Select a company or organization whose fairness or ethics is currently being scrutinized in the news or in social media. Provide enough background information about your selected company to convey its size and prominence in society, and then explain in detail the alleged fairness and ethics violations. Conclude your paper by choosing to support the allegations or refute them, and explain your reasoning based on what you have learned. In your discussion, be sure to include the information below.

• Summarize the concept of fairness as it relates to decisions.
• Explain how personal and business ethics can be subconsciously overridden in decision-making. Does your selected business exemplify this?
• Describe how the company could improve its image regarding fairness and ethics in decision-making.

Your paper must be a minimum of three pages in length, and it should contain at least two academic references (one maybe the textbook). Please use APA formatting and citations.

Breadmaking 101: pricing for profits Journal of Critical Incidents "Cost and prices, time for the numbers. What should I do?" A few weeks ago Karen Faulkner finalized the purchase of a bakery which specialized in bread. The prior owner had decided to sell the business because it lacked profitability. There were plenty of customers which suggested to Karen that the problem was with costs or pricing. The last price increase on any of the products was in 2002, ten years ago. Karen thought she could turn things around and would start by repricing her products. "This isn't a hobby, it's a business and if I don't get this right, there won't be a store." Karen was overwhelmed, but she decided to start by repricing the signature product--the honey wheat loaf. "I'll start with the honey wheat loaf; it will be a 'pricing beta test'." Notes and numbers were spread out on the table so that Karen could figure out costs and margins. Once she estimated cost, the difficult decision would be to decide on a price. A loaf of honey wheat still sold for $5.25. If the price needed to increase, what was the best price? What price would cover costs and keep customers buying loaves? Was it better to raise prices incrementally or all at once to avoid sticker shock? The Ingredients Karen was a graduate of a local college of business. She put her degree to use in a variety of ventures. Karen had owned a business in the past inspecting homes. She was comfortable owning and running a business and thought a better pricing strategy could turn the bakery around. The bakery was located in a medium-sized community with a stable economy supported by employment at the local university. The bakery was located downtown and served a lunch crowd from the nearby high school and businesses. The building was next to a small plaza where customers could sit outside for lunch. There were also tables at the front of the bakery. The atmosphere was friendly and the scent of baking bread filled the shop. The bread store was well known and liked in the community. It was perceived as selling healthy, high-quality foods; it sold a premium product. Schools visited on field trips and the free samples drew visitors. If asked to describe her customers, Karen said, "I think of them as shoppers like me; aware of quality and willing to pay a little more for something healthy with no preservatives." The Mix Karen knew she had to price the bread based on what the market would pay, but she also knew she needed to make sure the price was high enough to sustain her business. It made sense to her to use a spreadsheet to estimate costs and contribution margins. "Time to do the numbers." Karen decided to estimate the cost of goods sold and contribution margin for both 2002 and 2012. She made a list of the ingredients in her loaf and their costs as of 2002. Honey, wheat, salt, yeast, and water were the bread's ingredients. It seemed simple but it wasn't. One batch of bread that made 48 loaves and required 56 pounds of wheat, 12 pounds of honey, 0.4 pounds of salt and three pounds of yeast. In 2002, honey was $1.32 a pound, salt $4.15 a pound, yeast $1.64 a pound, and wheat was $0.17 a pound. It cost $8.50 an hour for labor. Were there other costs she needed to include: packaging and overhead? Prices had risen significantly for everything except yeast in the ten years between 2002 and 2012. Honey was now $4.02 a pound, salt $7.47 a pound, yeast was $0.98 per pound and wheat was $0.30 per pound. Wages hadn't changed at $8.50 per hour. A batch of bread needed a half hour of labor to mix the batter. While employees needed to be around when the bread rose and baked, employees usually did other work during this time and she decided to allocate only 0.5 hours labor per batch of bread. The variable costs could and did change over time, but their variability made it difficult to forecast their values in the future. Karen wondered how or even if she should somehow incorporate this uncertainty into her calculations and decision. She had seen how commodity prices had changed significantly in just the few weeks since she bought the bakery. Karen did not include fixed costs in her calculation. She had bought the business, not the building so there was monthly rent, not a mortgage. Water wasn't included in the cost structure, but without it there wouldn't be bread. Should part of the water bill be allocated to the loaves? And what about insurance, taxes, and other fixed costs? Were they part of the cost? Business theory stated that fixed costs should not be included in pricing decisions (Stiving, 2010), yet many business allocated fixed costs to product lines in their pricing decisions (Shim & Sudit, 1995). Since Karen had not collected fixed cost information she decided to ignore them and focus on variable costs. And then there was pricing. Covering costs was critical but what would customers be willing to pay? If Karen raised prices how would customers react? Should she increase all at once or a little? Should the price cover costs now or anticipated costs for the next couple of years so the change could be "one and done?" The Rise Pricing seemed like more of an art than a science. What did competitors charge? The loaves on grocery store shelves looked industrial, tasted bland, and shipped by truck from a factory. A grocery store field trip yielded a wide variety of prices and products. Over the last few years, grocery stores started selling artisan and other kinds of loaves that looked like what she was selling in her store. Focusing on honey wheat, Karen found loaves at a couple of stores that looked like her loaves and sold for $5.25 or more a loaf. Those loaves seldom went on sale, but sometimes were put in the day-old section of stores. The difference was the ingredient list. What exactly were some of the ingredients on the label? In the grocery store, the typical bread loaf was something she thought of as factory-made. Those loaves often went on sale. The price was $4.10 for higher quality brands, but they often sold at a discount of $2 a loaf. The texture and taste was inferior to her product, but she knew some customers wouldn't notice the difference and cared more about price. She decided those were not the customers she wanted to target. Convenience and price were their focus. There was another bakery in town, but it made and sold rolls and didn't sell bread. Since it didn't make products similar to her loaves she didn't think she had to worry about competition from it. Karen thought her product was a premium loaf, made by her bakers and sold while it was still oven fresh. Her bread was baked fresh and without preservatives, a quality product. Many customers realized the premium qualities of her bread and often commented on the texture and taste. Her customer base seemed less concerned about price and more concerned about quality. They could see the loaves in the back of the store, talk to the bakers and better yet, smell the scent of freshly baked. In short, customers were willing to pay a premium for a higher quality product. Yet, Karen wondered if they would find alternatives if she raised her price. In a Canadian study the price elasticity for bread was -0.43 (Pomboza & Mbaga, 2007) suggesting that a one percent increase in price would lower demand by 0.43%. While this resulted in fewer loaves sold, it also resulted in higher profits for the store if Karen raised her price. Karen did not have information on whether customers would substitute inferior grocery bread for her higher quality bread if she raised her price. It was simply an unknown. Karen's research convinced her that she had a unique product. Competing on price seemed like a bad idea. But if she baked it and priced it for profits, would they buy? The Loaf Now that Karen had calculated the numbers and had researched her competition it was time to decide on a price. There were many ways to start. She could estimate the mark up from the cost of goods sold and the margin percent based on 2002. Then she could use those percentages along with the 2012 commodity prices to estimate a 2012 price. Or Karen could estimate costs and multiply that number by some multiple like 2X or 3X to determine the price. Some bakeries priced goods this way. Karen wondered, "Would focusing on profit margins be a better strategy?" Even then she struggled with what to do about the volatility of commodity prices. Should a model incorporate that uncertainty and, if so, how? Were there other pricing strategies? Should she use a markup from the competition? What if her numbers showed a big price increase was needed? How would her customers react? Did she need to change the price in stages and test the reaction or would it be better to do it all at once? What about the future? If she was increasing prices anyway, should there be a margin for the possible changes in commodity prices? This was much harder than the homework problems she solved in college while earning her business degree and the stakes were higher. This decision could make or break her business and its future. This was bread making 101. Karen knew the price change was just the beginning. Standing in the store and monitoring sales was important not only to keep the personal connection her customers valued, but also to hear and review in real time how sales changed as the price increased.

Sarah Singleton (born July 1, 1970, and Social Security Number 473-12-1234), who lives at 123 Main Street in Mankato, MN 56001 (Blue Earth County), is single, has 20-20 vision, and has no dependents. She works 40 hours per week at a retail store in Mankato, MN, and generates $40,000 of income. Additionally, $10,000 federal income tax and $7,000 of state of MN income tax were withheld from her wages from this job, as reported on her W-2.

During 2019 Sarah’s mother passed away, and Sarah inherited $50,000 in cash. Additionally, her father gave her $20,000 as a birthday present. Sarah placed the money in Wells Fargo Bank and earned $500 of taxable interest income.

Sarah has the following itemized deductions:

State Property taxes on her home $6,000

State of MN income tax withheld of $7,000 (as indicated above)

Home Morgage interest of $5,000

Interest on her car loan of $1,000

Donation to local church $500

Gambling losses of $5,000, Sarah has no gambling winnings

Answer the following items in your post:

1. What is Sarah's Adjusted Gross Income

2. Identify which items qualify as an itemized deduction on Schedule A for the tax year 2019?

3. What are Sarah's total itemized deductions for the tax year 2019?

JAPANESE CASE STUDY #1

This case study is a composite of actual situations. Marianne, who is American, and Ken Shimizu, who is Japanese, have worked in Tokyo for over 30 years as Methodist missionaries. They have annual furloughs and occasional sabbaticals, during which they visit relatives and sponsoring organizations and engage in continuing education in the United States. They met as college students in the United States, and their three grown children have established their own careers in the United States.

Ken’s 98-year-old mother resides with Marianne and Ken. She is not Christian but has always been extremely supportive of Ken and Marianne’s work. Ken teaches at a large Christian university, whereas Marianne has served in various church-related positions over the years. As missionaries, they live in subsidized post–World War II housing near Ken’s university. Marianne has been a frugal housewife, preparing local foods in the Japanese style for her family.

Ken, who is nearly 60, recently learned that he has glaucoma. By the time it was discovered, he had lost a significant amount of peripheral vision. Although Marianne delivered all three children at a Christian hospital in Tokyo, she gets her annual physical examination when visiting relatives in the United States. She has never believed that the Japanese health system is as proactive as that in the United States. On her most recent visit to the United States, Marianne learned that she has hypertension. Her physician prescribed a medication that is readily available in Japan, but the physician was concerned about the level of stress in Marianne’s life. Mother Shimizu is quite confused and requires considerable care, but it is unthinkable for Ken, the only child, to put his mother in a long-term-care facility. Even if he would, the

quality of facilities in Japan leaves much to be desired. Most of the responsibility for Mother Shimizu falls on Marianne, in addition to her work. Marianne’s relatives are urging her to consider placing Mother Shimizu in a church-related life-care community near Marianne’s family in the United States, where Marianne and Ken would like to retire. Marianne’s own parents lived in this facility at the end of their lives. She is considering these issues as she returns to Tokyo.

1. In what ways might you consider Ken to be countercultural as a Japanese man?

2. What social pressures might Marianne have faced, given some of her choices, as a housewife in Japan?

3. What pressures will Ken likely experience as he considers how to meet the needs of both his mother and his wife?

9. Compare and contrast the fertility and mortality rates of Japan and the United States.

10. Do the traditional Japanese maintain sustained eye contact with strangers? Why or why not?

11. To which drugs might Japanese people have greater sensitivity than that of white ethnic populations?

12. How do most Japanese people meet their need for calcium?

Using your knowledge of the progression and stages of Alzheimer’s disease identify possible safety issues that may arise for persons diagnosed and their family members in the middle, and late stages of the disease.

Please provide your analysis by the end of the day on Weds and your assigned response by the end of the day on Friday.

For your assigned scenario analysis (identified below ) please discuss:

• the main safety issues you identify
• the possible implications of the situation and challenges for the person with dementia in terms of transition points and decisions to be made
• the possible implications for the caregiver(s)/family member(s) in the scenario

Once your group members have provided their responses, for your assigned SCENARIO response (identified below) discuss:

• resources/strategies that you think may be useful to the caregiver and/or person with dementia in this situation
• barriers that may exist that could prevent the use of these resources/strategies

Scenario 1

Your Mom has AD and lives alone. She manages fairly well now you have disabled the stove etc. and you visit each day on your way home from work to prepare her meals and help with medications etc. Then you go home to cook for your husband/wife and three teenagers. However, late at night Mom often thinks someone is trying to break into her house. Understandably she gets very agitated and calls the police – this happens several times a week.

Analysis:

Response:

Scenario 2

Your Dad was diagnosed with Alzheimer’s disease three years ago and has been doing very well. Your Mom is reluctant to discuss any problems they may be having and says everything is “fine.” One of your Dad’s past co-workers (he retired 10 years ago) has told you that your Dad was sitting in the car in the parking lot of his former work last week and they had to drive him home to your Mom.

Analysis:

Response:

Scenario 3

You live with your spouse who was diagnosed with dementia several years ago. Your adult son lives with you and works second shift and often overtime too. You have help during the day (home care for 3 hours x3/week). However, the nights are becoming difficult as your spouse does not seem to wish to sleep. He gets up and walks around the house and is sometimes disorientated when trying to find the bathroom

Analysis:

Response:

Scenario 4

Your Mom lives 150 miles away and has been becoming increasingly frail and forgetful. She has lived in the same neighbor since she got married and has many close friends. The Pastor from her Church (two block-walk away from her house) called you to say your Mom arrived at Church ready for service but on the wrong day!

Analysis:

Response:

Question 1

In each of the following situations, identify the population and the sample

(i).There are 50 books in statistics in our library which contains a collection of 5,000 books.

(ii).About 20% of the stones heaped on the building site are round in shape.

(iii).The dream that there will be more female than male politicians in Ghana will never be realized

(iv) About 10% of pregnant mothers reporting to hospitals are infected with HIV virus.

(v) Since the last major earthquake in 1939, there have been 60 earth tremors in Ghana, with 20 these occurring over the past 5 years.

Question 2

In each of the following situations, identify the scale(s) of measurement that is appropriate for each situation.

(i) A visiting school inspector asked a class teacher to rank the thirty students in her class on “level of discipline”, with 1 standing for the least disciplined student and 30 standing for the most disciplined student.

(ii)   Identical twins living in different environments are being compared to find out the influence of the environment on their academic performance. A standard test on academic performance is giving to fifty (50) sets of identical twins and their performance graded over 100.

(iii) “Regular” students and students admitted under the distance learning programme into Accra Institute of Technology are administrated a questionnaire measuring “level of maturity” of the students, with scores on “level of maturity” ranging from 0 to 1

(iv) One thousand students in a statistics class are asked to rate their lecturer on teaching effectiveness at the end of the semester, where rating scores on teaching effectiveness can possibly range between 10 and 50.

(v) A relationship is to be established between “Campus of Study” and “Academic Performance” among Accra Institute of Technology students at KCC campus and Seaview campus based on their final grade point average (FGPA), classified as “Good” (FGPA of 3.2 or better), “Average” (FGPA of 2.5 to 3.19) or “Poor” (FGPA below 2.5). Five hundred (500) and 100 students are sampled from KCC campus and Seaview campus respectively. Out of the 500 students sampled from KCC campus, 200 were classified as “Good” as “Average” and the rest as “Poor”. Out of the 100 students sampled from Seaview campus, 30 were classified as “Good”, 40 as “Average”, and the rest as “Poor”.

Question 3

There are three insurance companies in the Business District in Accra. It is known from previous records   that each year, 2 percent, 5 percent and 3 percent of those insured by Vanguard Insurance, Enterprise Insurance and Star insurance respectively submit claims. 20 percent of the people in the community have an insurance policy with Vanguard Insurance Company, 30 percent with Enterprise Insurance Company and 50 percent with Star Insurance Company.   

(i) What is the probability that a randomly selected insurance policyholder in the community did a claim in a certain year?    

(ii) If a randomly selected policy holder in the community is found to have made a claim in a certain year, what is the probability that, that person is insured with Vanguard Insurance?

(iii) If a randomly selected policy holder in the community is found to have made a claim in a certain year, what is the probability that, that person is insured with Enterprise Insurance?           

Question 4

Using practical examples from the field of statistics, determine the following variables you expect to have a normal or nearly normal distribution. Illustrate by discussing and explaining possible reasons for your answer.

a. Scores on a very easy test

b. Shoe sizes of a random sample of adult women

c. The number of apples in each of 100 full bushel baskets

You will create this assignment following the Assignment Detail instructions below.

Review the tutorial titled How to Submit the Intellipath Submission Assignment.

Please submit your work to this week’s Intellipath Unit Submission lesson. Click the Upload button within the submission lesson to access the submission area. Click the Select File button to upload your document, and then click "OK" to finish.

Assignment Details

Throughout this class, you have been working with a product of your creation that dealt domestically. This week, you will switch gears and address a real company that does global business.

Note: Please refrain from using assignments from other classes that you have taken.

The Analysis

Select a global company of your choice in the service industry. Using your selected global company as the subject matter, research the principles of marketing that impact this organization, and prepare an APA paper with the following:

Describe the main line of business of the company.

Name 4 of the countries in which the company operates.

Explain in detail the implementation of the 4 P marketing mix concept by the company, including the following:

Competition

Target market

Product strategy

Distribution strategy

Communication strategy

Pricing strategy

Describe any differences observed in the implementation of this concept from one country to another.

This assignment will be assessed using additional criteria provided here.

Your report must include a reference list. All research should be cited in the body of the paper. In-text citations and corresponding references should be included in your paper. For more information on APA style, please visit the APA lab. The paper should be written in third person, which means that pronouns like “I,” “we,” and “you” are not appropriate. The use of direct quotes is strongly discouraged.

Your assignment should contain a cover page, an abstract page, and a reference page in addition to the body. The body of the paper should be 3–4 pages in length, starting with a brief 1-paragraph introduction and ending with a short conclusion. The entire submission will be 6–8 pages in length.

Please submit your assignment as a Word document in APA format using the attached template.

Submitting your assignment in APA format means that you will need a minimum of the following:

Title page: Remember to include the running head and the title in all capital letters.

Abstract: This should be a summary of your paper, not an introduction. Begin writing in third person voice.

Body: The body of your paper begins on the page following the title page and abstract page, and it must be double-spaced (be careful not to triple- or quadruple-space between paragraphs). The typeface should be 12-point Times New Roman or 12-point Courier in regular black type. Do not use color, bold type, or italics, except as required for APA headings and references. The deliverable length of the body of your paper for this assignment is 3–4 pages. In-body academic citations to support your decisions and analysis are required. A variety of academic sources is encouraged.

Reference page: References that align with your in-text academic sources are listed on the final page of your paper. The references must be in APA format, using appropriate spacing, hang indention, italics, and upper and lower case as appropriate for the type of resource used. Remember, the reference page is not a bibliography, but it is a further listing of the abbreviated in-text citations that are used in the paper. Every referenced item must have a corresponding in-text citation.

Which of the following would be a viable way to earn abnormally high trading profits if markets are semistrong-form efficient?

• Buy shares in companies with low P/E ratios.

• Buy shares in companies with recent above-average price changes.

• Buy shares in companies with recent below-average price changes.

• Buy shares in companies for which you have advance knowledge of an improvement in the management team.

For the Simon Property group:

Discuss how the firm’s demand is changing. Why? What factors affecting consumer choice and demand shifters are responsible for the change? How do changes in demand affect company’s revenue (support with the revenue figures). Sketch changes in firm’s demand and revenue using demand graphs.

what more detail do you need can you explain so more please