Health Insurance and Economy

When dealing with public health policy and laws, we need to consider various aspects of the economy. Concepts of efficiency can be utilized when deciding which goods and services should be produced and who should receive them.

The three types of efficiencies are allocative, production, and technical. The two types of health economics are positive and normative. Positive Economics deals with "what is" or the current status that is linked to a clear standard of measurement. Normative economics deals with "what ought to be" and is subject to interpretation with the moral or ethical aspects of a policy. Your lecture has more details.

Using South University Online Library or the Internet, search the article, “The Interplay of Public Health Law and Industry Self-Regulation: The Case of Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Sales in Schools."

On the basis of the article and your understanding on the topic, write a 3- to 4-page essay in a Microsoft Word document on the three types of economic efficiencies and both positive and normative economics as it relates to regulating sugar-sweetened beverage sales in schools.

Support your statements with at least two other scholarly sources, correctly formatted in APA style. This assignment requires a title page, an introduction, a body, a conclusion, and a separate reference page.

Submission Details:

Support your responses with reasoning and examples.

Cite any sources in APA format.

Name your document SU_PHE3050_W2_A2_LastName_FirstInitial.doc.

Submit your document to the Submissions Area by the due date assigned.

Reference:

Mello, M. M., Pomeranz, J., & Moran, P. (2008). The interplay of public health law and industry self-regulation: The case of sugar-sweetened beverage sales in schools. American Journal of Public Health, 98(4). 595–604.

.     For each of the following two situations, draw a diagram of the exchange rate market for U.S. dollars showing clearly the demand and supply of U.S. dollars in exchange for Japanese yen. Identify the initial equilibrium.

Next illustrate on the diagrams the impact of each of the following events. Then draw a conclusion on the resulting impact on the exchange rate.

(All axes, curves, and points should be clearly labeled to receive full credit)

1. An increased preference for American goods by Japanese consumers. For example, suppose that American firms come to dominate the video game market, with games that are more exciting and realistic than those produced in Japan. Or, Japanese airlines might find that U.S.-built aircraft are superior to others and decide to expand the number of American-made planes in their fleets.

2. The interest-rate on one-year Japanese government bonds rises relative to the interest rate on similar one-year U.S. Treasury bills. (4pts)

The Kaiser Family Foundation commissioned an extensive survey in 2004 that investigated the degree to which American youth from ages 8-18 have access to various forms of media. They distributed written questionnaires to a random sample of 2032 youths in this age range. One of the many questions asked youths about whether or not they have a television in their bedroom, to which 68% answered yes. Additionally, 49% reported having a video game player and 31% reported having a computer in their bedroom.  

Determine a 95% confidence interval for the population proportion of American youths who have a video game player in their bedrooms. Report the lower endpoint of the interval.

Determine a 95% confidence interval for the proportion who have a computer in their bedrooms. Report the upper endpoint of the interval.

Find and report the margin of error for the 95% confidence interval for the proportion of American youths with a computer in their bedrooms.

International students from Asian countries often have trouble adjusting to American classrooms. Researchers hypothesize that Asian students might talk less often. A study evaluated the propensity of Asian males to speak in class. On the scale in the study, American males have a mean of 10.0. A random sample of 64 Asian males had a sample mean of 8.75 and sample standard deviation of 2.57. Conduct a hypothesis test at α = 0.05 to see if Asian males speak less often than the population of American males .A. [3] What are the null and alternative hypotheses? B. [3] Are the conditions for a hypothesis test satisfied? Why or why not? C. [3] What is the rejection region?D. [5] Compute the test value. E. [3] Make a decision and briefly explain why you made your decision. F. [3] Write a sentence explaining your decision in context.

In the first week of November, 2005, the Gallup Organization surveyed 1000 American adults and found that 220 of them had smoked at least one cigarette in the past week.  In 1990 Gallup also asked 1000 American adults the same question in the first week of November and determined that 270 had smoked at least one cigarette in the previous week.  Is there significant evidence the proportion of American adults who smoked at least one cigarette in the previous week was less in November, 2005 than in November, 1990?

What are the null and alternative hypotheses?  State these using symbols, not words (carefully define your symbols).

Calculate the test statistic.

What is the P-value for this test?

What do you conclude at the 0.05 level of significance?

Construct a 95% confidence interval for the difference between the two population proportions of 2005 and 1990.

TV advertising agencies face growing challenges in reaching audience members because viewing TV programs via digital streaming is increasingly popular. The Harris poll reported on November 13, 2012 that 53% of 2343 American adults surveyed said they have watched digitally streamed TV programming on some type of device. Someone claimed that fewer than 50% of American adults watch digitally streamed TV programming.

a) What is the distribution of the sample proportion for this scenario? Justify your answer.

b) Use an appropriate statistic to test at α = 0.05 the claim that fewer than 50% of American adults watch digitally streamed TV.

Write the null and alternative hypotheses, write down the assumptions, calculate the value of the test statistic, determine the p-value,

state your conclusion in the context of the original question.

1.     Look at each of the cases below from the point of view of the balance of payments for the United States. Determine the subcategory of the current account or financial account that each transaction would be classified in, and state whether it would enter as a credit or debit.

a.    The U.S. government sells gold for dollars.

b.   A migrant worker in California sends $500 home to his village in Mexico.

c.    An American mutual fund manager uses the deposits of his fund investors to buy Brazilian telecommunication stocks.

d.   A Japanese firm in Tennessee buys car parts from a subsidiary in Malaysia.

e.    An American church donates five tons of rice to the Sudan to help with famine relief.

f.    An American retired couple flies from Seattle to Tokyo on Japan Airlines.

g.    The Mexican government sells pesos to the United States Treasury and buys dollars.

Suppose that American Eagle Outtters, headquartered in SouthsideWorks, is financed solely by common stock. It has 170 million shares outstanding at a price of $18 per share. It announces that it intends to issue $1 billion of debt and use the proceeds to buy back common stock. The debt beta will be zero. The risk-free rate is 2%, the expected return on the market portfolio is 9.7%, and American Eagle Outtters's asset beta is 1.2.

(a) How is the market price of its stock affected by the announcement?

(b) How many shares can the company buy back with the $1 billion of new debt that it issues?

(c) What is its firm value before and after the change in its capital structure?

(d) What is American Eagle Outtters' debt ratio after the change in its capital structure?

(e) What is its cost of equity after restructuring?

During the 1950s, the United States imported wool from Great Britain, exporting wheat, while Great Britain imported wheat from the United States, exporting wool. In 1957 Hungarian-American economist Bela Balassa compared the production of wool and wheat in the United States and Great Britain. For both of these products, Balassa found that the United States could produce a larger amount of output than Great Britain. Some American politicians used this result to argue that there was no gain to the United States from continuing to import wool from Great Britain. Were the American politicians correct? Explain whether or not gains from free trade exist when one of the trading countries has the absolute
advantage in producing both goods. Explain why or why not gains from trade would exist in this case and what determines whether gains from trade exist