1. Consider a two period model in which a scare resource (say, oil) is allocated competitively. The demand curve in both periods is given by ?? = 100 − ?? where ? = 1,2 represents the two periods. Let the unit extraction cost be $12 per barrel. Take the discount rate to be 5%.

(a) What is the threshold stock of barrels beyond which oil is no longer scare?

(b) Now suppose you are given 100 barrels of oil to allocate over the two periods. Compute quantities, prices, consumer and producer surplus and aggregate discounted welfare.

(c) How much would a monopoly supplier of oil extract in each of the two periods and at what price? Discuss by comparing to part (a).

Zagrot Trucking’s balance sheet shows a total of noncallable $45 million long-term debt with a coupon rate of 8.00% and a yield to maturity of 6.00%. This debt currently has a market value of $100 million. The balance sheet also shows that the company has 20 million shares of common stock, and the book value of the common equity (common stock plus retained earnings) is $650 million. The current stock price is $100 per share; stockholders' required return, r_s, is 13.00%; and the firm's tax rate is 21%. The CFO thinks the WACC should be based on market value weights, but the president thinks book weights are more appropriate. What is the difference between these two WACCs?

uppose that the monthly demand for housing in Egypt is QD = 1000 – 5P.

• Using the formula for elasticity we have described in class, suppose that the initial price is $500 dollars, calculate the price elasticity of demand between a price of $600 and $500.
• Explain the meaning of your answer using the concept of elasticity
• Suppose that the prevailing price is $500. Would you recommend an increase in the price to $500, why or why not? Explain using the concept of elasticity. If not, describe the conditions under which you could make such a recommendation.
• Calculate the total revenue first from the sale of houses at a price of $500 and then at a price of $600. Do you reach a different conclusion regarding the effect of the increase in price?
• Suppose that when an average customers income increases rises from $18,000 to $20,000 per year, annual housing purchases increase from 5,500 units to 6,500 units. Calculate the income elasticity of demand. Is housing a normal good? Why or why not?

note; please o need it typed not hand writing, Thank you

Henry Hawkins Industries of Batavia, Ohio, manufactures and sells one product. The company assembled the following projections for its first year of operations:

During its first year of operations Henry Hawkins expects to produce 25,000 units and sell 20,000 units. The budgeted selling price of the company’s only product is $66 per unit.

Required:

(answer each question independently by referring to the original data):

1. Assuming that Henry Hawkins' projections are accurate, what will be its absorption costing net operating income (loss) in its first year of operations?

2. Henry Hawkins is considering investing in a higher quality raw material that will increase its direct materials cost by $1 per unit. It estimates that the higher quality raw material will increase sales by 1,000 units. What will be the company’s revised absorption costing net operating income (loss) if it invests in the higher quality raw material and continues to produce 25,000 units?

3. Henry Hawkins is considering raising its selling price by $1.00 per unit with an expectation that it will lower unit sales by 1,500 units. What will be the company’s revised absorption costing net operating income (loss) if it raises its price by $1.00 and continues to produce 25,000 units?

4. Assuming that Henry Hawkins' projections are accurate, what will be its variable costing net operating income (loss) in its first year of operations?

5. Henry Hawkins is considering investing in a higher quality raw material that will increase its direct materials cost by $1 per unit. It estimates that the higher quality raw material will increase sales by 1,000 units. What will be the company’s revised variable costing net operating income (loss) if it invests in the higher quality raw material and continues to produce 25,000 units?

6. Henry Hawkins is considering raising its selling price by $1.00 per unit with an expectation that it will lower unit sales by 1,500 units. What will be the company’s revised variable costing net operating income (loss) if it raises its price by $1.00 and continues to produce25,000 units?

7. What is Henry Hawkins' break-even point in unit sales? What is its break-even point in dollar sales?

8. What is the company’s projected margin of safety in its first year of operations?

Deep leraning/LSTM/Matlab

There is a Matlab code that is doing the following steps for deep learning and applying LSTM, I need to change first three steps to use our dataset to train this model and you don't need to change other.

I need to apply that for .ogg audio files so Create and Use some audio files with .ogg format as sample data and give me the code.

The following steps is for your information:

1. Three classes of audio signals are generated and labeled as 'white', 'brown', and 'pink'. Each class has 1000 samples.
2. 800 samples from each class are used as the training samples to train the deep neural network, so total 800*3=2400 samples in the training dataset. Their labels are their class names 'white', 'brown', and 'pink'. (Lines 29 and 30)
3. 200 samples from each class are used as the validation samples to test the performance of deep neural network, so total 600 samples in the validation dataset. Their labels are their class names 'white', 'brown', and 'pink' (Lines 32 and 33)
4. Extract features from the training dataset and validation dataset.
5. define the structure of the neural network model (LSTM)
6. set training options
7. train the model iteratively using the training dataset and test the model using the validation dataset every iteration.
8. finish training and get the trained model.
9. generate test dataset and use the trained model to classify the test dataset into three classes, 'white', 'brown', and 'pink'.

Code:

fs = 44.1e3;

duration = 0.5;

N = duration*fs;

wNoise = 2*rand([N,1000]) - 1;

wLabels = repelem(categorical("white"),1000,1);

bNoise = filter(1,[1,-0.999],wNoise);

bNoise = bNoise./max(abs(bNoise),[],'all');

bLabels = repelem(categorical("brown"),1000,1);

pNoise = pinknoise([N,1000]);

pLabels = repelem(categorical("pink"),1000,1)

sound(wNoise(:,1),fs)

melSpectrogram(wNoise(:,1),fs)

title('White Noise')

sound(bNoise(:,1),fs)

melSpectrogram(bNoise(:,1),fs)

title('Brown Noise')

sound(pNoise(:,1),fs)

melSpectrogram(pNoise(:,1),fs)

title('Pink Noise')

featuresTrain = extract(aFE,audioTrain);

[numHopsPerSequence,numFeatures,numSignals] = size(featuresTrain)

audioTrain = [wNoise(:,1:800),bNoise(:,1:800),pNoise(:,1:800)];

labelsTrain = [wLabels(1:800);bLabels(1:800);pLabels(1:800)];

audioValidation = [wNoise(:,801:end),bNoise(:,801:end),pNoise(:,801:end)];

labelsValidation = [wLabels(801:end);bLabels(801:end);pLabels(801:end)];

aFE = audioFeatureExtractor("SampleRate",fs, ...

"SpectralDescriptorInput","melSpectrum", ...

"spectralCentroid",true, ...

"spectralSlope",true);

featuresTrain = permute(featuresTrain,[2,1,3]);

featuresTrain = squeeze(num2cell(featuresTrain,[1,2]));

numSignals = numel(featuresTrain)

[numFeatures,numHopsPerSequence] = size(featuresTrain{1})

featuresValidation = extract(aFE,audioValidation);

featuresValidation = permute(featuresValidation,[2,1,3]);

featuresValidation = squeeze(num2cell(featuresValidation,[1,2]));

layers = [ ...

sequenceInputLayer(numFeatures)

lstmLayer(50,"OutputMode","last")

fullyConnectedLayer(numel(unique(labelsTrain)))

softmaxLayer

classificationLayer];

options = trainingOptions("adam", ...

"Shuffle","every-epoch", ...

"ValidationData",{featuresValidation,labelsValidation}, ...

"Plots","training-progress", ...

"Verbose",false);

net = trainNetwork(featuresTrain,labelsTrain,layers,options);

wNoiseTest = 2*rand([N,1]) - 1;

classify(net,extract(aFE,wNoiseTest)')

bNoiseTest = filter(1,[1,-0.999],wNoiseTest);

bNoiseTest= bNoiseTest./max(abs(bNoiseTest),[],'all');

classify(net,extract(aFE,bNoiseTest)')

pNoiseTest = pinknoise(N);

classify(net,extract(aFE,pNoiseTest)')

84. ________ was the first to describe microorganisms, while ________ was the first person to see bacteria.

a. Antoni van Leeuwenhoek / Robert Hook

b. Antoni van Leeuwenhoek / Robert Koch

c. Robert Hooke / Antoni van Leeuwenhoek

d. Robert Koch / Antoni van Leeuwenhoek

85. Archaea and Bacteria are unified as prokaryotes in lacking ________ which Eukarya contain, such as golgi.

a. membranes

b. nuclei

c. membrane-enclosed organelles

d. nuclei and membrane-enclosed organelles

86. A bacterial species has a generation time of 20 minutes and is growing exponentially. If there are 10 cells initially how many cells are there after 80 minutes?

a. 30

b. 80

c. 160

d. 200

e. none of the above

87. The growth of almost all bacteria in the environment

a. is limited by cool temperatures

b. is limited by high pH

c. is limited by the availability of one or more nutrients

d. is unlimited because bacteria are metabolically versatile

88. According to Koch’s postulates a microorganism thought to cause a disease in one species of animal.

a. must be seen in samples of blood using a microscope

b. must be isolated in pure culture and then used to cause the same disease in healthy animals

c. must never be found in healthy individuals

d. answers (b) and (c) are correct

89. Antoni van Leeuwenhoek developed and used

a. the first compound microscope

b. the first vaccine to prevent an infectious disease

c. a microscope with a single lens

d. pasteurization to prevent the spoilage of food

90. Gram positive bacteria

a. have a thick cell wall, which retains the crystal violet dye when cells are Gram stained

b. contain teichoic acid in their cell walls

c. appear purple when Gram stained

d. all the above e. none of the above

91. The cell envelope of Gram negative bacteria

a. includes a thick cell wall

b. includes both an inner and outer membrane

c. includes a peptidoglycan layer

d. always includes a capsule made of polysaccharides

e. answers (b) and (c) are correct

92. The cell membrane of bacteria

a. is semi-permeable

b. is usually a lipid bilayer

c. prevents cell lysis due to high intracellular osmotic pressure

d. answers (a) and (b) are correct

e. answers (a) and (c) are correct

93. Regarding early life on Earth,

a. microbial life existed for hundreds of millions of years before plant and animal life

b. microbial life existed long before animals but has been around for about the same amount of time as plants

c. microbial life, plant life, and animal life all appeared at about the same time

d. it is impossible to determine which type of life first appeared.

94. The structure that confers structural strength on bacterial cells is known as the

a. cytoplasmic membrane

b. cell wall

c. ribosome

d. cytoplasm

95. Archaea and Bacteria are unified as prokaryotes in lacking ______________

a. membranes

b. nuclei

c. membrane-enclosed organelles

d. nuclei and membrane-enclosed organelles

96. When a bacterial culture contains only one type of organism, it is called a ______________.

a. mixed culture

b. liquid culture

c. environmental culture

d. pure culture

97. Prokaryotes and eukaryotes

a. have the same kinds of metabolic pathways, but little else in common

b. have nothing in common

c. have many things in common because they share a common ancestor

d. are identical to each other

98. Which of the following statements is true?

a. peptidoglycan is comprised of cross-linked fatty acids

b. the cell walls of most bacteria are composed of peptidoglycan

c. Gram-negative bacteria have a relatively thick layer of peptidoglycan

d. peptidoglycan is found mainly in the cell walls of fungi, algae and plants

e. answers (a) and (b) are both correct

99. The cell membrane of bacteria

a. is semi-permeable.

b. is usually a lipid bilayer

c. prevents cell lysis due to high intracellular osmotic pressure

d. answers (a) and (b) are correct

e. answers (a) and (c) are correct

100. A bacterial species has a generation time of 15 minutes and is growing exponentially. If there are 2 cells initially how many cells are there after 90 minutes?

a. 256

b. 128

c. 64

d. 32

e. none of the above

101. Most bacterial cells reproduce by

a. the budding of daughter cells from a mother cell

b. forming spores that later germinate

c. binary fission

d. production of gametes and sexual reproduction  

102. Which of these are routinely used to obtain a pure culture of bacteria?

a. swan necked flasks

b. agar streak plates

c. dilution plates

d. microscopes

103. The cells of all species of Bacteria and Archaea are very small, and:

a. must be stained before they can be seen using light microscopy

b. can only be seen using electron microscopy

c. can only be seen if they are first Gram stained

d. none of the above

104. Prokaryotes evolved early on in the history of the Earth:

a. so their physiology has little in common with Eukaryotes

b. so many aspects of their physiology also occur in Eukaryotes, which evolved much later in in the history of the Earth

c. and Eukaryotes evolved independently at a much later time in the history of the Earth

d. at about the same time that Eukaryotes first appeared on Earth

8. Outward shifts of the U.S. production possibilities frontier can be caused by

Group of answer choices

human actions such as wars and environmental pollution.

advances in technology and increases in human capital (education).

natural disasters such as earthquakes, hurricane, floods and epidemics.

the discovery and development of new sources of raw materials in Brazil, Canada, or Russia.

increasing the current production of consumption goods and decreasing the current production of capital goods.

1. In Question 8, mutual gain would result if ____ trades away ____ in return for ____.

Group of answer choices

the U.S., one car, 15 computers.

the U.S., five computers, one car.

the U.S., 15 computers, one car.

Canada, one car, 15 computers.

Canada, one computer, 15 cars.

9. Given 100 hours of labor, if the U.S. can produce either 1000 computers or 100 cars and Canada can produce either 800 computers or 40 cars, then

Group of answer choices

the U.S. has a comparative advantage (CA) in both computers and cars.

the U.S. has a CA in computers and should specialize in the production of computers.

the U.S. has a CA in cars and should specialize in the production of cars.

Canada has a CA in cars and should specialize in the production of cars.

Canada has a CA in computers and should specialize in the production of cars.

2. If (i) the price of pepperoni (a pizza topping or input) increases, (ii) pizza is a normal good in consumption, and, (iii) consumer income increases, then the equilibrium quantity of pizza

Group of answer choices

will decrease but the change in the equilibrium price of pizza is indeterminate.

will increase but the change in the equilibrium price of pizza is indeterminate.

may increase, decrease, or not change but equilibrium price of pizza will not change.

may increase, decrease, or not change but the equilibrium price of pizza will increase.

may increase, decrease, or not change but the equilibrium price of pizza will decrease.

32. If the demand for a good is inelastic, then (own) price elasticity coefficient E_d

Group of answer choices

equals 0 and so a 50% increase in price will not change the quantity demanded, Q^d.

is greater than 1 and so a 10% increase in price will decrease Q^d by more than 10%.

is less than 1 and so a 5% decrease in price will increase Q^d by less than 5%.

is less than 1 and so a 15% decrease in price will increase Q^d by more than 15%.

the demand curve is vertical.

42. If Bo Bob’s Burgers sells 200 deluxe burgers at $6 and 800 deluxe burgers at $4, then (using the midpoint formula) the (own) price elasticity of deluxe burger demand, Ed, is

Group of answer choices

0.33.

1.5.

2.67.

3.0.

10.0.

11. What’s wrong with this picture? In the following discussion see how many errors you can spot and explain briefly why each is an error. You do not need to correct the error. “Natalie, I think we’ve got a winner here.

Take a look at these numbers! Year Initial cost Units sold Price/unit 15 ($ thousand 0 1 2 3 ... 10 ??1,000 100 100 100 ... 100 15 15 ... 15 Total revenue Cost of goods sold Gross profit Operating expenses Depreciation Interest expense Income before tax Tax @ 40% Income after tax 1,500 1,500 1,500 ... 1,500 800 800 800 ... 800 700 700 700 ... 700 100 100 100 ... 100 100 100 100 ... 100 500 500 500 ... 500 200 200 200 ... 200 300 300 300 ... 300 “Now, Natalie, here’s how I figure it: The boss says our corporate goal should be to increase earnings by at least 15 percent every year, and this project certainly increases earnings. It adds $300,000 to net income after tax every year. My trusty calculator tells me that the rate of return on this project is 30 percent ($300/$1,000), well above our minimum target return of 10 percent. And if you want to use net pres- ent value, its NPV discounted at 10 percent is $843.50. So, what do you think, Natalie?” “Well, David, it looks pretty good, but I do have a few questions.” “Shoot, Natalie.” “OK. What about increases in accounts receivab“But, David, what about extra selling and administrative costs? Haven’t you left those out?” “That’s the beauty of this, Natalie. Given the recent recession, I fig- ure we can handle the added business with existing personnel. In fact, one of the virtues of the proposal is that we should be able to retain some people we would otherwise have to terminate.” “Well, you’ve convinced me, David. Now, I think it will be only fair if the boss puts you in charge of this exciting new project.”

Week 10: Premises Security Liability and Forensic Security Our focus is on liability that security managers may face in supervising effective security programs. Shielding the organization from lawsuits by avoiding inadequate security claims is part of the responsibility of security managers. Effective security planning can mitigate such risks. For our discussion this week, we consider a case involving the security assessment of a parking lot at a commercial establishment. These are areas are often found to have vulnerabilities in terms of reasonably foreseeable threats and where customers or guests may become crime victims. Consider the following Wal-Mart case. Review the case and note the applicable legal liability principles and factors that are important in determining whether the case should be decided for or against the plaintiff. After you have addressed the application of the legal principles to the relevant facts, provide your well-reasoned conclusion and opinion about how the case should be decided. If you decide that Wal-Mart is legally liable, what do you believe they should settle for? Also, note what you believe a business like Wal-Mart should provide as reasonable security measures to protect their employees, customers and their property? Wal-Mart Sued By Abductee's Husband By Kenneth A. Gailliard, The Sun News CONWAY - The husband of a Galivants Ferry woman is suing Wal-Mart for $10 million more than three years after two men abducted her from the parking lot of the retail giant's Conway store and killed her. The lawsuit accuses Wal-Mart of negligence and carelessness that resulted in Alice Donovan's injuries and death. Donovan's husband, Barry, declined comment Wednesday, and his lawyer, Geoffrey H. Waggoner of Charleston, could not be reached. Donovan has asked for a jury trial. No date has been set. A pair of jail escapees abducted Donovan immediately after she drove into the Wal-Mart parking lot off U.S. 501. They then forced her to drive away from the parking lot in her car and into Brunswick County, N.C. They later killed her. Her body has not been found. Federal juries convicted Chadrick Fulks and Branden Basham of her murder. Fulks received South Carolina's first federal death sentence, and Basham received the second. Allegations in the lawsuit include that Wal-Mart failed to adequately monitor and control its premises, to effectively protect its patrons, to warn patrons of the nature and extent of crimes committed on the premises, and to ensure that existing security procedures were followed. The suit also says Wal-Mart should have been aware of the potential for violent crimes to happen in its parking lot. Wal-Mart spokesman Martin Heires said the company secures its parking lots, though he did not elaborate. Premise liability suits are common and around 90 percent of them result in settlements. Donovan drove into the store lot about 2:30 p.m. unaware the men who pulled in behind her were escapees from a Kentucky jail riding in a stolen truck they wanted to ditch. When she pulled into a parking space at the store, Basham jumped from the truck, got into Donovan's BMW and forced her to drive to the back of the parking lot. There Fulks abandoned the truck and the two men forced Donovan to drive away. Police said the men drove her into Brunswick County, N.C., later that day, but police have not been able to determine where they took her. Both men gave police several stories about her whereabouts, and extensive searches were conducted for her in North and South Carolina. Prior to kidnapping Donovan, Fulks and Basham were in West Virginia, where they kidnapped and killed college student Samantha Burns. Both men received life sentences in that state for Burns' death.