In August 2015, Turing Pharmaceuticals raised the price of Daraprim from $13.30 a tablet to $750, an increase of 5,456 percent (Over and Silverman 2015). Daraprim is the only available treatment for toxoplasmosis, a rare infection that can become deadly for patients with weakened immune systems. This price increase means that an individual's treatment could cost up to $634,000. Daraprim's patent expired in 1953, and it can be compounded for less than a dollar per tablet. (Langreth 2015).
Two contradictory trends are evident. Generic drug prices have been declining in the United States since at least 2010, yet multiple generic drugs have risen in price.(Ornstein and Thomas 2017). The price increases generate far more attention than the price decreases, yet the structure of the market has not changed.
In the United States, pharmaceutical prices (indeed most medical prices) are based on negotiations between private insurers and suppliers. The US market has two features that are uncommon in other countries.. First, pharmacy benefit managers often act as an intermediary between insurers and suppliers. Second, the federal government plays a limited role in negotiating prices. Although the Department of Veterans Affairs negotiates drug prices for its beneficiaries, private firms negotiate for Medicare.
Questions
6. Can you provide another example of large price increases for off-patent drugs??
In: Economics
1. A manufacturer knows that their items have a normally
distributed lifespan, with a mean of 14.1 years, and standard
deviation of 2.8 years.
If you randomly purchase one item, what is the probability it will
last longer than 20 years?
2.
A particular fruit's weights are normally distributed, with a
mean of 506 grams and a standard deviation of 21 grams.
If you pick one fruit at random, what is the probability that it
will weigh between 475 grams and 565 grams
3.
In the country of United States of Heightlandia, the height
measurements of ten-year-old children are approximately normally
distributed with a mean of 55.2 inches, and standard deviation of
6.1 inches.
A) What is the probability that a randomly chosen child has a
height of less than 69.75 inches?
Answer= (Round your answer to 3 decimal places.)
B) What is the probability that a randomly chosen child has a
height of more than 37.1 inches?
Answer= (Round your answer to 3 decimal places.)
4.
In the country of United States of Heightlandia, the height
measurements of ten-year-old children are approximately normally
distributed with a mean of 55.9 inches, and standard deviation of
3.4 inches.
What is the probability that the height of a randomly chosen child
is between 61.1 and 63.7 inches? Do not round
until you get your your final answer, and then round to 3 decimal
places.
Answer= (Round your answer to 3 decimal places.)
In: Statistics and Probability
7. Below are research scenarios. For each, indicate whether the researcher committee a Type 1 error, a Type 2 error, or no error in hypothesis testing
(a) Assume there is a strong, positive relationship between
variable X (number of hours per week a child reads for pleasure)
and variable Y (language arts scores in the classroom) in the
population of 3rd grade students in the United States. As with any
educational study, researchers investigating the relationship
between X and Y are not aware of the true relationship in the
population, so researchers must conduct studies with samples and
then use inferential statistics to make decisions whether to reject
the null hypothesis (Ho: There is no relationship between X and Y)
or fail to reject the null hypothesis. A local researcher wishes to
study the relationship between X and Y and he samples 3rd grade
students from Bulloch County. After collecting relevant data, the
researcher finds no relationship between X and Y and therefore
fails to rejects the null hypothesis. The local researcher infers
there is no relationship between X and Y in the population of 3rd
grade students in the United States.
(b) A researcher found a statistically insignificant difference
between group means. If the researcher committed an error in
hypothesis testing, which error is possible?
(c) A researcher found a statistically significant relationship
between perceived autonomy and job satisfaction. If the researcher
committed an error in hypothesis testing, which error is
possible?
In: Statistics and Probability
Phoenix-based CompTronics manufactures audio speakers for desktop computers. The following data relate to the period just ended when the company produced and sold 44,000 speaker sets: Sales $ 3,608,000 Variable costs 902,000 Fixed costs 2,250,000 Management is considering relocating its manufacturing facilities to northern Mexico to reduce costs. Variable costs are expected to average $18.00 per set; annual fixed costs are anticipated to be $1,988,000. (In the following requirements, ignore income taxes.) Required:
1. Calculate the company’s current income and determine the level of dollar sales needed to double that figure, assuming that manufacturing operations remain in the United States. (Do not round intermediate calculations and round your final answers to nearest whole dollar.)
2. Determine the break-even point in speaker sets if operations are shifted to Mexico. (Do not round intermediate calculations and round your final answer up to nearest whole number.)
3. Assume that management desires to achieve the Mexican break-even point; however, operations will remain in the United States.
a. If variable costs remain constant, by how much must fixed costs change? (Round your final answer to nearest whole dollar.)
b. If fixed costs remain constant, by how much must unit variable cost change? (Do not round intermediate calculations and round your final answer to 2 decimal places.)
In: Accounting
Explain at least three public health campaigns targeting access to healthcare for women and/or minorities. Describe at least two aspects of their advertising strategies that have addressed income and education.
Abortion has been the subject of numerous legislative activities in the United States. How have various legislations affected low-income and minority women?
Describe the legal battle over birth control devices in the United States. Include how access to healthcare has been affected by the legal decisions.
Describe the legal barriers to healthcare access for low-income immigrant minorities.
Review the articles, "Ethnic and gender disparities in needed adolescent mental health care", and "Overlooked and underserved: Improving the health of men of color". Explain what it means to be "overlooked" by the healthcare system.
Discuss at least two examples that illustrate why minorities are often overlooked in the healthcare system. Do you agree or disagree with these reasons, why or why not?
Despite the fact that school-based psychological counseling is available to all students, Thomas et al., report that ethnic disparities in mental healthcare access and utilization still persist. Explain why this disparity exists. What can be done to decrease mental health access and utilization barriers for low-income and minority students?
What strategies does former U.S. Surgeon General, David Satcher, M.D., discuss that will decrease the potential for minorities to be overlooked by the healthcare system?
In: Nursing
13.Most consumer deposits in banks are insured by the FDIC
A.True
B.False
14.If the reserve requirement increased from 10% to 20% that would
A.Create more money
B.Create Less Money
C.Have no impact on Money
15.The Fed takes direction from the President and Congress
A.True
B.False
16.What is the Federal Reserve?
A.It's the Central Bank of the United States
B.It's a private offshore bank for wealthy people
C.The bank for savings and loans
D.The central bank for New York
17.What is the Federal Reserve Board of Governors?
A.The 50 Governors of the United States
B.The savings and loan Presidents
C.Members of the advisory council
D.The basic policy-making body of the Federal Reserve System
18.How many members of the Board of Governors are there?
A.5
B.7
C.12
D.11
19.What Policy does the Fed use to maintain a healthy economy?
A.Fiscal Policy
B.Monetary Policy
C.Discretionary Policy
D.Non discretionary Policy
20.The FOMC carries out monetary policy discussion in an open forum when they meet
A.True
B.False
21.Major monetary policy decisions by the Fed require approval from
A.The President
B.Congress
C.The President and Congress
D.The FOMC and Board of Governors
22.If the Fed wants to increase the money supply,it will
A.Sell T-Bills
B.Buy T-Bills
C.Print Money
D.Increase interest rates
In: Economics
Please do it by type not pics.
1.The empirical tit of ttte production model: The table below reports per capita GDP and capital per person in the year 2014 for 10 countries. Your task is to fill in the missing columns of the table.
a.Given the values in columns 1 and 2, fill in columns 3 and 4. That is, compute per capiiz GDP and capital per person relative to the U.S. values.
b.In column 5, use the production model (with a capital exponent of 1/3) to compute predicted per capita GDP for each c‹runtry relative to the United States, assuming there are no TFP differences.
c.In column 6, compute the level of TFP for each country that is needed to match up the model and the data.
d.Comment on the general results you find.
In 204 I dollars n•Iativ* to the U.fl. values (If.6. = 4 )
| Country | t+) Capital per person | IV) Per capita GDP | (*) Capital per person |
/4J Par capita GDP |
Ist Predicted y* |
T6) Implied TFP to match data |
| United States | 141,841 | 51,958 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 |
| Canada | 128,667 | 45,376 | ||||
| France | 162,207 | 37,360 | ||||
| Hong Kong | 159,247 | 45,095 | ||||
| South Korea | 120,472 | 34,961 | ||||
| Indonesia | 41,044 | 9,797 | ||||
| Argentina | 53,821 | 20,074 | ||||
| Mexico | 45,039 | 15,521 | ||||
| Kenya | 4,686 | 2,971 | ||||
| Ethiopia | 3,227 | 1,505 |
In: Economics
equilibrium quantity
1. The profits of Du Pont de Nemours and Company in 1997
were
about $24 billion Does this mean that Du Pont’s economic profit
equaled $24
billion? Why or why not?
2. If the demand curve for wheat in the United States is P
=
124 – 4QD where P is the farm price of wheat (in dollars per
bushel) and QD is
the quantity of wheat demanded (in billions of bushels), and the
supply curve
for wheat in the United States is P = -26 + 2QS, where QS of the
quantity of
wheat supplied (in billions of bushels), what is the equilibrium
price of
wheat? What is the equilibrium quantity of wheat sold? Must the
actual price
equal the equilibrium price? Why or why not?
3. The Mineola Corporation hires a consultant to estimate
the relationship between its profits and its output The consultant
reports
that the relationship is
π = -10 – 6Q + 55Q2 – 2Q3 + 025Q4
a The consultant says that the firm should set Q equal to
1
to maximize profit Is it true that dπ/dQ = 0 when Q=1? Is π
at a maximum when Q = 1?
b Mineola’s executive vice president says that the firm’s
profit is a maximum when Q=2 Is this true?
c If you are the chief executive officer of the Mineola
Corporation, would you accept the consultant’s estimate of the
relationship
between profit and output as correct?
In: Economics
Explain the concept of consideration.
Describe the rules regarding consideration.
Explain how the UCC rules regarding consideration are different
from the common law rules regarding consideration.
Explain the legal effect of a lack of capacity on a person’s
ability to enter into a contract.
Describe the circumstances under which a party would have limited
capacity to enter into a contract.
Explain the legal effect of entering into a contract for an illegal
purpose.
Action Items
Research the differences between United States and Saudi Arabian
contracts with regard to consideration, capacity and illegal
purposes.
Respond to at least one of your classmates' postings.
Also, there is answer for a student that requires a
response:
Contract administration guidelines for public infrastructure
projects in the United States and Saudi Arabia:
International construction, where contractors perform works in
foreign countries, poses cultural and contractual risks resulting
from the dissimilarities in social and legal outlooks. One of the
major risks that leads to disputes in such international projects
is poor contract administration. Research has been focused toward
the cultural risks and ex-post dispute resolution in international
construction, missing the important ex-ante dispute avoidance
aspect. This paper addresses this knowledge gap with a special
focus on the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), which is the largest
economy in the Middle East and North Africa. The paper does so by
providing in-depth—yet practical—contract administration guidelines
for U.S.
In: Finance
Mattel (U.S.) achieved significant sales growth in its major international regions between 2001 and 2004. In its filings with the United States Security and Exchange Commission (SEC), it reported both the amount of regional sales and the percentage change in those sales resulting from exchange rate changes.
|
Mattel's Global Sales |
|||||
|
2001 |
2002 |
2003 |
2004 |
||
|
Sales (000) |
Sales (000) |
Sales (000) |
Sales (000) |
||
|
Europe |
$936,022 |
$1,124,887 |
$1,361,823 |
$1,415,367 |
|
|
Latin America |
462,868 |
457,233 |
468,153 |
533,251 |
|
|
Canada |
163,332 |
163,459 |
179,525 |
197,670 |
|
|
Asia Pacific |
119,045 |
136,654 |
161,697 |
202,013 |
|
|
Total International |
$1,681,267 |
$1,882,233 |
$2,171,198 |
$2,348,301 |
|
|
United States |
3,383,701 |
3,419,301 |
3,194,417 |
3,203,969 |
|
|
Sales Adjustments |
(384,129) |
(422,984) |
(423,471) |
(445,113) |
|
|
Total Net Sales |
$4,680,839 |
$4,878,550 |
$4,942,144 |
$5,107,157 |
|
|
Impact of Change in Currency Rates |
|||||
|
Region |
2001-2002 |
2002-2003 |
2003-2004 |
||
|
Europe |
6.9% |
14.9% |
7.9% |
||
|
Latin America |
−9.1% |
−6.2% |
−2.1% |
||
|
Canada |
0.1% |
11.1% |
4.8% |
||
|
Asia Pacific |
3.1% |
13.1% |
5.8% |
||
a. What was the percentage change in sales, in U.S. dollars, by region?
b. What were the percentage change in sales, by region, net of currency change impacts?
c. What impact did currency changes have on the level and growth of consolidated sales between 2001 and 2004?
In: Finance