brand and its promise may eventually set in, causing customers to go elsewhere.

DISCUSSION QUESTIONS

1.     The MiniCase indicates that Nike's core competency is to create heroes. What does this mean? How did Nike build its core competency? Does it, for example, identify and leverage the potential identified in a VRIO analysis (are its competencies valuable, rare, inimitable, and organized to capture value) in a resource-based view of the firm?

2.     What would it take for Nike's approach to turn from a strength into a weakness? Did this tipping point already occur? Why or why not?

3.     What recommendations would you have for Nike? Can you identify a way to reframe the competency of creating heroes? Or a new way to think of heroes, teams, or sports that would continue to build the brand?

4.     If you are a competitor of Nike (such as adidas, Under Armour, New Balance, or Li-Ning), how could you exploit Nike's apparent vulnerability?

Provide a set of concrete recommendations.

(Must be atleast 2 pages long)

1. A resume’ can be organize in the following ways EXCEPT?
   1. Chronological format
   2. Skills format
   3. Methodological format
   4. Functional format
2. The main purpose of financial planning is to

               a. Enable an individual to have a good life

               b. Have a high standard of living

               c. Bridge the gap between desired and expected living standard

               d. Enable the individual to have some savings

3. Which of the following best describes choice making

               a. Selecting from different kinds and types

               b. Applying your free will when choosing a good or commodity

               c. Selecting the kind of good that satisfies you most

               d. None of the above

4. Which of the following is NOT a benefit an individual could derive from having knowledge in personal finance?      

               a. Students and individuals gain knowledge in savings

               b. Students and individuals can make good investment decisions

               c. Students and individuals would know how to retire

               d. Students and individuals would have a better chance of dealing with financial                               challenges they face   

5. Which of the following concepts is the most important concept in personal finance?

                 a. Time Value of Money

                 b. Opportunity Cost

                 c. Marginal Utility

                 d. None of the above

1. A resume’ can be organize in the following ways EXCEPT?
   1. Chronological format
   2. Skills format
   3. Methodological format
   4. Functional format
2. The main purpose of financial planning is to

               a. Enable an individual to have a good life

               b. Have a high standard of living

               c. Bridge the gap between desired and expected living standard

               d. Enable the individual to have some savings

3. Which of the following best describes choice making

               a. Selecting from different kinds and types

               b. Applying your free will when choosing a good or commodity

               c. Selecting the kind of good that satisfies you most

               d. None of the above

4. Which of the following is NOT a benefit an individual could derive from having knowledge in personal finance?      

               a. Students and individuals gain knowledge in savings

               b. Students and individuals can make good investment decisions

               c. Students and individuals would know how to retire

               d. Students and individuals would have a better chance of dealing with financial                               challenges they face   

5. Which of the following concepts is the most important concept in personal finance?

                 a. Time Value of Money

                 b. Opportunity Cost

                 c. Marginal Utility

                 d. None of the above

Graphically, market supply for a product:

a)is the horizontal difference of the individual supply curves.

b)is the horizontal sum of the individual supply curves.

c)is the vertical difference of the individual supply curves.

d)is the vertical sum of the individual supply curves.

Graphically, market demand for a product:

a)is the horizontal difference of the individual demand curves.

b)is the horizontal sum of the individual demand curves.

c)is the vertical difference of the individual demand curves.

d)is the vertical sum of the individual demand curves.