Question 2
Mrs. Wong, a 75-year-old woman, is admitted to the hospital with community-acquired pneumonia
(CAP) suspected of a bacterial cause. She has a long history of diabetes requiring regular medical
treatment. Mrs. Wong is experiencing typical signs and symptoms of pneumonia including shortness
of breath, high fever, cough with purulent sputum, etc. and she looks very ill. A sample of sputum
has been sent for laboratory investigation together with other diagnostic tests completed including
chest X-rays. With the high risk of developing systemic infection in Mrs. Wong, the doctor therefore
prescribed broad-spectrum beta-lactam antibiotics for her while waiting for the test results to further
confirm her diagnosis.
a. Describe THREE factors that must be evaluated by the doctor when prescribing antimicrobial
treatment for Mrs. Wong. Explain each of them in details and provide rationales (or examples) to
support your answer as necessary.
b. Differentiate between broad-spectrum and narrow-spectrum antibiotics. Describe the antibacterial
actions of broad-spectrum beta-lactam antibiotics and suggest ONE example of drug from this
class that is more likely to be effective in treating the CAP of Mrs. Wong.
c. The laboratory report confirmed that the CAP of Mrs. Wong is caused by the most common
infectious agent. Suggest ONE type of systemic infection that can be caused by this agent and
describe the clinical presentation of this condition. Name TWO virulence factors of this infectious
agent and briefly describe how they contribute to the pathogenesis of infection in Mrs. Wong. (10
marks)
~ END

1. The Fed kept the Federal Funds rate target unchanged at 5.25% from June 2006 to September 2007. However, the effective Federal Funds rate dropped from 5.41% on August 9th 2007 to 4.54% on August 14th 2007. If the Fed did not take any monetary measures from August 9th 2007 to August 14th 2007, graphically show what could have caused the decrease in the Federal Funds rate. If you were the Fed’s chairman, what measures would you take to achieve the 5.25% target. Use the diagram of the reserve market to support your answer.

As reported in College Teaching, in a 2006 article entitled “Humor in Pedagogy: How Ha-Ha Can Lead to Aha” (Vol. 54, Issue 1), R. L. Garner randomly assigned 117 undergraduates to “review lecture videos” on statistics research methods. The videos either did or did not have short bits of humor inserted. Students who viewed the humor-added version of the video gave significantly higher ratings in their opinion of the lesson, how well the lesson communicated information, and the quality of the instructor. Even more importantly, that same group of students also recalled and retained significantly more information on the topic.

Determine whether each variable is an explanatory variable or a response variable.

Enter the number of the term that corresponds to each choice:

1. Students' opinion of lesson
2. Students' rating of the quality of instructor
3. Humor condition of the video (i.e., with or without short bits of humor)
4. Students' ratings of how well lesson communicated information

Is this an experiment? y/n

A CBS News poll conducted June 10 and 11, 2006, among a nationwide random sample of 651 adults, asked those adults about their party affiliation (Democrat, Republican or none) and their opinion of how the US economy was changing ("getting better," "getting worse" or "about the same"). The results are shown in the table below.

Express each of your first five answers as a decimal and round to the nearest 0.001 (in other words, type 0.123, not 12.3% or 0.123456).

What fraction of survey respondents identified themselves as Republicans?

What fraction of survey respondents thought the economy was getting better?

What fraction of Republicans thought the economy was getting better?

Among survey respondents who thought the economy was getting better, what fraction were Republicans?

What fraction of survey respondents were Republicans who thought the economy was getting better?

The three pie charts below show the opinions about the economy for each of party:

Democrats
36.9%58.1%gettingbetter5.1%about thesame36.9%gettingworse58.1%

Republicans
20.4%23.7%55.9%gettingbetter20.4%about thesame55.9%gettingworse23.7%

none
39.3%51.5%gettingbetter9.2%about thesame39.3%gettingworse51.5%

Based on these pie charts, is there evidence that opinion about the economy is independent of party affiliation? Choose the statement below that best answers this question.

• There is evidence that opinion about the economy depends on party affiliation.
• There is evidence that party affiliation and opinion about the economy are dependent.
• There is evidence that opinion about the economy is not independent of party affiliation.
• There is evidence that party affiliation depends on opinion about the economy.
• There is evidence that opinion about the economy is independent of party affiliation.

Ball (2006, p.17) makes the following comment: “In sum, even a cursory review of the political and economic diversity amongst IFRS adopting nations, and of their past and present financial reporting practices, makes the notion that uniform standards alone will produce uniform financial reporting seem naïve.” Critically assess the validity of Ball’s comments and discuss five factors which lead to national differences in accounting (Hint: treat different cultural dimensions as one factor).

A CBS News poll conducted June 10 and 11, 2006, among a nationwide random sample of 651 adults, asked those adults about their party affiliation (Democrat, Republican or none) and their opinion of how the US economy was changing ("getting better," "getting worse" or "about the same"). The results are shown in the table below.

Express each of your first five answers as a decimal and round to the nearest 0.001 (in other words, type 0.123, not 12.3% or 0.123456).

What proportion of survey respondents identified themselves as Republicans?

What proportion of survey respondents thought the economy was getting worse?

What proportion of Republicans thought the economy was getting worse?

Among survey respondents who thought the economy was getting worse, what proportion were Republicans?

What proportion of survey respondents were Republicans who thought the economy was getting worse?

The three pie charts below show the opinions about the economy for each of party:

Democrats
36.9%58.1%gettingbetter5.1%about thesame36.9%gettingworse58.1%

Republicans
20.4%23.7%55.9%gettingbetter20.4%about thesame55.9%gettingworse23.7%

none
39.3%51.5%gettingbetter9.2%about thesame39.3%gettingworse51.5%

Based on these pie charts, is there evidence that opinion about the economy is independent of party affiliation? Choose the statement below that best answers this question.

• There is evidence that opinion about the economy is independent of party affiliation.
• There is evidence that party affiliation depends on opinion about the economy.
• There is evidence that opinion about the economy is not independent of party affiliation.
• There is evidence that opinion about the economy depends on party affiliation.
• There is evidence that party affiliation and opinion about the economy are dependent.

On May 1, 2006, Baxter Corporation sold a $500 million bond issue to finance the purchase of a new distribution facility.  These bonds were issued in $1,000 denominations with a maturity date of May 1, 2026. The bonds have a coupon rate of 10.00% with interest paid semiannually.

Required:

Determinethe value today, May 1, 2018 of one of these bonds to an investor who requires an 8 percent return on these bonds. Why is the value today different from the par value?

Assume that the bonds are selling for $1,352. Determine the current yield and the yield-to-maturity. Explainwhat these terms mean.

Explainwhat layers or textures of risk play a role in the determination of the required rate of return on Baxter’s bonds.

In March 2006, General Motors (GM) announced that it needed to restate its previous year's financial statement. Excerpts from the Wall Street Journal describing the restatements include: GM, which already faces an SEC probe into its accounting practices, also disclosed that its 10-K report, when filed will outline a series of accounting mistakes that will force the car maker to restate its earnings from 2000 to the first quarter of 2005. GM also said it was widening by $2 billion the loss it reported for 2005. Many of the other GM problems relate to rebates, or credits, from suppliers. Typically, suppliers offer an upfront payment in exchange for a promise by the customer to buy certain quantities of products over time. Under accounting rules, such rebates can't be recorded until after the promised purchases are made. GM said it concluded it had mistakenly recorded some of these payments prematurely. The biggest impact was in 2001, when the company said it overstated pre-tax income by $405 million as a result of prematurely recording supplier credits. Because the credits are being moved to later years, the impact in those years was less, and GM said it would have a deferred credit of $548 million that will help reduce costs in future periods. The issue of how to book rebates and other credits from suppliers is a thorny one that has tripped up other companies, ranging from the international supermarket chain Royal Ahold, N.V. to the U.S.-based Kmart Corporation. GM also said it had wrongly recorded a $27 million pre-tax gain from disposing of precious-metals inventory in 2000, which it was obliged to buy back the following year. Gm told investors not to rely on its previously reported results for the first quarter of 2005, saying it had underreported its loss by $149 million. GM said it had prematurely boosted the value it ascribed to cars it was leasing to rental car companies, assuming they would be worth more after the car rental companies were done with them. GM previously had reported a loss of $1.1 billion, or $1.95 a share, for the first quarter. (March 18, 2006) You may assume the amounts are material.

C. Explain the rebates, or upfront rebates, from the companies supplies. Why would the supplies pay the up front credit? What is the proper accounting for the upfront credits? What controls should be in place to account for that upfront credits? How would the auditor test 1.) The controls over the accounting for the upfront credit and 2.) The expenses of certain accounts, are the liability accounts?

D.)Do you believe that the material and the statements were the result of errors or fried? Discuss the reason for your opinion.

a Zimbabwean woman holds a loaf of bread costing 45,000 Zimbabwe dollars in February 2006, equivalent to about 45 cents in US dollars. Zimbabwe's annual inflation jumped to 3,700 percent a few months later.

1. How is it possible that a simple loaf of bread costs Z$45,000 when it's really worth only 45 cents?

2. What problems does this phenomenon cause for Zimbabwean citizens? (Name five).

Note: This is NOT a discussion of foreign exchange. Do NOT get bogged down in different currency values, that is not the point here.