Overfeeding, Disuse, and Cardiometabolic Outcomes

1. Explain why a child who goes to school without eating breakfast would have difficulty concentrating on schoolwork.

2. Explain why caloric restriction alone would not be a feasible way to attain a 3:1 SER. List several other strategies for achieving a 3:1 SER.

3. Describe three cellular impairments resulting from substrate build-up in the cell. How do these cellular impairments relate to whole-body metabolic function?

4. Rank the risk factors of obesity, smoking, hypertension, and physical inactivity according to their level of public health burden. Be ready to justify your ranking.

5. In addition to the multisector strategies for improving population levels of physical activity described at the end of the chapter, list five of your own. How feasible would your strategies be to enact?

6. Does a ban on the sale of large sugary drinks (think Big Gulp or Double Gulp at 7-Eleven) make sense for public health practice? Why or why not?

Maternal Biology

1. Approximately 50% of pregnancies in the United States are unintended. In thinking about embryology, why is this a significant public health concern?

2. Fetal alcohol exposure is the leading cause of mental retardation in the United States. The data reveal a direct dose–response relationship between the amount of maternal alcohol consumption and the severity of adverse fetal outcomes; however, they do not identify a minimum threshold of effect.

• Discuss how these data inform the opinions of the CDC, ACOG, the American College of Nurse-Midwives, and other major health organizations that assert there is no safe level of alcohol consumption in pregnancy.

• How would you explain these data in simple terms to a friend who asks you if it is safe to have a few drinks in pregnancy?

3. In February 2016, the CDC provoked significant controversy with the release of the following recommendations in the Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 2011-2013.

Three in four women who wanted to get pregnant as soon as possible reported drinking alcohol, putting them at risk for an alcohol-exposed pregnancy. Any sexually active woman of reproductive age who is drinking alcohol and not using birth control is at risk for an ­alcohol-exposed pregnancy.

To help prevent adverse consequences of alcohol consumption during pregnancy, health care providers should discuss and recommend, as appropriate, available contraception methods to women who are sexually active and drink alcohol.

• What was the likely intent of this public health message?

• Discuss some of the possible sources of controversy. What assumptions did the CDC make about its target audience? What might have been some effects of these assumptions?

• One of the major challenges in public health is to develop and disseminate messages that address risky health behaviors, while also not infringing on an individual’s sense of personal freedom or choice. Given your knowledge of pregnancy, embryology, and prenatal care, discuss alternative public health strategies for addressing fetal alcohol syndrome in the United States.

Aging

1. List several political, social, and economic consequences of having a shrinking workforce population (aged 18–64 years) relative to a growing population of older adults (≥ 65 years) in developed countries.

2. Let’s assume a marathon runner maintained exactly the same training regimen through middle age and after menopause. Describe the trajectory over 10 years in her marathon times and her body weight and why this might be so.

3. Discuss the pros and cons of compressing morbidity within a set life expectancy vs. extending the life expectancy without attempting to compress morbidity.

4. How can you help an older parent or relative to “age in place”? What would need to happen?

5. Create your own 2020 Health Objectives for older people.

P11.6 The following data relate to the Plant Assets account of Keller Inc. at December 31, 2019:

Note: In the year an asset is purchased, Keller does not record any depreciation expense on the asset. In the year an asset is retired or traded in, Keller takes a full year's depreciation on the asset.

The following transactions occurred during 2020:

• 1. On May 5, Asset A was sold for $16,500 cash. The company's bookkeeper recorded this retirement as follows:

  Cash		16,500
  Asset A				16,500

• 2. On December 31, it was determined that Asset B had been used 3,200 hours during 2020.
• 3. On December 31, before calculating depreciation expense on Asset C, Keller management decided that Asset C's remaining useful life should be nine years as of year end.
• 4. On December 31, it was discovered that a piece of equipment purchased in 2019 had been expensed completely in that year. The asset cost $31,000, had a useful life of 10 years when it was acquired, and had no residual value. Management has decided to use the double-declining-balance method for this asset, which can be referred to as “Asset E.” Ignore income taxes.

Instructions

a. Prepare any necessary adjusting journal entries required at December 31, 2020, as well as any entries to record depreciation for 2020. Round all amounts to the nearest dollar.

b.  As an owner of Keller Inc., do you have any concerns with respect to the bookkeeper's work?

Conrad Playground Supply underwent a restructuring in 2021. The company conducted a thorough internal audit, during which the following facts were discovered. The audit occurred during 2021 before any adjusting entries or closing entries are prepared.

1. Additional computers were acquired at the beginning of 2019 and added to the company’s office network. The $49,500 cost of the computers was inadvertently recorded as maintenance expense. Computers have five-year useful lives and no material salvage value. This class of equipment is depreciated by the straight-line method.
2. Two weeks prior to the audit, the company paid $21,500 for assembly tools and recorded the expenditure as office supplies. The error was discovered a week later.
3. On December 31, 2020, merchandise inventory was understated by $87,000 due to a mistake in the physical inventory count. The company uses the periodic inventory system.
4. Two years earlier, the company recorded a 4% stock dividend (2,900 common shares, $1 par) as follows:

The shares had a market price at the time of $12 per share.

5. At the end of 2020, the company failed to accrue $122,000 of interest expense that accrued during the last four months of 2020 on bonds payable. The bonds, which were issued at face value, mature in 2025. The following entry was recorded on March 1, 2021, when the semiannual interest was paid, as well as on September 1 of each year:

6. A three-year liability insurance policy was purchased at the beginning of 2020 for $74,700. The full premium was debited to insurance expense at the time.

Required:
For each error, prepare any journal entry necessary to correct the error, as well as any year-end adjusting entry for 2021 related to the situation described. (Ignore income taxes.) (If no entry is required for a transaction/event, select "No journal entry required" in the first account field.)

Conrad Playground Supply underwent a restructuring in 2021. The company conducted a thorough internal audit, during which the following facts were discovered. The audit occurred during 2021 before any adjusting entries or closing entries are prepared.

1. Additional computers were acquired at the beginning of 2019 and added to the company’s office network. The $46,000 cost of the computers was inadvertently recorded as maintenance expense. Computers have five-year useful lives and no material salvage value. This class of equipment is depreciated by the straight-line method.
2. Two weeks prior to the audit, the company paid $18,000 for assembly tools and recorded the expenditure as office supplies. The error was discovered a week later.
3. On December 31, 2020, merchandise inventory was understated by $80,000 due to a mistake in the physical inventory count. The company uses the periodic inventory system.
4. Two years earlier, the company recorded a 5% stock dividend (2,200 common shares, $1 par) as follows:

The shares had a market price at the time of $11 per share.

5. At the end of 2020, the company failed to accrue $108,000 of interest expense that accrued during the last four months of 2020 on bonds payable. The bonds, which were issued at face value, mature in 2025. The following entry was recorded on March 1, 2021, when the semiannual interest was paid, as well as on September 1 of each year:

6. A three-year liability insurance policy was purchased at the beginning of 2020 for $72,600. The full premium was debited to insurance expense at the time.

Required:
For each error, prepare any journal entry necessary to correct the error, as well as any year-end adjusting entry for 2021 related to the situation described. (Ignore income taxes.) (If no entry is required for a transaction/event, select "No journal entry required" in the first account field.)

Assignment Problem Three - 14 (Employment Income)

For the past five years, Mr. Brooks has been employed as a financial analyst by a large Canadian

public firm located in Winnipeg. During 2020, his basic gross salary amounts to $63,000. In addition, he was awarded an $11,000 bonus based on the performance of his division. Of the total bonus, $6,500 was paid in 2020 and the remainder is to be paid on January 15, 2020.

During 2020, Mr. Brooks’ employer withheld the following amounts from his gross wages:

Other Information:

1. Due to an airplane accident while flying back from Thunder Bay on business, Mr. Brooks was seriously injured and confined to a hospital for two full months during 2020. As his employer provides complete group disability insurance coverage, he received a total of $4,200 in payments during this period. All of the premiums for this insurance plan are paid by the employer. The plan provides periodic benefits that compensate for lost employment income.
2. Mr. Brooks is provided with a car that the company leases at a rate of $678 per month, including both GST and PST. The company pays for all of the operating costs of the car, and these amounted to $3,500 during 2020. Mr. Brooks drove the car a total of 35,000 kilome- tres during 2020, 30,000 kilometres of which were carefully documented as employment- related travel. While he was in the hospital (see Item 1), his employer required that the car be returned to company premises.
3. In order to assist Mr. Brooks in acquiring a new personal residence in Winnipeg, his employer granted him a five year, interest free loan of $125,000. The loan qualifies as a home reloca- tion loan. The loan was granted on October 1, 2020, and, at this point in time, the interest rate on open five year mortgages was 5 percent. Assume the relevant ITR 4301 rate was 2 percent on this date. Mr. Brooks purchases a house for $235,000 on October 2, 2020. He has not owned a home during any of the preceding four years.
4. Other disbursements made by Mr. Brooks include the following:

Mr. Brooks’ employer reimbursed him for the tuition fees for the accounting course, but not the music course.

Required: Calculate Mr. Brooks’ net employment income for the taxation year ending December 31, 2020.

Venture capital financing is a type of funding which assembles cash from investors and lends it to startup businesses that have high potential for success. Venture capital investments usually encompass very high risk; however, the reward has the potential to exceed the risk. The process for acquiring venture capital financing sometimes is complicated, but generally there are five stages in the process of procuring venture capital financing.

• Discuss the five main stages in the process of venture capital financing.

1. Who started Facebook? How old was he then? Now? How much control does the founding CEO have over his firm? Why? Why was he able to demand and receive control of Facebook, even as the firm went public? What strategic factors were at work in Facebook’s rise that gave the founder such leverage? Who is Facebook’s COO? What is that person’s role, responsibilities, and accomplishments?