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One of the purposes for studying organizational structure is to determine what the authority relationships are, what the tasks are, and who is responsible for carrying out those tasks. The following story illustrates what happens when the delegation of responsibility is not given to the person in charge of a group of subordinates.

Billy Wagner was a born salesman. He had worked for several companies over the years as a successful salesman. Several times he had been named salesman of the year.

Billy foresaw that metal buildings were a new frontier, and he began to sell them—metal buildings for farms, small businesses, schools, and churches. Billy covered all of Iowa, and he was quite successful in selling the metal buildings. Business was booming so much in Billy’s territory that the metal-building manufacturer and the construction crews were having a problem keeping up with his sales.

To add to the problem, the original manager of the firm (the woman who had hired Billy) resigned and took a job at an airport. Her replacement was full of vim, vigor, and vitality and was determined to get the company rolling again, even though there were some logistical problems that caused the firm to fall further and further behind schedule. After talking to many people (but not Billy) in the firm about the lag in schedule, the new manager finally arrived at a solution. He decided to talk to Billy.

“Billy,” the new manager said confidently, “I know how we can keep up with the schedules. We just need to place a little responsibility in some hands that are strong enough and mature enough to handle it. My investigations have led me to conclude that you can handle this assignment. Now, here’s the plan. Once you have sold a metal building and the construction contract is signed, you are responsible for seeing that the building is erected by the completion date specified in the contract. Understand?”

Billy Wagner thought a moment. He realized this was the kind of challenge that he had always wanted—supreme authority over metal-building delivery. To make sure he understood the new manager, Billy wanted to check one minor item.

“I take it that this means that I’m in charge of the construction crews and can order extra workers and assign overtime as needed, right? And those crews and their straw bosses will know that my word is law, right?”

“Hold on,” the manager choked, “You can’t be in charge of the crews.”

Billy wasn’t through with this argument. “Boss, if I can’t be in charge of the crews and get them moving as I see best, then there’s no way you can hold me responsible for having those buildings up in time.”

These were not words that the new manager wanted to hear. “Now, Billy, you just have to learn how to get along with those crew chiefs, to work with them, and to be cooperative. You just don’t get the point.”

Actually, it was the manager who was not getting the point.

Discussion Questions:

1. What was the organizational problem in this story?

2. Can someone be responsible for something over which that person does not have authority?

3. How should the new manager have handled Billy’s request to be in charge, to be able to order extra workers, to assign overtime, and to know that his word was law?

JAVA

use the example and write program

Choose five international source currencies to monitor. Each currency is referenced with a three letter ISO 4217 currency code. For example, the code for the U.S. Dollar currency is USD. Search online for these abbreviations with a search string such as "ISO 4217 Currency Codes." Place these currency codes in a text file.

The following URL is a link to a CSV file that contains the exchange rate for a given source and target currency. For example, if the source currency is EUR and the target currency is USD, the URL is

http://download.finance.yahoo.com/d/quotes.csv?s=EURUSD=X&f=sl1d1t1ba&e=.csv

Read the five source currencies in the text file that you created in Step 1, dynamically create URLs that are passed to Java Scanner objects to obtain the exchange rates (to USD) for five source currencies from Part 1.

Plot the five exchange rates that you found in Step 2 in a JFreeChart bar chart.

BarChart Example the jfreechart example file.

jfreechart Examples, methods.txt File

=======================================================

// BarChart Example
// Source code file LineChart.java
// Create a bar chart using JFreeChart library.
//
// JAR files jcommon-1.0.23.jar and jfreechart-1.0.19.jar
// must be added to project.

import java.io.*;
import org.jfree.data.category.DefaultCategoryDataset;
import org.jfree.chart.ChartFactory;
import org.jfree.chart.plot.PlotOrientation;
import org.jfree.chart.JFreeChart;
import org.jfree.chart.ChartUtilities;
public class BarChart {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        try {
              
            // Define data for line chart.
            DefaultCategoryDataset barChartDataset =
                new DefaultCategoryDataset();
            barChartDataset.addValue(1435, "total", "East");
            barChartDataset.addValue(978, "total", "North");
            barChartDataset.addValue(775, "total", "South");               
            barChartDataset.addValue(1659, "total", "West");               
               
            // Define JFreeChart object that creates line chart.
            JFreeChart barChartObject = ChartFactory.createBarChart(
                "Sales ($1000)", "Region", "Sales", barChartDataset,
                PlotOrientation.VERTICAL,
                false, // Include legend.
                false, // Include tooltips.
                false); // Include URLs.              
                         
             // Write line chart to a file.              
             int imageWidth = 640;
             int imageHeight = 480;               
             File barChart = new File("sales.png");             
             ChartUtilities.saveChartAsPNG(
                 barChart, barChartObject, imageWidth, imageHeight);
        }
     
        catch (Exception i)
        {
            System.out.println(i);
        }
    }
}

=======================================================

// LineChart Example
// Source code file LineChart.java
// Create a line chart using JFreeChart library.
//
// JAR files jcommon-1.0.23.jar and jfreechart-1.0.19.jar
// must be added to project.

import java.io.*;
import org.jfree.data.category.DefaultCategoryDataset;
import org.jfree.chart.ChartFactory;
import org.jfree.chart.plot.PlotOrientation;
import org.jfree.chart.JFreeChart;
import org.jfree.chart.ChartUtilities;
public class LineChart {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        try {
              
            // Define data for line chart.
            DefaultCategoryDataset lineChartDataset =
                new DefaultCategoryDataset();
            lineChartDataset.addValue(15, "schools", "1970");
            lineChartDataset.addValue(30, "schools", "1980");
            lineChartDataset.addValue(60, "schools", "1990");
            lineChartDataset.addValue(120, "schools", "2000");
            lineChartDataset.addValue(240, "schools", "2010");               
               
            // Define JFreeChart object that creates line chart.
            JFreeChart lineChartObject = ChartFactory.createLineChart(
                "Schools Vs Years", "Year", "Schools Count", lineChartDataset,
                PlotOrientation.VERTICAL,
                true,   // Include legend.
                true,   // Include tooltips.
                false); // Don't include URLs.              
                         
             // Write line chart to a file.              
             int imageWidth = 640;
             int imageHeight = 480;               
             File lineChart = new File("line-chart.png");             
             ChartUtilities.saveChartAsPNG(
                 lineChart, lineChartObject, imageWidth, imageHeight);
        }
     
        catch (Exception i)
        {
            System.out.println(i);
        }
    }
}

input-output Examples, input-output.txt File
=======================================================

// TestAmtToWords Example
// Source code file TestAmtToWords.java
// Input a double amount < 100.00 and convert it to
// words suitable for using as the amount on a check.
public class TestAmtToWords {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        
        System.out.println(amtToWords(63.45));
        System.out.println(amtToWords(18.06));
        System.out.println(amtToWords(0.97));
    }
    
    public static String amtToWords(double amt) {
        
        // Extract pieces of input.
        int dollars = (int) amt;
        int tens = dollars / 10;
        int ones = dollars % 10;
        int cents = (int) Math.round(100 * (amt - dollars));
        
        // Definitions of words for digits.
        String[ ] onesWords = {"zero", "one", "two", "three", "four", 
                   "five", "six", "seven", "eight", "nine"};
        String[ ] teensWords = {"", "eleven", "twelve", "thirteen",
                   "fourteen", "fifteen", "sixteen", "seventeen",
                   "eighteen", "nineteen"};
        String[ ] tensWords = {"", "ten", "twenty", "thirty", "forty",
                   "fifty", "sixty", "seventy", "eighty", "ninety"};
        
        // Declare output variable.
        String output = "";
        
        if (dollars <= 9) {
            output = onesWords[ones]; 
        }
        else if (dollars <= 19) {
            output = teensWords[ones];
        }
        else if (dollars <= 99) {
            output = tensWords[tens] + " " + onesWords[ones];
        }
        else {
            output = "Out of range";
        }
        return output + " and " + cents + "/100";
    }
}

=======================================================

// TestScanner Example
// Source code file TestScanner.java
// Test a Scanner object that reads from a string.
// Also include code that uses the String method 
// split to do the same thing.
import java.util.Scanner;
public class TestScanner {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Scanner scnr = new Scanner("This is a test.");
        scnr.useDelimiter(" ");
        while (scnr.hasNext( )) {
            String word = scnr.next( );
            System.out.println(word);
        }
        scnr.close( );
        
        System.out.println( );
        
        String s = "This is a test.";
        String[ ] fields = s.split(" ");
        for(String word : fields) {
            System.out.println(word);
        }    
    }
}

=======================================================

// ReadFromWeb Example
// Source code file ReadFromWeb.java
// Read raw HTML lines from input file and
// print them to stdout.
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.MalformedURLException;
import java.net.URL;
import java.util.Scanner;
public class ReadFromWeb {

    public static void main(String[] args) 
        throws MalformedURLException, IOException {

        Scanner in = new Scanner((new URL(
            "http://facweb.cdm.depaul.edu/sjost/it313/test.htm")).
            openStream( ));
        
        while (in.hasNextLine( )) {
            String line = in.nextLine( );
            System.out.println(line);
        }
        
        in.close( );
    }
}

=======================================================

// WriteGreetings Example
// Source code file WriteGreetings.java
// Read names of persons from input file, then write
// greetings to each of them, each in their own
// output file.

import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.util.Scanner;

public class WriteGreetings {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws FileNotFoundException {

        // Declare PrintWriter reference variable.
        PrintWriter pw;
        
        // Write greeting to Larry in greeting.txt output file.
        pw = new PrintWriter("greeting.txt");
        pw.println("Hello, Larry, how are you?");
        pw.close( );
        
        // Write greetings to persons, each in their own
        // output file.
        Scanner in = new Scanner(new File("names.txt"));
        while (in.hasNextLine( )) {
            String name = in.nextLine( );
            String greeting = "Hello " + name + ", how are you?";
            String fileName = name + ".txt";
            pw = new PrintWriter(fileName);
            pw.println(greeting);
            pw.close( );
        }
        in.close( );
    }
}

=======================================================

// UseFileChooser Example
// Source code file UseFileChooser
// Open an output file with a FileChooser dialog.
// Read names and write greetings as in the WriteGreetings Example
import java.io.*;
import java.util.Scanner;

import javax.swing.JFileChooser;

    public class UseFileChooser {

        public static void main(String[] args) throws FileNotFoundException {

            // Open file containing names with FileChooser dialog
            JFileChooser chooser = new JFileChooser( );
            chooser.showOpenDialog(null);
            File fileObj = chooser.getSelectedFile( );

            // Read names and write greetings, each in their own file.
            Scanner in = new Scanner(fileObj);
            while (in.hasNextLine( )) {
                String name = in.nextLine( );
                String greeting = "Hello " + name + ", how are you?";
                
                PrintWriter pw = new PrintWriter(name + ".txt");
                pw.println(greeting);
                pw.close( );
            }
            in.close( );
        }
    }

Document your client's potential advertising budget. Explain the budgeting method you recommend using:  How much should you recommend that your client spend on advertising and promotions? Here is a list of ways companies set their marketing budgets.

Percentage of sales. Advertising budget is determined by allocating a percentage of last year's sales anticipated sells for next year or a combination of the two the percentage is usually based on an industry average companies experience in arbitrary figure.

Percentage of profit. Percentage is applied to profit either past years or anticipated.

Unit of sale also called the case rate method. A specific dollar amount is set for each box case Barrel or car introduced use primarily in assessing members of horizontal cool Ops or trade associations.

Competitive parity. Also called the self-defense methods allocates dollars according to the amount spent by Major competitors.

Share of market share of voice. Allocates dollars by maintaining a percentage share of total industry advertising comparable to some what ahead of Desired share of Market. Often use for new product introductions.

Objective task. Also referred to as the budget build up method this method has three steps to finding objectives determining strategy and and eliminating cost to execute that strategy.

Empirical research. Companies determine the most efficient level by running experiential test in different markets with different budgets.

Quantitative mathematical models. Computer-based program developed by Major advertisers and agencies rely on input of sophisticated data history and assumptions.

All available funds. Go-for-broke technique generally used by small firms with limited Capital trying to introduce new products or services.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Target Audience

The intended interest group for this crusade is youthful grown-ups, of drinking age, particularly between the ages of twenty-one and thirty-seven. This is the age gathering to be centered around in this battle. The explanation behind this being, this age gather needs and needs assortment, and this is the thing that Winery can offer them with their altogether different and extensive variety of wines. Additionally, to oblige the age, Winery will target ladies and men, for ladies drink a great deal of wine. They represent fifty-nine percent of the wine consumers, yet they spend less on it. While men represent just forty-one percent in any case, men can be the greater wine purchaser. One part of the intended interest group is the general population who live around the Gilroy, South County zone. These are the general population Winery needs to come in and drink their wine. The purpose behind this is neighborhood bolster is colossal and informal publicizing and is pivotal for this promoting effort, and local people spread the news. The perfect individual for this promoting effort to impact is a male or female who is between the ages of twenty-one and thirty-seven who needs to have the most recent assortment of wine and cherishes to drink neighborhood wine also enthusiasm for a setting for uncommon event or potentially wedding occasions. Notwithstanding facilitating occasions, Winery offers a wedding room with full shower, secured bar, move zone, DJ territory and that's only the tip of the iceberg. Winery is situated in a magnificent redwood, manicured scene, that is tenderly slanting slope shrouded in flourishing Chardonnay vines that fill in as an amazing foundation for weddings and comparable occasions as it is to best to catch those extremely uncommon pledges or event and photographs alike. Feast, move, and celebrate into the night at Winery under white Chinese lamps and strings of garden lights while the waitstaff and Winery family guarantee you have the ideal night. Making the ideal recollections climate, it's facilitating at your home or The Winery, Gilroy, CA.

To advertise to the target audience, the best way to get them to see the advertising is through mass media.  This is the ideal way to reach the target audience since twenty-one to thirty-seven-year old men and women are using their devices very often throughout the day, best way to reach them is through social media sights like Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn, and Google. According to the Social Media Examiner research has been done which shows the power and importance of social media sights like Facebook and Twitter when advertising for craft wine. The reason for this being it creates a way for consumers to communicated back and forth with the producer of the wine.  With this resource consumers can tell the producer, of the wine, what their experience was, and the producer can give the consumers insight about the wine, thus adding to the consumers interest level.  Whitehall Lane Winery, said, “they’ve hit on a social media formula that reaches beyond the tasting room by: 1) partnering with complementary brands, 2) rewarding loyal fans and 3) educating and telling stories vs. selling” (Social Media Examiner, 2013). (Social media) is the most cost-effective resource available.  It’s an enjoyable medium that allows a Winery to interact with the core community of craft wine drinkers who are insatiable in their thirst for both craft wine and information. Using social media websites for advertisement, is a perfect way to have insights on what platform to advertise on analyzing the results of the type of advertisement, how many Impression and Conversions the advertisement made as well as Clicks and Comments to Engagements. In addition to social media platform advertising, Fortino will be utilizing Google AdWords a pay per click method.

            Another good way of advertising is on local billboards.  Advertising will be placed on billboards around the city of Gilroy, and the surrounding communities, all in an effort to get the local audience interested, for they are the most important customers now.  This will get the general public into the winery itself and they can experience the wine and Winery feel first hand and have a good experience.  This is important for the third step in the advertising plan, for if the local customers have a good experience then they will want to tell people about it and that is how Winery will get word of mouth advertising to work in Winery benefit.

            The third part of the advertising plan is word of mouth advertising.  By getting people into Winery and making sure they have a good experience, they will talk about the experience to friends, co-workers, and family, and that is how the knowledge of what has to offer gets out past the local community.  This is a free and very powerful way of advertising

            By word of mouth advertising, billboards, and multi-media advertising a relationship is built with customers, in which Winery gave them something, a great experience, great wine, a great time, and they in return will help Winery out with some free word of mouth adverting.  It cost money to get them into the winery and to buy the wine, but after a happy customer base is built, they can do a big part from an advertising standpoint.

Analyze the article

Remember to use the analysis tools in your writing ask yourself after reading the article

“so what?” and “why is this important?”

***

Article:

Marketing is important to every business’ survival, whether it’s for the local business up the street or the mega-corporation that spreads across all continents. Unfortunately, for the former, marketing is often put on the back burner, as a small-business owner has so many other things to deal with.

As a small business, you should start by looking at what your direct competitors are doing in the area. Find out how they are attracting customers and, more importantly, what is and isn’t working for them. It’s time to start or revisit your competitor research. “If you’re opening a location-based business, like a restaurant, that competitor research might involve visiting other venues in-person to judge quality, service, aesthetics and other factors through which you want to differentiate your own business," Score says. This is also a great time to introduce yourself to other local business owners. On the other hand, if you have an ecommerce business, you will be conducting a lot of the research online.

Make sure to document your findings; you can create a chart to show your strengths and weaknesses alongside your competitors. For instance, you might find that you are the only restaurant in the area who isn’t offering a loyalty program to attract customers, it is time to jump on that bandwagon.

An important part of marketing today is developing an online presence. You might think your local restaurant has no benefit of being online, as customers are usually local. To the contrary, you will be able to attract new customers in the area and beyond by being present online. It’s important to remember that one-third of all mobile searches are related to location and 78 percent of local mobile searches result in offline purchases. You want people to find you online when they are looking for a business in the area, whether that’s on Google, Facebook, LinkedIn or

From your competitor research (see point #1), you already have an idea of how other businesses in the area are presenting themselves online. Now dig a little deeper, asking questions like: Which businesses show up in Google’s local pack? Which keywords are often targeted? What social media platforms are they using? What type of online content are they sharing? Take inspiration from your competitors and improve upon their efforts in order to stand out.

An important piece of your online presence is online reviews. Reviews are crucial when it comes to ranking in local searches and acquiring new customers. Research shows that 72 percent say that positive reviews make them trust a local business more. What’s more, 92 percent of consumers say that they will use a local business if it has at least a 4-star rating.

Having positive reviews to your business name is an incredibly strong tool, so part of your marketing strategy should be directed toward collecting reviews from current clients. Pick one or multiple platforms that you want to direct people to (e.g. Yelp, Google My Business, Tripadvisor, Facebook). It is important to actively ask your customers to leave reviews to these platforms, as people often need a little nudge to share their opinion. You can ask this in-person, through your website or with the help of a mobile app. Prompt customers at the right time, after they have enjoyed their meal or received their order in the mail. Lastly, don’t be discouraged by negative or mediocre reviews; these are valuable insights into what you can do it improve your business.

You don’t have to do all the marketing yourself; in fact, one way to get the word out about your business is with local press coverage. We are not talking about getting covered by Forbes or The New York Times, but starting with the media outlets in your area who are always looking to cover local news.

Share your story with different media outlets. Many small businesses have heartfelt origin stories, so craft up a narrative that shows who you are and what your business’ mission is. You want to be able to supplement this great story with amazing visuals. Professional photos will help you get featured in news stories -- you can also repurpose these photos for your social media profiles! Depending on your industry, you can also put yourself in front of reporters by sending out samples of your product. The most important thing is to make a memorable connection with a few writers and journalists to secure your time in the spotlight.

You don’t need to do all the marketing yourself, turn your best customers into brand advocates who will market for you. In fact, word-of-mouth is 10 times as effective as traditional forms of marketing and advertising. So how do you generate that word-of-mouth marketing? You need to exceed your customers’ expectations!

The Missouri Business Development Program states: “All successful small businesses seem to have an edge. They have found a way to distinguish themselves, to rise above the commercial fray, to put the WOW into their business.” In other words, you need to delight your customers and make them say (or think) WOW. Maybe it is sending them a handwritten postcard or giving them a special gift with purchase. Maybe you have a lifelong warranty or know all your customers by name. Think of the most creative way to surprise your customer and they will not only become loyal customers, they will also spread the word for you.

According to eMarketer, 80 percent of SMB retail professionals report that email marketing is the best marketing tactic for driving customer acquisition and retention. Email marketing is a great way to a build lasting relationship with your customers. But in order to get the full benefits of email marketing, you need to build out a substantial email list first.

Start by setting up a lead magnet. “Lead magnets are essentially tempting offers that provide consumers something of value in exchange for their contact information,” says Lyfe Marketing. For local businesses, this might include asking for an email address in to sign up for a VIP loyalty program, or signing up for the email list to receive special discounts.

Once you have an email list, you can create an email marketing strategy. Decide what types of emails you would like to send out, ranging from newsletters and industry-related news to promotions and recommended purchases. The types of emails will depend on the goal you want to achieve, such as improving brand recognition, increasing customer retention or boosting sales.

An app is not just a mobile application, an app is a complete mobile marketing solution. It is a powerful marketing tool if used the right way. You can use an app to draw new customers in by offering mobile ordering or a loyalty program. You can re-engage existing customers by sending out messages with promotions and news about your business. You can set up a lead capture form within the app to start building out your email list. In addition, an app can also help you collect reviews, as you are able to prompt customers to share their opinion on social media, produce online reviews or send a referral.

If you want to get even more creative, you can pull out all the stops with an app launch party. This will, in turn, trigger word-of-mouth and draw more people to your business.

All the above marketing strategies can help small businesses gain new customers and increase repeat business. Many of them also overlap and work together in order to set your business apart from the crowd: adding a “WOW factor” to your business can trigger positive reviews and, in turn, strengthen your online presence. A new app can help you build an email list, as well as get you local press coverage and so on. These are straightforward and attainable ways to boost your small business marketing.

Part A: Simple array algorithms

1. With your buddy, read through this problem statement. Be sure to read the Javadoc comments for the evenOdd method.
2. Scribe: What is the return type of the evenOdd method?
3. Scribe: How do you create an int array that can hold two numbers?
4. The problem of coding the evenOdd method decomposes into three simpler problems. Scribe: What are they?
5. Scribe: Which algorithm in section 7.3 of your textbook will be helpful?
6. Scribe: Assuming that you have the counts for the odds and evens (say in oddCount and evenCount), what is the Java code for creating an array of length 2 and returning both counts in the array?
7. Scribe: You really do not have to compute two counts. How can you calculate one given the other?
8. Solve the problem in BlueJ. Make sure your code passes the test cases in this tester. Driver: Paste your code into the lab report.Part B: Removing duplicate

   public class Numbers
   {
      /**
         Computes the number of even and odd values in a given array
         @param values an array of integer values
         @return an array of length 2 whose 0 entry contains the count
         of even elements and whose 1 entry contains the count of odd
         values
      */
      public static int[] evenOdds(int[] values)
      {
         // your work here
   
   
   
      }
   }
   
   Code tester
   
   public class NumbersTester
   {
      public static void main(String[] args)
      {
         int[] a = { 1, 2, 3 };
         int[] r = Numbers.evenOdds(a);
         System.out.println(r[0] + " " + r[1]);
         System.out.println("Expected: 1 2");
         a[1] = 5;
         r = Numbers.evenOdds(a);
         System.out.println(r[0] + " " + r[1]);
         System.out.println("Expected: 0 3");
         a = new int[0];
         r = Numbers.evenOdds(a);
         System.out.println(r[0] + " " + r[1]);
         System.out.println("Expected: 0 0");
      }
   }

   Part B: Removing duplicates

   Step1
   A common typo is to accidentally duplicate a word, which can be be rather embarrassing.

   Your task is to design and implement a program that removes adjacent duplicates. This class reads a file and puts all words into an ArrayList<String> called words. Your task is to complete the method removeAdjacentDuplicates to remove all adjacent duplicates in words. Develop a plan and write pseudocode for this task. Questions to think about. Scribe: How do you plan to find duplicates? Scribe: What will you do when you find them? Pay special attention to what happens at the beginning or end of the array list. Show your lab instructor your pseudocode before doing the next step.

   Step 2
   Implement your solution. To test, download and unzip this zip file. Copy each file into the same directory that contains your BlueJ project. Do not copy the folder.

   You must unzip the zip file. Don't simply move the zip into your BlueJ directory.

   Make a Text object on the BlueJ workbench. Right-click and call pick. Pick the file typo.txt. Right-click and call removeAdjacentDuplicates (i.e. your method). Right-click and call explore. . Scribe: Is the duplicate “be” removed?

   Step 3
   Run this tester. Scribe: Did you pass all tests? If not, what did you do to fix your code?

   Driver: In your lab report, paste the correct solution.

   Step 4
   Now suppose you want to remove all duplicates, whether adjacent or not. The result will be a list of unique words. For example, if the array list contains these immortal words

   Mary had a little lamb little lamb little lamb
   Mary had a little lamb whose fleece was white as snow
   And everywhere that Mary went Mary went Mary went
   And everywhere that Mary went the lamb was sure to go

   you should produce the array list

   Mary had a little lamb
   whose fleece was white as snow
   And everywhere that went
   the sure to go

   Decide upon an algorithm and write down the pseudocode.

   Scribe: Ask yourselves:

9. How do we know when a word is duplicated?
10. Should we first check for duplication, or should we proactively remove all duplicates of every word?
11. How can we be sure to leave one copy of the word in place?
12. How do we remove all those duplicates?
13. When removing a word and traversing an array at the same time, how does that affect the array index?

14. Step 5
    When you are satisfied that you can implement it, add a method removeAllDuplicates to the Text class.

    Implement the method and test it as described above.

    Step 6
    Run this tester.

    Scribe: Did you pass all tests? If not, what did you do to fix your code

    Step 7
    Driver: In your lab report, paste the correct solution.

    Part C: Swapping

    Step 1
    Run this program.

    The code on lines 20 to 24 is intended to swap neighboring elements. For example,

    1 4 9 16 25 36

    is supposed to turn into

    4 1 16 9 36 25

    But as you can see, it doesn't work. Now launch the BlueJ debugger. Put a breakpoint at line 20. Click Step. And then keep clicking Step and observe the program behavior until you can tell why it fails to swap the values.

    Tip: To see the contents of the array, double-click on it in the Local Variables pane.

    Step 2
    Discuss what you learned from observing the program

    How you can fix your program so that the swapping actually works? Scribe: What did you decide?

    Step 3
    Implement your fix and test it.

    Driver: Put the fixed code in your lab report.

    Part D: More Swapping with Pictures

    Step 1
    Unzip this file and open the project in BlueJ. Run the program.

    Look at the main method in the Lab11D class. Note that a VisualArrayList is exactly like an ArrayList, except it shows you in slow motion what goes on inside.

    Step 2
    Come up with an algorithm for the following task. We want to swap the first half and the second half of the array list.

    For example, A B C D E F should turn into D E F A B C.

    You should assume that the array list has an even number of elements (not necessarily 6).

    One solution is to keep removing the element at index 0 and adding it to the back.

    A B C D E F
    B C D E F A
    C D E F A B
    D E F A B C

    Write pseudocode for this algorithm.

    Ask yourselves:

15. Which actions need to be carried out in each loop iteration?
16. How many iterations are there (for arbitrary even lengths, not necessarily 6)
17. Which actions need to be carried out in each loop iteration?
18. How do you know the positions of the elements to be swapped?
19. How many iterations are there (for arbitrary even lengths, not necessarily 6)

20. Step 5
    Implement your pseudocode and run it.

    Driver: Paste the main method into your lab report. Watch how much faster it runs. (This should be pretty obvious since the movement of the array elements takes time.)

    Add four more letters and run the program again to double-check that it works with any even number of letters.

    Step 3
    Implement your pseudocode and run it.

    Driver: Paste the main method into your lab report.

    Step 4
    When you run the code, you will find that there is a lot of movement in the array. Each call to remove(0) causes n - 1 elements to move, where n is the length of the array. If n is 100, then you move 99 elements 50 times, (almost 5000 move operations). That's an inefficient way of swapping the first and second halves.

    Come up with a better way in which you swap the elements directly. Hint: How do you swap elements at index1 and index2?

    A B C D E F
    D B C A E F
    D E C A B F
    D E F A B C

    Write pseudocode for this algorithm.

    Ask yourselves (Scribe: record the answers):

Which of the following is not a characteristic of the Porifera?

Which statement best explains how adult lancelets differ from adult tunicates?

Kathy works at a zoo and cares for amphibians. What is a unique feature of amphibians in comparison to reptiles that would impact upon amphibian care?

The word chondri in the term Chondrichthyes means the following.

Most biologists agree that animals arose from the following organism

Which of the following statements represents the difference between roundworms and flatworms.

The following animal has a body cavity lined completely with tissue:

Which term explains a lined body cavity derived from mesodermal embryonic tissue?

Which term explains a respiratory tube that conducts air to the tissues in some arthropods, such as insects?

Critical Thinking

The market for young people's food products has increased considerably in recent years. As a result, children have become high-potential customers and are now the focus of intense and specialized marketing and advertising efforts.

Children and adolescents have become attractive consumers and influencers: they have an increasing influence on their family's purchases.Childrenrepresent an important target audience for marketers because they have their own purchasing power, influence their parents' purchasing decisions, and are the consumers of tomorrow. Advertisers have an interest in seducing them from an early age.Thus, to be sure to attract young people, companies opt for a combination of different approaches and channels such as television advertising, contests and games, toys, the use of popular characters, the use of various attractive colors, school marketing, Internet and branded products etc.

Food and beverages products that target children have increased and these productsare dominated by foods that are high in calories, sugars, salt, fat, low in nutrients and therefore not compatible with national dietary recommendations.

Mr. Fahmy has already a business in the food sector and wants to open a new subsidiary specializing in natural and organic products for children. The goal is to provide healthy, nutritious food and use healthier ingredients.

Questions

1. Describe the type of promotional methods that you recommend to Mr. Fahmy for the promotion of his product line. (Identify techniques such as word of mouth, personal sales, direct marketing, sales promotion, etc., on television, radio, social media, and newspapers).

2. Why is it important for a media planner to consider how different types of media could work together on a media plan?

True or false

7. Psychographic variables typically add much to the data provided by demographic and geographic variables in market

segmentation.  

         8. Typically, sales of a new product in the introductory stage of its product life cycle are fast.  

         9. When new products are branded under well-established brand names, they are very likely to be accepted by wholesalers and retailers.  

         10. Advertising effectiveness is not easy to evaluate since sales revenues are not necessarily directly attributable to advertising.  

12.   Any person, group, or organization that is willing, able, and capable of purchasing a particular product is called a market.

Pick one

20. Searching for trends in the external environment that may impact a company’s marketing strategies either favorably or unfavorably.

                   a. Market Orientation        b. Environmental Scanning               

         21. Attempting to determine customer needs in order to provide products that will satisfy these needs.

                   a.   Positioning           b. Customer Focus           

         22. Attempting to create an “image” of the product in the mind of the target market relative to competitors’ products.

                   a. Exchange Process        b. Positioning           

         23. The process of planning and executing the conception, pricing, promotion, and distribution of ideas, goods, and services in the virtual environment of the Internet to create exchanges that satisfy individual and organizational goals.

                   a. e-Marketing           b. e-Commerce                 

29. A brand is best defined as a

                   a. registered design or symbol that may be displayed on the product or used to promote it.

                   b. related group of words that describe the product.

                   c. name, term, sign, symbol, design, or the combination of these that identifies a seller’s products.

                   d. copyrighted word or group of words that gives the manufacture exclusive ownership and the right to sell a product under that name.

You are working as a software developer for a large insurance company. Your company is planning to migrate the existing systems from Visual Basic to Java and this will require new calculations. You will be creating a program that calculates the insurance payment category based on the BMI score.

Your Java program should perform the following things:

1. Take the input from the user about the patient name, weight, birthdate, and height.
2. Calculate Body Mass Index.
3. Display person name and BMI Category.
   1. If the BMI Score is less than 18.5, then underweight.
   2. If the BMI Score is between 18.5-24.9, then Normal.
   3. If the BMI score is between 25 to 29.9, then Overweight.
   4. If the BMI score is greater than 29.9, then Obesity.
4. Calculate Insurance Payment Category based on BMI Category.
   1. If underweight, then insurance payment category is low.
   2. If Normal weight, then insurance payment category is low.
   3. If Overweight, then insurance payment category is high.
   4. If Obesity, then insurance payment category is highest.
5. Implement exception handling.
6. Store all the information in the file. You need to use the loop and keep asking users to enter patient name, height, weight, and birthdate. Your program should calculate BMI Category and Insurance payment category and write it to the file. Your program should stop once user enter q character.
7. Create an interface called as the patient and then implement the interface as well as all the above methods.

You need to submit the following things:

• An entire Java solution
• Attach the output screenshot created using Microsoft Word