A study of undergraduate computer science students examined changes in major after the first year. The study examined the fates of 256 students who enrolled as first-year students in the same fall semester. The students were classified according to gender and their declared major at the beginning of the second year. For convenience we use the labels CS for computer science majors, EO for engineering and other science majors, and O for other majors. The mean SAT mathematics scores for the students are summarized in the following table.

Summarize the results of this study using appropriate plots and calculations to describe the main effects and interaction.

A) Identify two articles from the published literature that detail FDA recommended changes to a package insert. Indicate the data that led to this decision.

B) Identify a package insert from a different pharmaceutical product than atorvastatin. Compare and contrast the sections noting the similarities and dissimilarities amongst the various sections.

RELATED MARKETS: Use completely labeled market models to show the impact of changes in supply and demand on market equilibrium. Make sure to report your results and use directional arrows where appropriate.

1. Suppose that Valentine’s Day is coming up and a lot of people like to buy chocolate for their loved ones. If Godiva Chocolate is an inferior good, show what would happen in the market for Godiva Chocolate (only) if the economy is booming and incomes have been rising. (Assume that any effect from the holiday itself has already been taken into account.)

2. Now assume that Godiva Chocolate is used to produce chocolate covered strawberries and gourmet chocolate covered apples. Taking into account what happened to the price of Godiva Chocolate in the market above, what will happen in the market for Gourmet Chocolate Covered Fruits?

A study of undergraduate computer science students examined changes in major after the first year. The study examined the fates of 256 students who enrolled as first-year students in the same fall semester. The students were classified according to gender and their declared major at the beginning of the second year. For convenience we use the labels CS for computer science majors, EO for engineering and other science majors, and O for other majors. The mean SAT mathematics scores for the students are summarized in the following table.

Summarize the results of this study using appropriate plots and calculations to describe the main effects and interaction.

Question 5

A government department is investigating whether the font style used on a website changes the speed at which people read information. A sample of eight randomly selected participants are shown two website pages. The first website uses an Arial font style. The second uses a Verdana font style. The two pages have different text but contain the same number of words.

The table below shows the length of time that each participant took to read the paragraph of text on each page.

Table: Time taken (in seconds) to read website text

Part a)

Use a paired t-test at the 5% significance level to test whether changing the font style has affected the time taken to read the paragraphs of text.

[9 marks]

Part b)

Briefly explain why this type of test is appropriate for this scenario and this data

[2 marks]

Part c)

If the researcher wanted to use a two sample t-test for independent samples rather than a paired t-test, briefly describe the alterations the researcher would need to make to the data collection process.

[3 marks]

Question 5 : In accordance with HKAS 8 Accounting Policies, Changes in Accounting Estimates and Errors, discuss the procedures in selecting, applying and changing the accounting policies for the listed companies in Hong Kong.

Question 6: In accordance with HKAS 10 Events after the Reporting Period, what is the core principle? What are adjusting events and non-adjusting events? Discuss with examples.

Question 7 : In accordance with HKAS 23 Borrowing Costs, what is the core principle? What are the accounting treatments of borrowing costs eligible for capitalisation? What are the criteria to start measuring for capitalisation?

Question 8 : In accordance with HKAS 38 Intangible Assets, discuss the criteria for development costs to qualify for recognition as intangible assets.

Question 9 : Most preparers and users of financial statements recognize that there is a need for a formal conceptual framework in financial reporting. Therefore, there is a formal conceptual framework for accounting, accounting practice and accounting standards are based on this framework can benefit different stakeholders.

REQUIRED:

Discuss the purposes of the IASB/HKICPA Conceptual Framework for Financial Reporting 2018.

A study of undergraduate computer science students examined changes in major after the first year. The study examined the fates of 256 students who enrolled as first-year students in the same fall semester. The students were classified according to gender and their declared major at the beginning of the second year. The students studied were enrolled at a large Midwestern university several years ago. Discuss how you would conduct a similar study at a college or university of your choice today. Include a description of all variables that you would collect for your study.

A study of undergraduate computer science students examined changes in major after the first year. The study examined the fates of 256 students who enrolled as first-year students in the same fall semester. The students were classified according to gender and their declared major at the beginning of the second year. For convenience we use the labels CS for computer science majors, EO for engineering and other science majors, and O for other majors. The explanatory variables included several high school grade summaries coded as 10 = A, 9 = A-, etc. Here are the mean high school mathematics grades for these students.

Describe the main effects and interaction using appropriate graphs and calculations.

Recommend changes to the company's business processes that will make them more effective and efficient.

You are to analyze five key business processes: selling meat, purchasing animals, paying employees, purchasing miscellaneous supplies and services, and providing refunds to customers. The following interviews with the CEO and key employees describe those business processes. Where information is incomplete, you are to make appropriate assumptions.The company uses accrual accounting and a calendar fiscal year. Summary of Interview with CEO A few years ago, he bought a small wholesale store to seek his fortunes in a less dangerous but potentially more lucrative occupation. Through hard work, his business grew. the company steadily expanded to other cities up and down the East Coast. the company steadily built a reputation for high quality fresh meat. He still personally guarantees complete satisfaction or his customers get their money back—no questions asked. the company focuses on the wholesale meat market; as such, their customers are primarily restaurants and retail stores. The company offers its customers a wide variety of fresh meat. Each store can carry all types of meat. The stores are essentially small warehouses, not retail meat stores. In order to service its customers, the company owns a fleet of trucks, each with its distinctive logo on the side. The trucks are used to pick up and deliver meat. 1 Until recently, all record keeping for the company was primarily done manually. Each store keeps track of its purchases, inventories, sales, etc. Then, they send all the hard copy documents to the ceo, via the accounts payable or payroll clerks as appropriate. He prepares his business reports from those documents as well as the deposit information he receives from the banks and the cash disbursement information he receives from the accounts payable and payroll clerks. Recently, his computer crashed. He lost all his records. He has been rebuilding those records from the manual documents using Microsoft Excel®. So far, he has just about completed his records for early 2020. For now, he wants to move his data from Excel into a Microsoft Access® database accounting system and prepare financial reports for the first quarter of this year. He has an employee who knows a bit about Access, and is confident that with a good starter system and a bit of training, the company can move forward with the Access- based system (for now). the CEO, despite his data setback, plans to expand his business. So, in addition to providing financial information about his current performance, he wants advice on the risks his business faces and how he can mitigate those risks with cost-effective internal controls. To facilitate recordkeeping and management after the expansion, he is considering the installation of computers at each store as well as using tablet computers or smartphones to record transactions at the source. He believes that eventually he should use an online accounting system (he’s interested in cloud computing) and have each store submit transactions daily (or maybe even real-time) from their tablets/phones. Thus, he also wants an evaluation of the costs/benefits of using information technology and how that might affect his internal control system. Summary of Interview with the AP Clerk The AP clerk prepares checks for payments to farmers and miscellaneous vendors. The stores mail purchase documents for meat to him almost every day. He knows that the farms need to be paid promptly, so they can pay their crew, buy fuel, etc. So, he tries to pay them within a week after receiving the documents. If he receives multiple purchases from the same farmers during that time, he will combine payments. For miscellaneous purchases, such as phone bills, truck repairs, gasoline, etc., the stores assign purchase order numbers to the vendor’s invoice and mail them to him. He holds the documents for payment at the end of the month. If he receives a bill after he has already prepared checks, he often holds it until the end of the following month before sending payment. Again, he will combine payments if he receives multiple bills from the same vendor. The AP Clerk stamps each document with the check number, the check amount, and the date paid. After writing the checks and sending out the payments, he packages all the documents (meat purchase documents and miscellaneous invoices) and delivers them to CEO’s office. Summary of Interview with a store Supervisor The supervisor's duties are similar to supervisor duties at all the stores. Being supervisor is only a part-time responsibility. Most of the time, he is just another employee at the store, buying animals, preparing meat for delivery to customers, making deliveries, etc. Customers call to place orders for future deliveries. Usually, they order about one week in advance. The store employees know most of the customers by name and also know what types of meat they prefer. They also know what types of meat will likely be available, so they try to steer the orders to those meat. They record customer orders in the store’s order log. Then, every morning they look at the log to estimate the types of meat and quantities that they need to buy for the day. They don’t buy meat for specific orders, instead, they try to get enough meat of each type to meet all the orders for that day. Each morning, one employee hops in a truck and drives to the local pier to buy the freshest available meat from farmers to fulfill customers’ orders. The employee carefully selects the best meat and loads them into the truck. Sometimes, it is not possible to get the specific types and quantities that the customers ordered, but other high quality meat is available. In that case, the employee will buy the other meat and contact the customers to see if they’re willing to modify their orders. The purchase document identifies the purchase number (sequential), the farmer number, the purchasing employee, the truck VIN (to track mileage), the type of meat, the quantity purchased in lbs., and the purchase price. The meat is purchased at the prevailing market price that day. On occasion, one purchase can involve multiple types of meat, although typically one purchase is for one type of meat. When the truck returns to the store with the purchased meat, all the employees unload the truck, clean the meat, and place it on ice for delivery to the customers in the afternoon. The employees then prepare the delivery documents. Those documents list the customers’ original order number, the order date, the delivery (sale) date, the truck VIN used to deliver the meat (to track mileage), the types and quantities of meat both ordered and sold, and the sale price. The CEO sets the sales prices for all stores, and those prices can change periodically. One customer order can (and typically does) involve several types of meat. Each afternoon, the employees load the truck for the deliveries to customers. One employee then delivers the meat. Each customer receives the meat and the delivery document. They then pay for all their deliveries by the end of the month. They send the payment to the address listed on the delivery document (currently the address of the New York store). When the employee returns to the store, we put all the delivery documents in an envelope and mail them to the CEO. Summary of Interview with a store Payroll Clerk Post maintains the payroll records. Each employee fills out his/her timecard each day. At the end of each month, each store supervisor collects employee timecards, checks them for accuracy, and sends them by overnight delivery to Post. If a timecard looks like it may be incorrect, the supervisor asks the employee to correct it. Post then prepares the payroll checks and sends them to the addresses designated for each employee. Once the checks are mailed, Post mails the timecards and copies of the checks to the CEO. Summary of Interview a store Accounts Receivable Clerk The account receivable clerk receives payments from customers at the end of each month. She assigns sequential cash receipt numbers to each incoming payment, recording the customer number, the receipt date, and the receipt amount. Each day, She deposits all checks received in the bank. Next, she mails the list of cash receipts along with a copy of the deposit slip to the CEO . She maintains that she is really not an accounts receivable clerk, because she never knows how much the customer owes; she just knows how much she received and deposited. Summary of Interview with an Employee The employee described the customer refund process. The company guarantees satisfaction and provides complete refunds if the customer is unhappy with any meat received on an order. The customer calls the local store and reports a problem with the meat. The employee that answers the phone immediately prepares a refund authorization. If the customer hasn’t yet paid for that order, the employee instructs the customer to take that amount off their bill. In that case, the employee then sends the refund authorization directly to the CEO for informational purposes. If the customer has paid for that order, the employee notifies the customer that they will receive a check within about a week. The employee sends the refund authorization form to the accounts payable clerk, who sends the customer a check. Then, the refund authorization and the payment information are forwarded to the ceo.

(1)   Gap analysis is used to measure the direct effect of interest rate changes on bank earnings. Suppose that the interest rate has risen. If the amount of variable-rate assets of a bank is greater than the amount of variable-rate liabilities, will the net earnings of the bank increase or decrease?
If the amount of variable-rate liabilities of a bank is greater than the amount of variable-rate assets, will the net earnings of the bank increase or decrease?
(2)   Explain the duration of a security.
(3)   How is the duration of a security different from the maturity of a security?