Leopold was clearly offering an alternative definition of, and orientation for, conservation. Though it sounds simplistic, for Leopold, conservation required the establishment of a state of harmony between humans and nature, which implied a commitment to two principles: that we strive to understand how the natural world functions; and that we practice precaution in our use of the natural world. These two principles are well reflected in the following excerpts from a couple of Leopold’s better known essays.

Health is the capacity of the land for self-renewal. Conservation is our effort to understand and preserve this capacity. - 'The Land Ethic' (1949)

The last word in ignorance is the man (sic) who says of an animal or plant: "What good is it?" If the land mechanism as a whole is good, then every part is good, whether we understand it or not. If the biota, in the course of aeons, has built something we like but do not understand, then who but a fool would discard seemingly useless parts? To keep every cog and wheel is the first precaution of intelligent tinkering. - 'Round River' (1953)

This call to think ecologically was loudly heard again later in the century with the publication of Rachel Carson’s 1962 book, Silent Spring, which publicized the impacts of agricultural pesticides on wildlife and human health. While Carson’s book was largely read as a warning to humanity, consistent with the shallow, human-centred, form of environmentalism that emerged in the late 1960s, her real intent was arguably to challenge us to recognize our existence within ecosystems and the utter foolishness of non-ecological thinking.

Activity Thinking Ecologically

you are asked to think about how the use of a highly persistent and broad spectrum insecticide like dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) shows ignorance of ecological thinking? Put another way, why would an ecologist think that it makes little sense to use DDT? Can you come up with three (3) points?

Please do little research and provide the reference (thank you )

For our final assignment, please apply MS-Excel spreadsheets to solve the (A) WACC, (B) Internal Rate of Return, and (C) Net Present Value of a miniature golf course project under consideration.

You may discuss key concepts with your team member, but you should work on this assignment on an individual basis

For submission, please prepare two files to upload.

The first file is an MS-Excel file with functions applied to solve the problems, as we introduced in class. The second file is an MS-Word (or text/PDF) file to provide your answers and discussion of this question.

 ~~~ ~~~

Outdoor Sports is considering adding a miniature golf course to its facility. Given the following information for Outdoor Sports, please find the (A) WACC, (B) Internal Rate of Return, and (C) Net Present Value of this project. Assume the company's tax rate is 34 percent.

[Project]

The miniature golf course would cost $138,000, would be depreciated on a straight-line basis over its five-year life, and would have a zero salvage value. The estimated income from the golfing fees would be $72,000 a year with $24,000 of that amount being variable cost. The fixed cost would be $11,600. In addition, the firm anticipates an additional $14,000 in revenue from its existing facilities if the golf course is added. The project will require $3,000 of net working capital, which is recoverable at the end of the project.

[Financial data]

Debt: 7,500, 8.4 percent coupon bonds outstanding. $1,000 par value, 22 years to maturity, selling for 103 percent of par, the bonds make semiannual payments.

Common stock: 195,000 shares outstanding, selling for $78 per share, beta is 1.21.

Preferred stock: 11,000 shares of 6.35 percent preferred stock outstanding, currently selling for $76 per share.

Market: 8 percent market risk premium and 5.1 percent risk-free rate.

Vegfrost Corporation produces cases of frozen food. During May, the company produced and sold 1,450 cases of food and incurred the following actual costs:

Variable overhead £11,000

Fixed overhead £26,000

Actual labour cost (8,000 direct-labour hours) £151,200

Actual material cost (30,000 kilos purchased and used) £66,000

The actual selling price per case was £240.

Overheads are budgeted and applied using direct-labour hours in a standard costing system.

Standard cost and budget information for May are as follows:

Standard cost per case:

Direct labour (5 hours at £18 per hour)    £90

Direct material (20 kilos at £2 per kilo) £40

Variable overhead (5 direct-labour hours at £1.50 per hour)    £7.50

Fixed overhead (5 direct-labour hours at £3 per hour)    £15

Total £152.50

May sales budget information:

Budgeted revenues £345,000

Budgeted selling price per case    £230

Given the perishable nature of the product, to prepare the budget, Vegfrost assumed that all

cases produced in May would be sold (there is no inventory of cases).


Required:

a) Prepare a budgeted profit and loss statement and an actual profit and loss statement for May, using a contribution margin format, and indicate the total profit variance.

b) Flex the budget; calculate the flexible budget variances for all items and the overall flexible budget variance. Indicate if each variance is favourable or unfavourable. When flexing the budget, please note that ‘output volume’ for this business is the number of cases produced and sold.

c) Reconcile actual and planned profit by analysing the variances for sales revenue and all costs items, separately. Be as specific as you can using the data available.

d) In a report format, present the results of the analysis to the owners of Vegfrost and explain them the reasons for the variances. Advise the owners and indicate which additional data you would recommend them to collect to improve the analysis and why.
Word limit: 600 words

Instructions:

Quite often, I have heard many people say that "a managers job is simply to tell people what to do." I sometimes wonder if that is true! Hey, I just thought of a great idea. Instead of just wondering if that statement has any validity to it, let's just ask a manager.

Your task for this week is to interview a manager.  It can be a present or past manager or someone whom you have never worked with. You may choose any organization you wish - perhaps one in which you or a family member/friend have worked. Feel free to choose a for-profit or not-for-profit organization. Below is a list of questions to help get you started.

• What are their responsibilities?
• What is their managerial hierarchy level? How many people do they report to directly?
• What is the most challenging part of their job?
• How many of the four basic management principles do they use? (planning, organizing, leading and controlling)
• What is their managerial span of control?
• How important to their job are technical, conceptual, interpersonal, and communication skills?
• What is their primary leadership style? Does that style work for most situations or do they sometimes use a different approach?

Once you have completed your interviews, develop a summary of your findings that includes:

• A brief summary of the organization and its purpose (you may withhold the name if you wish).
• A description of the industry in which the organization exists (list major competitors if appropriate).
• A description of the manager and his/her position within the organization (withhold the name).
• Your paper should include: Two (2) Full Pages, Typed, Double Space, Font Size 12- Times Roman, MLA Format with a Minimum of (2) Cited Sources.

Your thoughtful input should reflect application of concepts studied in this module, and should reflect proper use of English grammar, spelling, punctuation, word usage, sentence structure, and paragraph structure.

Using Virtualbox in Debian, write a simple program (a single .cpp file) in Linux shell C++

Rules:

-Use fork(), exec(), wait(), and exit()

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

-A line of input represents a token group.

-Each token group will result in the shell forking a new process and then executing the process.

e.g. cat –n myfile.txt // a token group

-Every token group must begin with a word that is called the command(see example above). The words immediately following a command are calledarguments(e.g. there are two arguments for the catcommand above).A command may be followed bynone, one, or more argumentsas the command allows to have.

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Shell Commands:

ls: a token group containing one token(i.e.a command)

ls -l: a token group containing two tokens (i.e.a command and an argument)

sort infile: a tokengroup containingtwo tokens (i.e.acommand and an argument)

dir: a token group containingonly one token (i.e.a command)

sort –dinfile: atoken group containingthree tokens (i.e.a command and two arguments)

cat infile: a token group containing two tokens (i.e.a command and an argument)

Lines of input are interpreted once their tokens are correctly extracted.Your shell should first print a # sign to the screen representing a prompt and wait there until the user types in a command. Your shell then spawns a child process to carry out the command.When yourshell finishes processingthe current line, it prints a # sign again to the screen waiting for the user to type in another command.This process is repeated until the user presses Ctrl-C to terminate your shell.

-Every command is to be interpreted as a valid Linux executable to be executed.

-All commands are assumed to be in the current directory.

-After interpreting a command, the shell should wait for the forked processto terminate before processingthe next line of input.

The program should be able to extract tokens from each input line entered by the user. If you have problems with extracting tokens from input lines, you may use the C++ library function strtok() to do it.

Instructions:

Quite often, I have heard many people say that "a managers job is simply to tell people what to do." I sometimes wonder if that is true! Hey, I just thought of a great idea. Instead of just wondering if that statement has any validity to it, let's just ask a manager.

Your task for this week is to interview a manager.  It can be a present or past manager or someone whom you have never worked with. You may choose any organization you wish - perhaps one in which you or a family member/friend have worked. Feel free to choose a for-profit or not-for-profit organization. Below is a list of questions to help get you started.

• What are their responsibilities?
• What is their managerial hierarchy level? How many people do they report to directly?
• What is the most challenging part of their job?
• How many of the four basic management principles do they use? (planning, organizing, leading and controlling)
• What is their managerial span of control?
• How important to their job are technical, conceptual, interpersonal, and communication skills?
• What is their primary leadership style? Does that style work for most situations or do they sometimes use a different approach?

Once you have completed your interviews, develop a summary of your findings that includes:

• A brief summary of the organization and its purpose (you may withhold the name if you wish).
• A description of the industry in which the organization exists (list major competitors if appropriate).
• A description of the manager and his/her position within the organization (withhold the name).
• Your paper should include: Two (2) Full Pages, Typed, Double Space, Font Size 12- Times Roman, MLA Format with a Minimum of (2) Cited Sources.

Your thoughtful input should reflect application of concepts studied in this module, and should reflect proper use of English grammar, spelling, punctuation, word usage, sentence structure, and paragraph structure.

RET Inc. currently has two products, low and high priced stoves. REX Inc. has decided to sell a new line of medium-priced stoves. Sales revenues for the new line of stoves are estimated at $600 a year. Variable costs are 60% of sales. The project is expected to last 10 years. Also, non-variable costs are $200 per year. The company has spent $100 in research and a marketing study that determined the company will have synergy gains/sales of $200 a year from sales of its existing high-priced stoves. The production variable cost of these sales is $100 a year.

The plant and equipment required for producing the new line of stoves costs $300 and will be depreciated down to zero over 30 years using straight-line depreciation. It is expected that the plant and equipment can be sold (salvage value) for $50 at the end of 10 years. The new stoves will also require today an increase in net working capital of $20 that will be returned at the end of the project.

The tax rate is 20 percent and the cost of capital is 10%.

1. What is the initial outlay (IO) for this project?

2. What is the annual Earnings before Interests, and Taxes (EBIT) for this project?                                    

3. What is the annual net operating profits after taxes (NOPAT) for this project?

4. What is the annual incremental net cash flow (operating cash flow: OCF) for this project?

5. What is the remaining book value for the plant at equipment at the end of the project?

6. What is the cash flow due to tax on salvage value for this project? Enter a negative # if it is a tax gain. For example, if your answer is a tax on capital gains of $3,004.80 then enter   -3,005 ; if your answer is a tax shelter from a capital loss of $1,000.20 then enter 1,000

7. What is the project's cash flow for year 10 for this project?

8. Is the Net Present Value (NPV) for this project positive or negative? Just write the word positive or negative

Analyze 1 of the following government intervention programs:

• Countercyclical fiscal policies (countering economic disruptions such as the housing bubble and the Great Recession)
• US agriculture support programs
• Assistance for Low Income Families (choose 1)
• Housing vouchers
• Earned Income Tax Credit (including Child Tax Credit)
• Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP)
• Low income healthcare (choose 1)
• Medicaid (including Children's Health Insurance Program).
• Affordable Care Act expansion
• Social insurance programs (choose 1)
• Old Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance (OASDI)
• Medicare
• Unemployment insurance

Write a 700- to 1,050-word summary of your analysis. Identify the intervention and the market failure leading up to the intervention. Complete the following in your paper:

• Analyze the arguments for government intervention as opposed to arguments for market-based solutions.Hint:See the information about market failures.
• Examine who has been helped and who has been hurt by the selected government intervention.
• Examine externalities and unintended consequences of such intervention. For example, consider whether the SNAP program and health coverage for low-income families result in higher future tax revenues because low-income children grow up healthier and produce higher incomes over their lifetimes.
• Analyze whether cost of the intervention you selected as a share of GDP or the number of participants is increasing,decreasing, or varies with the state of the economy, based on the cost trend(or number of participants) since its inception or since 2000.
• Analyze credible economists’ opinions on the success or failure of the intervention that you chose in achieving its objectives.
• Recommend whether the program should be continued as is, discontinued, or modified based on your conclusions. Defend your recommendation.

References

https://www.congress.gov/bill/111th-congress/house-bill/1/text

https://projects.propublica.org/bailout/

https://www.bea.gov/

https://www.congress.gov/110/plaws/publ343/PLAW-110publ343.pdf

https://www.frbsf.org/

https://fred.stlouisfed.org/

http://www.oecd.org/

https://www.bls.gov/

https://www.census.gov/

This exercise requires designing a program which solves the problem described in the problem statement below. Provide comments in your pseudo-code and Java program as necessary.

Your solution must include these components:

1. UML Class diagram
2. Flowchart
3. Pseudo-code
4. Program Coded
5. Program Output

Problem Statement

Design a class named Pet, which should have the following fields:

• name: The name field holds the name of a pet.

• type: The type field hold the type of animal that a pet is (for example, “dog”, “cat”, “bird”)

• age: The age field holds the pet’s age.

The Pet class should also have the following methods:

• setName: the setName method stores a value in the name field.

• setType: the setType method stores a value in the type field

• setAge: the setAge method stores a value in the age field.

• getName: the getName method returns the value of the name field.

• getType: The getType method returns the value of the type field.

• getAge: the getAge method returns the value of the age field.

Once you have designed the class, design a program that creates an object of the class and prompts the user to enter the name, type, and age of his or her pet. This data should be stored in the object. Use the object’s accessor methods to retrieve the pet’s name, type, and age and display this data on the screen.

Expected Output

Your results should be similar to the following:

Please enter the name of your pet: Maestro

Please enter the type of your pet: dog

Please enter the age of your pet: 8

The name of your pet is Maestro.

Maestro is a dog.

Maestro is 8 years old.

Submission

Submit your assignment as a Microsoft Word document (.docx) with all components in the one document. Once submitted, the answer will be revealed.

Grading

This practice problem is NOT graded. However, you must complete the practice problem and survey before your graded programming assignment problem will be revealed.