Java. Given an input file with each line representing a record of data and the first token (word) being the key that the file is sorted on, we want to load it and output the line number and record for any duplicate keys we encounter. Remember we are assuming the file is sorted by the key and we want to output to the screen the records (and line numbers) with duplicate keys. We are given a text file and have to use the scanner class to lod it

Your task is to

• create a FindDuplicates class with the following:

  • Declaration of an instance variables for the String filename

  • non-default Constructor - creates an object for user passed filename argument

  • Accessor methods return the value of each instance variable

  • Mutator methods that allows th user to set each instance variable (no validation required),

  • a "getDuplicates()" method that reads from the file (until end-of-file) using Scanner class, finds duplicate records based on the first token on each line (the key), and returns as a String the record number and entire duplicate record one to a line (see above Sample output)

  • • toString() - returns a String message with the value of the instance variable

Sample Output

Enter File Name: input1.txt

FileName:input1.txt

DUPLICATES

12 102380 CS US W 2.8 3.267 125

14 102395 PPCI US W 2.769 2.5 115

25 102567 PPCI US W 3.192 3.412 112

35 102912 CS US Z 3.81 3.667 88

44 103087 CS US Z 2.956 2.688 90

76 103944 CS US W 3.134 3.294 134

77 103944 CS US W 3.698 3.7 94

86 104046 CS US W 2.863 3.133 65

88 104047 CS US W 3.523 3.524 77

89 104047 CS US O 3.825 3.824 49

91 104048 CS US W 3.071 3 94

92 104048 CS US W 3.114 3.111 44

93 104048 CS US W 3.375 3.6 71

Press any key to continue . . .

Write a Python 3 program called “parse.py” using the template for a Python program that we covered in this module. Note: Use this mod7.txt input file.

Name your output file “output.txt”.

Build your program using a main function and at least one other function.

Give your input and output file names as command line arguments.

Your program will read the input file, and will output the following information to the output file as well as printing it to the screen:

1. Output the full text of the file
2. Output the number of words in the file
3. Output the number of sentences in the file
4. Output the first sentence in the file
5. Output the last sentence in the file
6. Output the length of the first sentence
7. Output the length of the last sentence

This is mod7.txt

I do not come here as an advocate, because whatever position the suffrage movement may occupy in the United States of America, in England it has passed beyond the realm of advocacy and it has entered into the sphere of practical politics. It has become the subject of revolution and civil war, and so tonight I am not here to advocate woman suffrage. American suffragists can do that very well for themselves. I am here as a soldier who has temporarily left the field of battle in order to explain - it seems strange it should have to be explained, what civil war is like when civil war is waged by women. I am not only here as a soldier temporarily absent from the field at battle; I am here, and that, I think, is the strangest part of my coming, I am here as a person who, according to the law courts of my country, it has been decided, is of no value to the community at all; and I am adjudged because of my life to be a dangerous person, under sentence of penal servitude in a convict prison. It is not at all difficult if revolutionaries come to you from Russia, if they come to you from China, or from any other part of the world, if they are men. But since I am a woman it is necessary to explain why women have adopted revolutionary methods in order to win the rights of citizenship. We women, in trying to make our case clear, always have to make as part of our argument, and urge upon men in our audience the fact, a very simple fact, that women are human beings. Suppose the men of Hartford had a grievance, and they laid that grievance before their legislature, and the legislature obstinately refused to listen to them, or to remove their grievance, what would be the proper and the constitutional and the practical way of getting their grievance removed? Well, it is perfectly obvious at the next general election the men of Hartford would turn out that legislature and elect a new one. But let the men of Hartford imagine that they were not in the position of being voters at all, that they were governed without their consent being obtained, that the legislature turned an absolutely deaf ear to their demands, what would the men of Hartford do then? They couldn't vote the legislature out. They would have to choose; they would have to make a choice of two evils: they would either have to submit indefinitely to an unjust state of affairs, or they would have to rise up and adopt some of the antiquated means by which men in the past got their grievances remedied. Your forefathers decided that they must have representation for taxation, many, many years ago. When they felt they couldn't wait any longer, when they laid all the arguments before an obstinate British government that they could think of, and when their arguments were absolutely disregarded, when every other means had failed, they began by the tea party at Boston, and they went on until they had won the independence of the United States of America. It is about eight years since the word militant was first used to describe what we were doing. It was not militant at all, except that it provoked militancy on the part of those who were opposed to it. When women asked questions in political meetings and failed to get answers, they were not doing anything militant. In Great Britain it is a custom, a time-honoured one, to ask questions of candidates for parliament and ask questions of members of the government. No man was ever put out of a public meeting for asking a question. The first people who were put out of a political meeting for asking questions, were women; they were brutally ill-used; they found themselves in jail before 24 hours had expired. We were called militant, and we were quite willing to accept the name. We were determined to press this question of the enfranchisement of women to the point where we were no longer to be ignored by the politicians. You have two babies very hungry and wanting to be fed. One baby is a patient baby, and waits indefinitely until its mother is ready to feed it. The other baby is an impatient baby and cries lustily, screams and kicks and makes everybody unpleasant until it is fed. Well, we know perfectly well which baby is attended to first. That is the whole history of politics. You have to make more noise than anybody else, you have to make yourself more obtrusive than anybody else, you have to fill all the papers more than anybody else, in fact you have to be there all the time and see that they do not snow you under. When you have warfare things happen; people suffer; the noncombatants suffer as well as the combatants. And so it happens in civil war. When your forefathers threw the tea into Boston Harbour, a good many women had to go without their tea. It has always seemed to me an extraordinary thing that you did not follow it up by throwing the whiskey overboard; you sacrificed the women; and there is a good deal of warfare for which men take a great deal of glorification which has involved more practical sacrifice on women than it has on any man. It always has been so. The grievances of those who have got power, the influence of those who have got power commands a great deal of attention; but the wrongs and the grievances of those people who have no power at all are apt to be absolutely ignored. That is the history of humanity right from the beginning. Well, in our civil war people have suffered, but you cannot make omelettes without breaking eggs; you cannot have civil war without damage to something. The great thing is to see that no more damage is done than is absolutely necessary, that you do just as much as will arouse enough feeling to bring about peace, to bring about an honourable peace for the combatants; and that is what we have been doing. We entirely prevented stockbrokers in London from telegraphing to stockbrokers in Glasgow and vice versa: for one whole day telegraphic communication was entirely stopped. I am not going to tell you how it was done. I am not going to tell you how the women got to the mains and cut the wires; but it was done. It was done, and it was proved to the authorities that weak women, suffrage women, as we are supposed to be, had enough ingenuity to create a situation of that kind. Now, I ask you, if women can do that, is there any limit to what we can do except the limit we put upon ourselves? If you are dealing with an industrial revolution, if you get the men and women of one class rising up against the men and women of another class, you can locate the difficulty; if there is a great industrial strike, you know exactly where the violence is and how the warfare is going to be waged; but in our war against the government you can't locate it. We wear no mark; we belong to every class; we permeate every class of the community from the highest to the lowest; and so you see in the woman's civil war the dear men of my country are discovering it is absolutely impossible to deal with it: you cannot locate it, and you cannot stop it. "Put them in prison," they said, "that will stop it." But it didn't stop it at all: instead of the women giving it up, more women did it, and more and more and more women did it until there were 300 women at a time, who had not broken a single law, only "made a nuisance of themselves" as the politicians say. Then they began to legislate. The British government has passed more stringent laws to deal with this agitation than it ever found necessary during all the history of political agitation in my country. They were able to deal with the revolutionaries of the Chartists' time; they were able to deal with the trades union agitation; they were able to deal with the revolutionaries later on when the Reform Acts were passed: but the ordinary law has not sufficed to curb insurgent women. They had to dip back into the middle ages to find a means of repressing the women in revolt. They have said to us, government rests upon force, the women haven't force, so they must submit. Well, we are showing them that government does not rest upon force at all: it rests upon consent. As long as women consent to be unjustly governed, they can be, but directly women say: "We withhold our consent, we will not be governed any longer so long as that government is unjust." Not by the forces of civil war can you govern the very weakest woman. You can kill that woman, but she escapes you then; you cannot govern her. No power on earth can govern a human being, however feeble, who withholds his or her consent. When they put us in prison at first, simply for taking petitions, we submitted; we allowed them to dress us in prison clothes; we allowed them to put us in solitary confinement; we allowed them to put us amongst the most degraded of criminals; we learned of some of the appalling evils of our so-called civilisation that we could not have learned in any other way. It was valuable experience, and we were glad to get it. I have seen men smile when they heard the words "hunger strike", and yet I think there are very few men today who would be prepared to adopt a "hunger strike" for any cause. It is only people who feel an intolerable sense of oppression who would adopt a means of that kind. It means you refuse food until you are at death's door, and then the authorities have to choose between letting you die, and letting you go; and then they let the women go. Now, that went on so long that the government felt that they were unable to cope. It was [then] that, to the shame of the British government, they set the example to authorities all over the world of feeding sane, resisting human beings by force. There may be doctors in this meeting: if so, they know it is one thing to feed by force an insane person; but it is quite another thing to feed a sane, resisting human being who resists with every nerve and with every fibre of her body the indignity and the outrage of forcible feeding. Now, that was done in England, and the government thought they had crushed us. But they found that it did not quell the agitation, that more and more women came in and even passed that terrible ordeal, and they were obliged to let them go. Then came the legislation - the "Cat and Mouse Act". The home secretary said: "Give me the power to let these women go when they are at death's door, and leave them at liberty under license until they have recovered their health again and then bring them back." It was passed to repress the agitation, to make the women yield - because that is what it has really come to, ladies and gentlemen. It has come to a battle between the women and the government as to who shall yield first, whether they will yield and give us the vote, or whether we will give up our agitation. Well, they little know what women are. Women are very slow to rouse, but once they are aroused, once they are determined, nothing on earth and nothing in heaven will make women give way; it is impossible. And so this "Cat and Mouse Act" which is being used against women today has failed. There are women lying at death's door, recovering enough strength to undergo operations who have not given in and won't give in, and who will be prepared, as soon as they get up from their sick beds, to go on as before. There are women who are being carried from their sick beds on stretchers into meetings. They are too weak to speak, but they go amongst their fellow workers just to show that their spirits are unquenched, and that their spirit is alive, and they mean to go on as long as life lasts. Now, I want to say to you who think women cannot succeed, we have brought the government of England to this position, that it has to face this alternative: either women are to be killed or women are to have the vote. I ask American men in this meeting, what would you say if in your state you were faced with that alternative, that you must either kill them or give them their citizenship? Well, there is only one answer to that alternative, there is only one way out - you must give those women the vote. You won your freedom in America when you had the revolution, by bloodshed, by sacrificing human life. You won the civil war by the sacrifice of human life when you decided to emancipate the negro. You have left it to women in your land, the men of all civilised countries have left it to women, to work out their own salvation. That is the way in which we women of England are doing. Human life for us is sacred, but we say if any life is to be sacrificed it shall be ours; we won't do it ourselves, but we will put the enemy in the position where they will have to choose between giving us freedom or giving us death. So here am I. I come in the intervals of prison appearance. I come after having been four times imprisoned under the "Cat and Mouse Act", probably going back to be rearrested as soon as I set my foot on British soil. I come to ask you to help to win this fight. If we win it, this hardest of all fights, then, to be sure, in the future it is going to be made easier for women all over the world to win their fight when their time comes.

of the three men, the chances that of politician, a businessman, of an academician will be appointed as a vice-chancellor (vc) of a university are 0.5,0.3 and 0.2 respectively. Probability that the research is promoted to become vc of the university politician, businessman, and academician 0.3, 0.7, and 0.8 respectively. a) determine the probability that research is promoted. b) if reserch is promoted, what is the probability that vc is and academician?

1. Read the following article excerpt: Sweetened-beverage sales in Seattle dropped 30% after soda tax, new study says The Columbian https://www.columbian.com/news/2020/feb/23/sweetened-beverage-sales-in-seattle-dropped-30- after-soda-tax-new-study-says/

By Daniel Beekman, The Seattle Times Published: February 23, 2020, 1:45pm

Sales of sugar-sweetened beverages at stores in Seattle dropped about 30.5% in the months after the city adopted a tax on such beverages, says a new study that also looked at sales at stores in Portland, which has no such tax. Sales in Portland declined only 10.5%, suggesting sales in Seattle dropped much more than they would have without a tax, according to the peer-reviewed study by University of Illinois at Chicago researchers.

The study’s results are the first to measure the impact of Seattle’s tax on beverage sales in the city, and they may bolster claims by supporters that the controversial policy is working as intended.

“From a public health perspective, this is good,” said Jay Krieger, a University of Washington professor who heads the nonprofit Healthy Food America. “People are purchasing less sugary drinks, and we know that sugary drinks are associated with heart disease, diabetes, high blood pressure and strokes.” Seattle’s tax of 1.75 cents per fluid ounce, which took effect on Jan. 1, 2018, is charged to distributors of sugar-sweetened beverages.

Distributors can pass the tax on to stores, and stores to consumers. Proponents said the tax would reduce soda sales and raise money for health and education programs.

Your task 1: Explain, with the aid of a diagram, how a soda tax such as the one described above would impact consumers, producers and society more generally.

Your task 2: Comment on whether or not you support such a tax and why.

QUESTION #2 Part A Lunenberg Ltd, a publicly accountable enterprise, began business on January 1, 2015 and follows IFRS. Its pretax accounting income for the first two years was as follows: 2015 $ 80,000 2016 150,000

The following items caused the only differences between pretax accounting income and taxable income.

1. In 2015, the company collected $75,000 in rental revenue; of this amount, $25,000 was earned in 2015; the other $50,000 will be earned equally during 2016 and 2017. The full $75,000 was included in taxable income in 2015.

2. The company pays $5,000 in 2015and 2016 for membership in a local golf club.

3. In 2016, the company terminated a top executive and agreed to pay $30,000 severance pay. This will be paid $10,000 each year for three years, starting in 2016. The 2016 payment was made. The entire $30,000 was expensed in 2016 for book purposes.

For tax purposes, the severance pay is deductible only when it is paid.

The enacted tax rates at December 31, 2015 are: 2015 30% 2017 40% 2016 35% 2018 40%

Instructions:

(a) Calculate taxable income and income tax payable for 2015 and 2016

(b) Calculate the deferred income tax asset and/or liability at the end of 2015, and prepare the adjusting journal entries to record income taxes for 2015

The following is the adjusted trial balance for Miller Company.

NOTE: I'M GETTING 7840 FOR INCOME SUMMARY AND RETAINED EARNINGS, BUT THE HOMEWORK SYSTEM SAYS ITS WRONG, HELP PLEASE!

Prepare closing entries. If an amount box does not require an entry, leave it blank or "0".

Feedback

Partially correct

Prepare the post closing trial balance. If an amount box does not require an entry, leave it blank or "0".

Question 2 “If a company is in financial difficulty, a secured creditor or the court may put the company into receivership.”

REQUIRED: Answer the following questions in relation to receivership. Please support your analysis with relevant legislation and/or case law.

a) Who/what is a receiver? Who appoints a receiver and why?

b) What is the effect of the receiver’s appointment on

• the company;

• the directors;

• shareholders;

• secured creditors; and

• unsecured creditors?

Case Study:

Nike's Core Competency: The Risky Business of Creating Heroes

DURING THE LAST DECADE, Nike's annual revenues doubled and by 2018 attained some $35 billion. With its globally recognized brand, Nike is the undisputed leader in the athletic shoe and apparel industry. Number two adidas has some $22 billion in sales, while recent entrant Under Armour reports revenues of $5 billion. Nike is tremendously successful, holding close to a 60 percent market share in running shoes and nearly a 90 percent market share in basketball shoes and apparel. Yet one of its greatest strengths can also be seen as one of its greatest vulnerabilities. Before we introduce that strength, it helps to know how Nike started.

Nike Co-founders:

Bill Bowerman and Phil Knight

The Beaverton, Oregon, company has come a long way from its humble beginnings. It was founded by University of Oregon track and field coach Bill Bowerman and middle-distance runner Phil Knight in 1964 and was first called Blue Ribbon Sports. In 1971, the company changed its name to Nike (Greek mythology's goddess of victory) with the now iconic "swoosh" designed by a Portland State University student.

BOWERMAN'S ROLE. Coach Bowerman was a true innovator because he constantly sought ways to give his athletes a competitive edge. He experimented with many factors affecting running performance, from different track surfaces to rehydration drinks. Bowerman's biggest focus, however, was on providing a better running shoe for his athletes. While sitting at the breakfast table one Sunday morning and absentmindedly looking at his waffle iron, Bowerman had an epiphany. He poured hot, liquid urethane into the waffle iron—ruining it in the process but coming up with the now famous waffle-type sole that not only provided better traction but was also lighter than traditional running shoes.

ENTER KNIGHT. After completing his undergraduate degree at the University of Oregon and serving in the U.S. Army, Phil Knight entered the MBA program at Stanford. One entrepreneurship class required him to come up with a business idea. He wrote a term paper on how to disrupt the leading athletic shoemaker, adidas. The research question he came up with was, "Can

Japanese sports shoes do to German sports shoes what Japanese cameras have done to German cameras?"

At that time, adidas athletic shoes were the gold standard. They were also expensive and hard to find in the United States. After several failed attempts to interest Japanese sneaker makers, Knight struck a distribution agreement with Tiger Shoes. After his first shipment arrived in the United States, Phil Knight sent some of the running shoes to his former coach, Bill Bowerman, hoping to make a sale. To his surprise,

Bowerman replied that he was interested in becoming a business partner and contributing his innovative ideas on how to improve running shoes, including the waffle design. With an investment of $500 each and a handshake, the venture commenced.

Creating Heroes

Nike had already reached a level of success by the late 1970s. Based on a highly successful string of innovations including Nike Air, by 1979 the company had captured more than a 50 percent market share for running shoes in the United States. A year later, Nike went public. Even so, the company had yet to establish one of its most effective marketing tactics.

In 1984, Nike signed Michael Jordan—still early in his career, before he was hailed by many as the greatest basketball player of all time—with an unprecedented multimillion-dollar endorsement deal. Rather than spreading its marketing budget more widely as was common in the sports industry at that time, Nike made the unorthodox move to spend basically its entire budget for a specific sport on a single star athlete. Nike sought to sponsor future superstars that embodied an unlikely success story. Michael Jordan did not make the varsity team as a junior in high school, and yet he became the greatest basketball player ever. Nike's Air Jordan basketball shoes are all-time classics that remain popular to this day.

In the 1990s and 2000s, Nike continued to sponsor track and field stars such as Marion Jones as well as Kobe Bryant in basketball. With the help of major celebrity endorsements, Nike was also able to move on to different sports and their superstars, including golf with Tiger Woods, cycling with Lance Armstrong, soccer with Wayne Rooney, and football with Michael Vick. If some of those names trigger memories of scandals as well as athletic achievements, you see the problems that Nike risks with its endorsement program. Before going into the negatives, let's examine the powerful message behind such endorsements.

Nike is less about running shoes or sports apparel than about unlocking human potential. This is captured in Nike's mission to bring inspiration and innovation to every athlete in the world (and if you have a body, you are an athlete). ² Nike uses its heroes to tell a story whose moral is that through sheer will, tenacity, and hard work, anyone can unlock the hero within and achieve amazing things. Nike will help everyone become a hero. Just Do It! This type of mythical brand image has allowed Nike to not only enter but also often

Oscar Pistorius (left) and Lance Armstrong (right), some of Nike's past celebrity endorsements.

dominate one sport after another, from running to ice hockey. It spends more than $1 billion a year sponsoring athletes. Nike picks athletes that succeeded against the odds—cancer survivor Lance Armstrong, double amputee "blade runner" Oscar Pistorius, and other athletes hailing from disadvantaged backgrounds.

Nike astutely focuses on its core competency in athlete sponsorship and design, while it outsources noncore activities such as manufacturing and much of retailing. To create heroes, Nike has to engage in a number of activities: Find athletes that succeed against the odds; identify them before they are wellknown superstars; sign the athletes; create products that are closely linked with the athlete; promote the athletes or teams and Nike products through TV ads and social media to create the desired image; and so on. Each activity contributes to the relative value of the product and service offering in the eyes of potential customers and the firm's relative cost position vis-å-vis its rivals. Over time, Nike developed a deep expertise in creating heroes. More importantly, having consistently better expectations of the future value of resources allows Nike not only to shape the desired image of the athlete, but also to capture some of the value these athletes create.

When Heroes Fall

Although this core competency made Nike highly successful, it has not been without considerable risks. Repeatedly, Nike's "heroes" have become unmasked as cheaters, frauds, and criminals, some of whom have committed serious felonies, such as (culpable) homicide. Long-time CEO and Chairman Phil Knight long ago declared that scandals surrounding its superstar endorsement athletes are "part of the game."3 So Nike appears to be comfortable in tolerating those risks, at least in some cases.

Sometimes Nike continued to sponsor its athletes involved in various scandals; other times it terminated its lucrative endorsement contracts. Nike continued to sponsor NBA star Kobe Bryant who was cleared of alleged rape charges. After Tiger Woods was engulfed in an infidelity scandal, Nike continued to sponsor the golf superstar. In 2007, Nike ended its endorsement contract with NFL quarterback Michael Vick after a public outcry and his subsequent felony conviction of running a dog-fighting ring and engaging in animal cruelty. In 2011, after serving a prison sentence and restarting his career at the Philadelphia Eagles, Nike signed a new endorsement deal with Vick. In 2012, Nike terminated its long-term relationship with disgraced cyclist Lance Armstrong. Just before Armstrong's public admission to doping in an interview with Oprah Winfrey, Knight answered, "Never say never," when asked if Nike would sponsor Armstrong again in the future. In 2013, Nike removed its ads with Oscar Pistorius and the unfortunate tagline "I am the bullet in the chamber," after the South African track and field athlete was charged with homicide.

In 2014, Nike got entangled in the FIFA (the world governing body of soccer) bribery scandal. It began 20 years earlier when Nike decided to gain a stronger presence in soccer after the 1994 World Cup was held in the United States. In 1996, Nike signed a long-term sponsorship agreement with the Brazilian national team worth hundreds of millions of dollars. This was a huge win for Nike because soccer has been the basis of adidas' success, much like running and basketball has been for Nike. Moreover, Brazil won the tournament five times (more than any other nation) and is the only team to have played in every tournament, which is only held every four years.

Nike is now alleged to have paid some $30 million to a middleman, who used that money for bribing

soccer officials and politicians in Brazil. This middleman—Jose Hawilla—has admitted a number of crimes including fraud, money laundering, and extortion related to the FIFA soccer investigation by U.S. prosecutors.

Time and time again Nike's heroes have fallen from grace, and the company itself has fallen under suspicion of wrongdoing. Clearly, Nike's approach in building its core competency of creating heroes is not without risks. Too many of these public relations disasters combined with too severe shortcomings of some of Nike's most celebrated heroes could damage the company's reputation and lead to a loss of competitive advantage. As Nike veers from one public relations disaster to the next, disappointment with the brand and its promise may eventually set in, causing customers to go elsewhere.

DISCUSSION QUESTIONS

1.     The MiniCase indicates that Nike's core competency is to create heroes. What does this mean? How did Nike build its core competency? Does it, for example, identify and leverage the potential identified in a VRIO analysis (are its competencies valuable, rare, inimitable, and organized to capture value) in a resource-based view of the firm?

2.     What would it take for Nike's approach to turn from a strength into a weakness? Did this tipping point already occur? Why or why not?

3.     What recommendations would you have for Nike? Can you identify a way to reframe the competency of creating heroes? Or a new way to think of heroes, teams, or sports that would continue to build the brand?

4.     If you are a competitor of Nike (such as adidas, Under Armour, New Balance, or Li-Ning), how could you exploit Nike's apparent vulnerability?

Provide a set of concrete recommendations.

(Must be atleast 2 pages long)

1. A resume’ can be organize in the following ways EXCEPT?
   1. Chronological format
   2. Skills format
   3. Methodological format
   4. Functional format
2. The main purpose of financial planning is to

               a. Enable an individual to have a good life

               b. Have a high standard of living

               c. Bridge the gap between desired and expected living standard

               d. Enable the individual to have some savings

3. Which of the following best describes choice making

               a. Selecting from different kinds and types

               b. Applying your free will when choosing a good or commodity

               c. Selecting the kind of good that satisfies you most

               d. None of the above

4. Which of the following is NOT a benefit an individual could derive from having knowledge in personal finance?      

               a. Students and individuals gain knowledge in savings

               b. Students and individuals can make good investment decisions

               c. Students and individuals would know how to retire

               d. Students and individuals would have a better chance of dealing with financial                               challenges they face   

5. Which of the following concepts is the most important concept in personal finance?

                 a. Time Value of Money

                 b. Opportunity Cost

                 c. Marginal Utility

                 d. None of the above

1. A resume’ can be organize in the following ways EXCEPT?
   1. Chronological format
   2. Skills format
   3. Methodological format
   4. Functional format
2. The main purpose of financial planning is to

               a. Enable an individual to have a good life

               b. Have a high standard of living

               c. Bridge the gap between desired and expected living standard

               d. Enable the individual to have some savings

3. Which of the following best describes choice making

               a. Selecting from different kinds and types

               b. Applying your free will when choosing a good or commodity

               c. Selecting the kind of good that satisfies you most

               d. None of the above

4. Which of the following is NOT a benefit an individual could derive from having knowledge in personal finance?      

               a. Students and individuals gain knowledge in savings

               b. Students and individuals can make good investment decisions

               c. Students and individuals would know how to retire

               d. Students and individuals would have a better chance of dealing with financial                               challenges they face   

5. Which of the following concepts is the most important concept in personal finance?

                 a. Time Value of Money

                 b. Opportunity Cost

                 c. Marginal Utility

                 d. None of the above